Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a hypogammaglobulinemic woman with a one-year history of destructive septic osteomyelitis and polyarthritis with positive cultures for Ureaplasma urealyticum from joint exudate and blood. The clinical course was complicated by subcutaneous abscesses from which both U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were grown. Multiple routine cultures had been negative, except for sporadic findings of Staphylococcus epidermidis before specific cultures for mycoplasmas were performed. Therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics, clindamycin, rifampicin, fusidic acid and aminoglycosides had been given without obvious clinical effect. Intravenous doxycycline treatment instituted after microbiological diagnosis had a dramatic effect on the clinical course. The clinical suspicion of mycoplasma and ureaplasma as etiologic agents of orthopaedic infections in hypogammaglobulinemic patients is mandatory in order to perform appropriate cultures.
Infection
PMID:Septic osteomyelitis and polyarthritis with ureaplasma in hypogammaglobulinemia. 259 51

Treatment of female BALB/c mice with oestradiol rendered them susceptible to vaginal colonization by three of four different strains of Mycoplasma hominis. Overall, the organisms were recovered persistently from the vagina of 68 (87%) of 78 of these mice. Strain TO mice given one of the strains were at least susceptible, all of ten becoming colonized and larger numbers of organisms being recovered. The hormone arrested the reproductive cycle in the oestrous phase, characterized by non-nucleated, cornified vaginal epithelial cells. In contrast, M. hominis organisms were isolated transiently from only seven (10.5%) of 66 BALB/c mice not treated with oestradiol, after intravaginal inoculation; treatment with progesterone, which induced the dioestrous phase of the cycle, did not render any of 10 BALB/c mice susceptible to vaginal colonization. The minimum number of organisms (2.5 x 10(5)) of one strain of M. hominis and the minimum dose of oestradiol (0.05 mg) required to induce persistent colonization were established. Vaginal colonization persisted for more than 200 d in some mice, the numbers of organisms recovered ranging between 10(1) and 10(8). At autopsy there was evidence of spread to the uterine horns and ovaries, and also to the oropharynx, of some animals but not to other organs. Infection was not associated with a polymorphonuclear leucocyte response in the vagina or elsewhere, but a fourfold serum antibody response to M. hominis, measured by the metabolism-inhibition technique, was detected in almost half of the mice tested.
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PMID:Oestradiol-induced infection of the genital tract of female mice by Mycoplasma hominis. 263 70

During the first nine months of 1987, the bacteriological and virological tests as well as the indirect fluorescence test to Legionella pneumophila were performed in 40 children with bronchopneumonia (one- or both-sided) or pleuropneumonia and in 10 children with protracted bronchitis. In a 15 month old boy we have proved (by titer dynamics) the infection with Legionella pneumophila serotype 5, and in a 15 month old girl and in a 16 month old boy serotype 1. The infection was sporadic and the possible source of infection was unknown. The course of the disease was not wasting and the infection was accompanied with fever. The patients had an increased sedimentation rate of red cells and leukocytosis. All the other laboratory findings were within normal limits. In seven children seropositiveness 1:256 to Legionella pneumophila serotype 1, and in two children an increased titer to adenovirus was proved. The high titer to Legionella pneumophila in those seven children indicates an early contact with the causal agent. The patients were successfully treated with cefuroxim, which is not the drug of choice. Infection due to Legionella pneumophila in children does not exhibit a clinical or laboratory characteristic features that differ from those of the other respiratory diseases in children. It means that Legionnaires' disease in children with intact immunity is not the wasting illness. We stress the importance of using serologic examination to Legionella pneumophila as a routine procedure in the aetiological diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in children]. 279 76

Frequency of micturition and dysuria were prominent symptoms in 135 (57%) of 237 women with urethral syndrome. Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis were the principal organisms associated with the urethral syndrome (38.41%, 28.14% and 11.11%, respectively). Escherichia coli was cultured from four patients and Herepes genitalis and Neisseria gonorrhoea were isolated from five patients. Infections with more than one organism were frequent. Thirty-one of 135 patients were infected by two organisms, 27 by three and 4 patients by four microorganisms. Vaginitis due to Garnerella vaginalis, Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis was discovered in 52 (39%) of 135 patients.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in women with urethral syndrome. 290 82

The combined use of microbiological, serological and clinical laboratory methods was evaluated for etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in 106 military conscripts. Special attention was paid to rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and its differentiation from viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia. The microbial etiology could be established in 91 (86%) of the pneumonia patients. Pneumococcal etiology was definitely established in 32 (30%) patients and considered probable in an additional 21 patients (20%). Infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus was confirmed in 23 (22%) of the patients. Mixed infections was observed in 28 (31%) of the patients with established etiology. Detection of pneumococcal antigen was the best rapid diagnostic method, being positive in 90% of the patients with purulent sputum samples in the group with a definite diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia prior to the start of antimicrobial treatment, while Gram stain was positive in only 65% of these patients. Sputum purulence could be used to differentiate very significantly pneumococcal from viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia (p less than 0.001). These categories of pneumonia could also be successfully differentiated by clinical laboratory tests, of which the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were most useful. The suggested cut-off value for the cell count was 10 X 10(9)/l, and for C-reactive protein 85 mg/l. These tests could not differentiate viral from mycoplasmal pneumonias.
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PMID:Etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in military conscripts by combined use of bacterial culture and serological methods. 313 34

