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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 23 out of 290 perinatal deaths in Addis Ababa, mycoplasma T strains were the only organisms responsible for congenital pneumonia and death. All but 2 of the infants were stillborn, 16 dying during the last six weeks of gestation. Infections apparently occurred through intact fetal membranes.
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PMID:Mycoplasma T strains and perinatal death. 5 32

The mulitplication of the mycoplasma responsible for the "lethargy of coleoptera" on a laboratory host, Drosophila melanogaster, was obtained on the first passage. Independant series of successive passages on D. melanogaster were performed without any apparent modifications of the properties of the microorganism. Pathogenicity for its natural host Melolontha melolontha was retained. The different forms of mycoplasma observed lead us to propose a probable cycle of development, composed of a succession of globular and rod-shaped bodies, these later being often sinuous. The infected Drosophila flies presented a reduced life span and fertility. Infection of the cephalic nervous system seems to be responsible for death. Horizontal transmission of the microorganism was not observed.
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PMID:Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental host for study of multiplication and biology of the mycoplasma inducing the "lethargy of coleoptera". 12 Jan 20

Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods. Occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. Persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well. Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each participant during the surveillance year. Antibody tests were performed for respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects. This finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis. Influence of smoking on illness and infection rates was also examined. Infections were, in general, more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed, suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups. Rates of illness and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals; however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects.
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PMID:The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. VIII. Acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups. 16 65

401 cases of viral pneumonia diagnosed between January 1973 and August 1975 were investigated serologically by the complement-fixation test. The percentage distribution of the responsible pathogenic organism in this series of cases was as follows: influenza virus A 45.9%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 19.5%, Coxsackie B viruses 9.2%, cytomegalovirus 7.5% and Chlamydia psittaci 8.5%. The remaining 9.4% cases were caused by adeno, parainfluenza, measles, influenza B, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. Influenza virus was found mainly in elderly people (mean age 58.4 years), whilst pneumonia due to Mycoplasma occurred mainly in young adults (mean age 24.4 years). Infections with Coxsackie B viruses were almost entirely restriced to the warmer months; by contrast, the influenza virus was usually found in epidemic form and only during a few weeks in winter.
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PMID:[Aetiological studies on viral pneumonia (author's transl)]. 18 13

The association of viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was studied by serologic or isolation techniques in 46 adult men during the five years from 1964 through 1968. Serologic evidence of viral or M. pneumoniae infection was detected in 25% of 166 episodes of exacerbation and 14% of 138 remission periods (P = 0.02). Influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, and coronavirus OC43 predominated; infections with other viruses were infrequent. Infection with M. pneumoniae was detected serologically in four patients, but this organism was never isolated from sputum specimens. Rhinoviruses were isolated from frozen-stored sputum specimens in in 2.7% of the episodes of exacerbation and from 0.55% of the remission intervals (P not significant). These data suggest that although exacerbations of chronic bronchitis may be accompanied by viral and M. pneumoniae infections, patients with chronic bronchitis also acquire such infections without a worsening of their respiratory status.
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PMID:Infections with viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 20 30

Exogenous cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP decreased the relative ciliary activity values of tracheal organ cultures. In contrast, theophylline and cholera toxin were not ciliostatic. The use of a radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP indicated that all of the tested substances increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels to some extent (from 3-fold for cholera toxin to almost 40-fold for dibutyryl cyclic AMP). Physical inactivation of explants by either freeze-thaw or heat destroyed all ciliary activity and greatly decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Cyclic AMP levels of explants remained relatively constant during in vitro cultivation. Three strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were found to contain extremely low amounts of cyclic AMP. Infection of tracheal explants produced a significant decrease in relative ciliary activity, but only a slight decline in organ-culture cyclic AMP levels.
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PMID:Effect of in vitro cultivation and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on intracellular cyclic AMP levels in hamster tracheal organ cultures. 22 70

In this study the presence of Mycoplasma species in patients suffering from infertility was examined. 41 women and 37 men were examined, including 31 couples, and ten single women and six single men. Samples of vaginal and cervical mucus were taken from each woman, and samples of seminal fluid from each man. Identification and typing of the organisms were performed on the basis of microscopic and cultural characteristics and inhibition of growth by specific antibodies. Out of the 78 patients examined, 35 harboured Mycoplasma, either as Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis. Further investigation is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
Infection 1977
PMID:Isolation of mycoplasma species from infertile patients: an epidemiological contribution. 32

Erythema multiforme (EM) is clinically characterized by a "minor" form and a "major" form. The latter is known as the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Infections (particularly herpes simplex and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) and drugs seem to predispose toward the development of EM. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. The treatment is supportive. Prognosis varies with the severity of the eruption. Recurrences are commonly seen.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. 34 87

The frequency of Legionnaires' disease among 586 cases of pneumonia that occurred in Iowa between fiscal years 1972 and 1977 was studied retrospectively on the basis of paired sera. The frequency of confirmed Legionnaires' disease was 4.1% and of presumptive Legionnaires' disease was 11.4%. Infections with the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium were most frequent in the summer. Of the 22% of pneumonias for which a cause could be defined, Legionnaires' disease was third in frequency behind Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza A virus infections. Infections with the LD bacterium occurred in association with pneumonias in most age groups. The youngest patient with LD infection was a 5-year-old boy with pneumonia. The disease occurred 3.2 times more often in males than in females. In males, the frequency of confirmed and presumptive Legionnaires' disease increased steadily to plateau after the fourth decade at about 12% and 28%, respectively. In females the frequency of presumptive Legionnaires' disease was 7% to 16%, relatively evenly distributed over all age groups. Pneumonias associated with LD bacterium infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonias in most age groups.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease in pneumonia patients in Iowa. A retrospective seroepidemiologic study, 1972-1977. 43 44

In an effort to further delineate the mechanism of infection and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, the hamster and guinea pigs were used as experimental models. These animals were chosen because of previous experience. The local antibody response in addition to organism growth patterns were examined in detail. Histological examination was carried out to determine the pathological lesions which occur. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Infection 1976
PMID:Response of guinea pigs and hamsters to experimental infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 78 45


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