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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infections of the respiratory airways are frequently responsible for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and attacks of asthma. However, the causal infectious agents in practice are rarely precisely identified. We have undertaken a prospective study with the aim of researching into the bacteria and viruses associated with these exacerbations. Forty-seven patients who were in hospital between 1987 and 1989 for attacks of asthma (13 episodes) or exacerbations of COPD (35 episodes) were included in this study. The microbiological analysis consisted of: 1) the bacteriology of expectorated material or the products aspirated by fibroscopy with direct examination, quantitative cytology and culture; 2) samples taken from the nasal airways to identify and isolate pneumotropic viruses and mycoplasma; 3) serial serology looking for antibodies against pneumotropic bacteria and viruses. One of more infectious agents were shown in 47% of the episode studies of which 57% were exacerbations of COPD and treated 23% attacks of asthma. In the cases COPD bacteria were identified in 13 cases including Haemophilus influenzae [3], Streptococcus pneumoniae [3], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]. Amongst the 14 viruses recovered, the influenza virus [8] and the respiratory syncytial virus (VRS) [4] predominated. In 14 cases of acute asthma only 4 infectious agents were shown; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, VRS and parainfluenza virus. The influenza virus was the agent most frequently discovered (26%) during the course of exacerbation of COPD and of asthma.
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PMID:[Infectious agents associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and asthma attacks]. 156 31

Preoperative cervical screening of 1193 women undergoing 1st trimester induced abortions yielded Chlamydia trachomatis in 11.7%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.8%, Mycoplasma hominis in 22.1%, Ureaplasma urealyticum in 10.1%, herpes simplex virus in 0.9%, and group B streptococci (GBS) in 2.9%, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were especially frequent among teens. A total of 2.2% (26 women) developed postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 0.9% (13 women) developed endometritis. PID was seen significantly more often in untreated chlamydia-positive (22.7%), M. hominis-positive (8.1%), and GBS-positive (6.1%) women than in women without these microbes (0.5%; p0.05). Prompt treatment of the chlamydia infection before or in connection with the abortion procedure significantly decreased the likelihood of developing chlamydial PID from 22.7% to 2.1% (p0.001). The study confirms the importance of preoperative screening for chlamydia and suggests screening for M. hominis and GBS as well. Results of the screening should be available before the abortion in order to allow patients to be treated pre- or postoperatively. (author's modified)
Infection
PMID:Induced abortion: microbiological screening and medical complications. 180 Mar 68

A prospective study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly was carried out over a 15-month period. During this time 127 consecutive admissions to two acute geriatric medical wards were studied. An aetiology was established in 77 (61%) of cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in 37% of patients. Haemophilus influenzae in 18% and Branhamella catarrhalis in 10%. Infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in only one episode and no cases of Legionella pneumophilia were diagnosed. A significant number of patients had multiple bacterial pathogens isolated: 18% of all bacterial pathogens isolated were ampicillin resistant. Fourteen patients died (11%). Lower respiratory tract infection is a frequent cause of hospital admission for those aged over 65 and is often regarded as a preterminal event. Adequately treated however, mortality is no higher than in the general population. Knowledge of the likely pathogens allows early and appropriate antibiotic therapy for these patients whether at home or on admission to hospital.
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PMID:Prospective hospital study of community acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly. 190 44

The clinical differential of chronic prostatitis and psycho-vegetative urogenital syndrome with objective laboratory tests is very difficult. 265 ejaculates with possible chronic prostatitis were bacteriologically examined (including the search for STD agents). To verify an inflammatory process in the prostate and adnexae, we tested the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels in ejaculate. In addition, semiquantitative leucocyte counts in stained smears of the ejaculate were carried out. 185 of 265 patients had C3 complement below detection levels or in the normal range excluding inflammation of prostate or adnexae. 16.8% of the C3-negative ejaculates showed an elevated PMN-elastase level associated with urethritis anterior and/or posterior caused by STD agents. 80 patients showed elevated C3 levels; 38.8% with elevated coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels. The semiquantitative leucocyte count in the stained smear proved the least sensitive method for verifying an inflammation. Enterococci (55.3%), Mycoplasma (18.8%) and Escherichia coli (16.5) were the dominant pathogens of chronic prostatitis present in number of 10(2) cfu/ml or greater than 10(5) cfu/ml. A correlation to the intensity of the inflammation was not found. These results show how important it is to realise a complete bacteriological examination as well as to determine the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN elastase.
Infection 1991
PMID:Complement C3, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase in the ejaculate in chronic prostato-adnexitis and their diagnostic value. 205 49

Infections by multiple species of bacteria occurred in hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of cultured Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Grossly, hepatopancreases of moribund shrimp were pale white. Light microscopically, hepatopancreatic tubules appeared atrophied and were associated with granulomas. Examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed heavy cytoplasmic infections by three forms of microorganisms: (1) a rickettsia-like bacterium, (2) a helical form of a mollicute-like bacterium, and (3) a filamentous mollicute-like bacterium. The rod-shaped rickettsia (900 nm long by 300 nm wide) appeared to be free in the cytoplasm and had both a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Neither form of mollicute possessed a cell wall. The helical mollicute was blunt at its wide end (about 260 nm in diameter) where it contained electron-lucent bodies. Helical turns along its tapered axis resembled those of a spiroplasma (the only helical form of mycoplasma in the class Mollicutes) or a spirochete. The helical bacterium did not possess periplasmic flagella characteristic of spirochetes, which lends support to its being a type of spiroplasma. The filamentous mollicute consisted of masses of short, branched filaments 60 nm wide with intermittent spherical dilations and terminal blebs on the branches. The presumed mollicutes have not been reported previously in crustaceans. Each bacterium, or concurrent infections of the bacteria, are pathogenic to cultured shrimp, could impact culture operations and thus deserve more study.
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PMID:Rickettsial and mollicute infections in hepatopancreatic cells of cultured Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). 206 76