Infection of cell cultures by mycoplasmas can be detected by hybridization of the DNA of suspected cell cultures with recombinant plasmids containing fragments of the mycoplasma DNA. The test is very sensitive and allows detection of as little as 1 ng of mycoplasmal DNA, roughly equivalent to the DNA amount of 10(6) mycoplasmas. This approach turns out to be effective for detection and identification of mycoplasmas in clinical material, plant and insect tissues. A set of DNA probes for detection of mycoplasmas infecting cell cultures by dot hybridization has been constructed. This set consists of specific DNA probes and universal DNA probe. Recombinant plasmids, pAl32, pMa13, pMh9, containing specific DNA fragments of Acholeplasma-laidlawii, Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma hominis (the prevalent mycoplasma contaminants of home cell cultures) are species-specific DNA probes. Recombinant plasmid pMg16 containing rRNA genes of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the universal DNA probe for detection of any mycoplasma (or any prokaryote) contaminations. These two classes of DNA probes may be considered as complementing each other. These 32P labeled probes do not hybridize with eukaryotic DNA. The set of DNA probes allows not only to detect infection of cell cultures by mycoplasmas but also to identify the species of mycoplasmas and to evaluate the multiplicity of mycoplasma infection.
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PMID:[Detection and identification of Mycoplasma infections by DNA hybridization]. 331 46

Infections of the respiratory tract are among the most common causes for antibiotic prescribing. Their diagnosis within the community is generally limited to clinical criteria, and microbiological information is frequently lacking. Hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections are more likely to undergo diagnostic sampling, but difficulties remain in reliably defining a microbial aetiology, thereby providing a confident basis for antibiotic selection. In considering the role of the cephalosporins in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, over 500 published articles have been reviewed. The pharmacokinetic considerations are discussed and the limitations of existing methodology are emphasised. Individual agents are reviewed by site of sepsis and conclusions are drawn from both comparative and non-comparative studies and in relation to currently recommended regimens. Although oral cephalosporins are widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, none is considered ideal, especially where Haemophilus influenzae is pathogenic. In the case of lower respiratory tract infections the beta-lactamase stable parenteral cephalosporins have become widely used to treat pneumonia in hospitalised patients, especially where Gram-negative enteric bacilli are of aetiological importance. However, the lack of activity of these drugs against Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Coxiella burnetii must be emphasised. Another area of increasing use is in the treatment of infective exacerbations in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis of the lungs where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is pathogenic; ceftazidime in particular has proved a useful alternative to earlier antipseudomonal penicillin antibiotics.
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PMID:Treatment of respiratory tract infections with cephalosporin antibiotics. 331 1

Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the surgical wounds of two patients. One of these patients developed a septicaemia-like illness after coronary artery vein-graft surgery. Mycopl. hominis was isolated from the sternotomy wound and pleural fluid of this patient but not from his blood. No other pathogens were isolated. The second patient developed a low-grade soft-tissue infection due to Mycopl. hominis in a craniotomy wound; his condition responded to tetracycline treatment. The source of infection in both cases presumably was mycoplasmaemia which was secondary to urethral catheterization. Infections due to Mycopl. hominis are overlooked easily unless appropriate steps are taken to isolate and to identify these organisms.
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PMID:Extragenital Mycoplasma hominis infection: a report of two cases. 334 29

Mycoplasma pulmonis, a rodent respiratory pathogen, was used to study the immune response in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and other lymphoid tissues. Infection of BALB/c mice intratracheally (i.t.) with M. pulmonis results in an increased frequency of antigen-sensitive B cells at the site of priming. Upon secondary i.t. challenge, the frequency of antigen-specific B cells rises significantly in BALT, in peripheral blood and, to a lesser extent, in lymphoid tissues distal to the site of priming, i.e., spleen and Peyer's patches. The predominant isotype of anti-M. pulmonis antibody expressed by clones grown in thymus-dependent splenic fragment cultures from B cells taken from all tissues is IgG1. Elimination of accompanying T cells in inocula from euthymic BALB/c mice or lack of T cells at the time of in vivo priming of athymic mice does not change the isotype profile of clones grown from M. pulmonis-specific B cells. The splenic fragment cultures used to grow these clones do not distort the isotype display towards IgG1 expression, since clones grown from either primed or unprimed B cells of other specificities (i.e., trinitrophenyl--TNP) express any or all isotypes in a variety of combinations. The majority of M. pulmonis-specific clonal precursor B cells are sIgG1+/IgD-. All these findings suggest that the potential to give rise to predominantly IgG1-secreting clones in vitro is intrinsic to the M. pulmonis-specific memory B cells primed in vivo.
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PMID:Secondary intratracheal infection of mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis generates IgG1 memory B cells. 349 21

Analysis of biopsy specimen obtained at autopsies performed in hospitals for children from 1981 to 1984 are presented, as well as the results of goal-directed studies of some infectious diseases. It is noted that at adequate morphological and laboratory examinations the frequency of the diagnosed infectious diseases is rather high revealing mainly combined infections. The frequency of acute respiratory infections is especially high, as it is found in 3/4 of the nonsurvivors. There are viral, bacterial, Mycoplasma-induced and other diseases among them. The data on frequency and specific morphological features of different etiologic groups of infection, as well as separate diseases are given. Acute intestinal infections were less frequently diagnosed (in 9.8% of cases), coli-infection being predominant and appearing as a complication of different severe somatic diseases. Sepsis occurred rather frequently, though its rate was gradually decreasing (from 11.1% to 5.3%). Infections with predominant intracanal generalization were rare. Meningococcemia, developing, as a rule, in the presence of generalized viral infections, occurred in 2.2% of cases. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis, more often bacterial ones, complicating congenital malformations, were found in 4.5% of cases. Intrauterine infections, in particular caused by Mycoplasmas and viruses (cytomegalic, herpetic and respiratory ones) were very often diagnosed. They were associated with the same type of placental damage. Chlamydiosis, evidently frequent, was almost unidentified. Bacterial intrauterine infections including listeriosis were rare.
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PMID:[Current aspects of infectious pathology in infants and fetuses]. 353 69


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