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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma hominis caused sternal wound infections with mediastinitis in three patients. One infection occurred in a nonimmunocompromised man after coronary artery bypass grafting. The wound did not heal after repeated debridement, closed irrigation of the mediastinum with povidone-iodine solution, and antimycoplasmal chemotherapy; muscle flap grafting was eventually required. Two infections occurred in recipients of heart-lung transplants after the isolation of mycoplasma from bronchial secretions. Although no Mycoplasma species were isolated after specific antimycoplasmal therapy was begun, the wounds still did not heal. Both patients died of other complications. Infection of wounds after sternotomy is another of an increasing number of infections caused by M. hominis in the normal and immunocompromised host. Familiarity with the morphologic characteristics of M. hominis on bacteriologic culture media may increase the recognition of this pathogen in atypical clinical settings.
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PMID:Sternotomy infections with Mycoplasma hominis. 354 22

During a 22-month period, pelvic infection with bacteraemia that was due to genital mycoplasmas was diagnosed in 12 adult patients at the Royal Women's Hospital. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from seven patients and Ureaplasma urealyticum from five patients. Infections occurred postpartum in seven patients (in three patients after a vaginal delivery and in four patients after a caesarean section) and after gynaecological procedures in five patients. All patients were moderately ill. During the same period genital mycoplasmas were isolated from the blood cultures of three newborn infants, all of whom were at risk of sepsis. Genital mycoplasmas were isolated from blood cultures with only minor modification of the previous usual blood culture procedure. During the period that was reviewed, genital mycoplasmas accounted for 35% of 34 isolates from 607 blood cultures of adult patients. Genital mycoplasmas are a common cause of febrile morbidity and pelvic infection in women after genital tract procedures or delivery.
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PMID:Bacteraemia and pelvic infection in women due to Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. 357 92

Cigarette smoking exerts deleterious effects not only on the respiratory tract, but also on the lung's parenchyma. The FEV is reduced in heavy chronic smokers. Persistent smoking has an unfavourable influence on mucociliary activity. According to the results of recent research almost 8 million people in the U.S. were suffering from chronic bronchitis in 1981. There is a direct correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked, over what period of time, and the incidence of chronic bronchitis. In studies with patients suffering from exacerbations of chronic bronchitis the most common bacterial pathogens found were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and certain viruses are counted amongst the non-bacterial pathogens. Antibiotics should be effective against such possible pathogens. The resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin/amoxicillin is currently observed in at least 12% of cases, whilst H. influenzae is regularly observed to be resistant to erythromycin. Cefaclor, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid offer satisfactory forms of treatment. Pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and Legionella pneumophila is often seen in smokers and patients with COLD. Haemocultures should be prepared for all hospitalized patients. Penicillin G and/or V is the agent of choice. Cefaclor or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole can be given to counter beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae whilst cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole are used for the treatment of B. catarrhalis infections. In Legionella infections erythromycin is the preferred treatment. A combination of erythromycin and cefamandole or ceftriaxone is indicated for empirical management. Patients with COLD should be immunised with pneumococcus and influenza vaccines.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Smoking and lower respiratory tract infection]. 361 Mar 32

Over a 24-month period, 274 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were hospitalized in Departments of Medicine at hospitals in Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, and Toulouse. Etiology of the pneumonia was determined either by organism identification or by indirect immunofluorescence in only 139 cases (51%). The most frequently isolated etiological agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (34 cases), Legionella pneumophila (29 cases) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (24 cases). The majority of patients with legionellosis were male (79%), middle aged (mean age: 53 years), and living in urban areas (69%). Their clinical features were atypical and did not differ from those of other pneumonias. Four patients with legionellosis (13.8%) died. L. pneumophila was isolated directly in only three instances. The study confirms the high prevalence of legionellosis (20%) among pneumonias of identified etiology. The fact that these cases had an atypical clinical presentation and that isolation of the organism was difficult reinforce the need to apply the CDC criteria for the interpretation of positive serological titers.
Infection 1987
PMID:Prevalence of legionellosis among adults: a study of community-acquired pneumonia in France. 369 3