Infection of C57BL/6J mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP) enhanced NK cell function 3-7 days later, as detected by in vitro and in vivo assays. Moreover, spleen and lung cells of acutely infected C57BL/6J mice inhibited MP growth in vitro. The effectors were eliminated by treatment with anti-NK antibody in vivo and anti-asialo GM1 serum or anti-3A4 antibody plus complement in vitro. Clearance of viable and radiolabeled MP from the lungs was also enhanced in acutely infected mice. Acutely infected mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) eliminated viable MP faster than did uninfected mice. Antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) impaired clearance of MP from the lungs of SCID mice and decreased their survival times. Activated NK cells can function in resistance to early stages of infection with MP. NK cells directly inhibit MP with secrete IFN-gamma, which may activate macrophages or inhibit the growth of MP or both.
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PMID:Resistance to Mycoplasma pulmonis mediated by activated natural killer cells. 214 May 83

The efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin therapy (200 mg 12-hourly) followed, when appropriate, by oral administration of the same dose was evaluated in an open multicentre trial involving 185 patients in 31 French hospitals. Dosage adjustment was made for patients in renal failure. Infection was hospital-acquired in 35 cases, 53 patients required admission to an intensive care unit. The infections comprised septicaemia (n = 56), pneumonia (n = 18), bronchitis (n = 10), urinary tract (n = 78), female pelvis (n = 8), bone and joint (n = 5), skin and soft tissues (n = 10). The causative pathogens were: Staphylococcus spp. (n = 23), Streptococcus spp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 85), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 9), Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Serratia spp. (n = 21), Salmonella spp. (n = 22), Chlamydia spp. (n = 3), Legionella spp. (n = 1), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 1) and miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli (n = 17). All were ofloxacin-susceptible. Mean duration of therapy was 8.06 ( +/- 2.6) days for the i.v. and 14.8 ( +/- 14.39) days for the oral preparation. Clinical cure was achieved in 173 patients (93.5%). It is concluded that iv ofloxacin is an effective treatment for a range of infections due to susceptible organisms.
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PMID:Efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin: a French multicentre trial in 185 patients. 228 86

Alveolar macrophages were collected at necropsy from pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or both and were tested for phagocytic capabilities, using in vitro techniques. Macrophages from noninoculated littermates were used as controls. Alveolar macrophages from pigs inoculated with either M hyopneumoniae or A pleuropneumoniae had significantly (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.0025) higher phagocytic capacity than that of noninoculated controls. Macrophages from A pleuropneumoniae-inoculated pigs were comparatively more stimulated than were those from M hyopneumoniae-inoculated pigs. Pigs inoculated with M hyopneumoniae and then challenge-exposed with A pleuropneumoniae 2 and 4 weeks later had greatly reduced phagocytosis. Infection with M hyopneumoniae or A pleuropneumoniae caused stimulation of alveolar macrophage functions, and M hyopneumoniae infections may have suppressed phagocytic responses when pigs were challenge-exposed with a secondary pathogen (A pleuropneumoniae). This potential suppression may represent a prediposition of the host by M hyopneumoniae to secondary bacterial infections.
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PMID:Effects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae infections on alveolar macrophage functions in swine. 230 32

The susceptibility of HeLa cells to Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced injury was examined. Infections were initiated with relatively low mycoplasma doses, carried out in a culture medium incapable of supporting M. pneumoniae replication in the absence of host cells, and monitored for up to 10 days. Under these conditions, a time- and dose-dependent decline in the number of viable host cells compared with that of uninfected controls was observed. The effect of M. pneumoniae infection on host cell macromolecular synthesis was also evaluated. At high doses of infection, synthesis of both protein and RNA declined rapidly relative to that in control cells. At lower doses there was a biphasic response in protein synthesis, which was substantially lower than that in the uninfected control by day 1 postinfection, returned to control levels by day 4 postinfection, and was again less than that in control cells by day 7 postinfection. In contrast, no transient recovery was observed in RNA synthesis, which declined very gradually over 7 days in infected HeLa cells compared with that in uninfected control cells. The ability of HeLa cells to support the proliferation of M. pneumoniae under these experimental conditions was demonstrated by quantitation of mycoplasma CFU in the nonpermissive medium in the presence or absence of HeLa cells. A negligible increase in the number of M. pneumoniae was observed over 4 days when HeLa cells were absent, while CFU increased by almost 20-fold when M. pneumoniae was cultured in the presence of HeLa cells. The susceptibility and response in macromolecular synthesis in M. pneumoniae-infected HeLa cells differed from that recently described for a nontransformed culture of hamster trachea epithelial cells under the same experimental conditions (Y.-Y. Chen and D.C. Krause, Infect. Immun. 56: 570-576, 1988), underscoring the importance of the choice of host cell for in vitro modeling of M. pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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PMID:Interaction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with HeLa cells. 245 70

Quinolones exhibit partially reduced activity in vitro against genital mycoplasma. Therefore, the morphological response to fleroxacin, a difluorinated quinolone, by Mycoplasma hominis was studied. Even at subinhibitory concentrations the ultrastructural investigations revealed distinct alterations such as cytolysis, vacuole and cell "ghost" formation. The typical dumbbell-shaped cells observed with monofluorinated compounds were not found, which may indicate a qualitatively different mode of action.
Infection
PMID:Morphological response of mycoplasma to fleroxacin. 251 57


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