To determine whether infection with Mycoplasma bovoculi increases ocular colonization of cattle eyes with Moraxella bovis and other bacteria, colonization of ocular gram-negative bacteria were measured in eyes of cattle infected with Mycoplasma bovoculi. Strains of Moraxella ovis were chosen because these are among the most commonly isolated species of gram-negative bacteria from cattle eyes. Five strains of M ovis were characterized biochemically and by pilus structure, permitting the recognition of 2 biotypes. All strains were tested in a mouse corneal pathogenicity model. One strain of each biotype was selected for testing in calves. All 5 strains were apathogenic for mice, and the 2 strains tested in cattle did not induce keratitis. Infection of calves with Mycoplasma bovoculi increased the amount and persistence of colonization with the strains of M ovis.
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PMID:Mycoplasma bovoculi infection increases ocular colonization by Moraxella ovis in calves. 372 20

In a retrospective study covering a 13-year period and a population of 817,900 inhabitants, 13 cases of invasive infection caused by Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae were found. Ten of the infectious episodes were caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae and three by Haemophilus aphrophilus. The clinical manifestations comprised endocarditis, meningitis, pleuropneumonia, epiglottitis and septicaemia from an unknown focus. These 13 infectious episodes caused by uncommon Haemophilus species constituted less than 3% of the total number (473) of invasive Haemophilus infections registered during the same period of time. Invasive H. influenzae infections were more common in all age groups than infections caused by other Haemophilus species. In contrast to H. influenzae infections, which predominate in childhood, invasive infections due to uncommon Haemophilus species had no predilection for any age group.
Infection
PMID:Invasive infections caused by Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae. 387 45

Human ciliated epithelial cells derived from nasal polyps and cultured in a monolayer were studied as an experimental model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Scanning electron microscopy revealed two types of cultured epithelial cells: one which was covered by microvilli only and another which had microvilli and actively beating cilia. M. pneumoniae adhered to both types of cells, and the adherence followed saturation kinetics as a function of time. Infection of the cells for 20 h resulted in 75% inhibition of their intracellular catalase activity and a 3.5-fold increase in their malonyldialdehyde levels compared with noninfected controls. This indicates the presence of cellular oxidative damage due to M. pneumoniae infection. It is suggested that human nasal ciliated epithelial cells may serve as a representative model for studying M. pneumoniae in relation to its natural host.
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PMID:Human ciliated epithelial cells from nasal polyps as an experimental model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. 392 66

The transmission rate and the clinical and pulmonary manifestations of serologically proven mycoplasma infections were reviewed in 34 patients from 11 families consisting of 30 children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years, and four parents aged 30 to 41 years (total number of family members = 59:37 children, 22 adults). Twenty-seven of the 37 children had pulmonary involvement (73%). The total infection rate was 58%, and the infection rate in children 81%. The roentgenologic findings in children with pneumonia showed no pathognomonic features. The most common X-ray finding was bronchopneumonia (48%). Pulmonary infiltrates occurred in six children (20%) under four years of age. Three of the children (10%) had severe clinical and/or radiological manifestations. These findings depict a pattern of mycoplasma infection that is different from previous reports, i.e. high pulmonary infection rates in families, the occurrence of pneumonic infiltrations in young children and a quite severe clinical and radiological course in some of the patients.
Infection
PMID:Pulmonary involvement in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in families. 395 33

Infection of Acholeplasma laidlawii cells by the temperate enveloped mycoplasma virus L2 results in production of three morphological forms of progeny L2 virus: L2-I, L2-II, and L2-III. These morphological forms can be separated by velocity sedimentation and agarose gel electrophoresis. The latter technique was used to size the quasi-spherical particles: L2-I is 74 nm, L2-II is 88 nm, and L2-III is 132 nm in diameter. The protein composition of the three L2 forms is the same, although there are differences in protein stoichiometric ratios. L2-I, L2-II, and L2-III have the same 11.8 kilobase pair superhelical DNA genome. However, UV inactivation studies and restriction frequency measurements indicate that L2-I and L2-III each contain 1 genome copy, while L2-II contains 2-3 genome copies.
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PMID:Heterogeneous progeny viruses are produced by a budding enveloped phage. 400 16

The sequential development of Mycroplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae was observed in cultures of a swine synovial fluid cell strain. An early transitory filamentous phase was observed with M. hyorhinis infection followed by the development of cell-associated, relatively large, round structures and some ring forms. Infection with M. hyorhinis was characterized by a generalized distribution of the organism and a severe cytopathic effect. Infection with M. hyosynoviae was represented by the development of circumscribed foci of small pleomorphic structures and a milder effect on the cells. At a high multiplicity of infection, this organism became associated with the cytoplasmic membranes of the cells.
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PMID:Chronological development of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infections in cultures of a swine synovial cell strain. 425 28


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