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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient named as a contact by an individual with gonorrhea and syphilis was found to be an asymptomatic carrier of seven organisms known to be transmitted sexually. Cultures were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Herpes simplex virus. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected by a wet preparation and the Papanicolaou smear. The cervix was found to have an ulcer on the posterior lip that yielded Herpes simplex on culture. Although the venereal disease reaction level (VDRL) and the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption tests (FTA-ABS) were negative, and treponemes were not identified on dark-field microscopy, a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction on this patient raised the possibility that she also had incubating syphilis.
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PMID:Infection with multiple sexually transmitted agents. 357 62

The tetracyclines are effective in the treatment of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and rickettsial infections and may also be used for gonococcal infections in patients unable to tolerate penicillins. These drugs may cause gastrointestinal irritation, photo-toxic dermatitis, diarrhea, vestibular damage, and hepatotoxicity in pregnant women. Chloramphenicol is used primarily for anaerobic infections, Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and typhoid fever. The most important toxic effect of chloramphenicol is bone marrow suppression, which can be dose related or idiosyncratic. Erythromycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of infections caused by M. pneumoniae, Legionella species, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The frequency of serious untoward effects associated with the use of erythromycin is low; epigastric distress may occur. Clindamycin is active against Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic microorganisms. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis has developed in as many as 10% of patients taking this drug. The use of clindamycin should be discontinued promptly if diarrhea occurs.
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PMID:Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin. 365 8

To determine the microbiological causes of pelvic inflammatory disease, 43 women with acute salpingitis (AS) and 160 controls were studied. Amongst AS women there were significantly higher endocervical isolation rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (54% vs 6%), Chlamydia trachomatis (40% vs 13%), Mycoplasma hominis (60% vs 19%), enterobacteria (26% vs 11%) and anaerobic bacteria (58% vs 29%). A polymicrobial pathogenic endocervical flora was present in both gonococcal and non-gonococcal AS. Laparoscopic sampling of the fallopian tubes rarely provided useful microbiological data but did reveal the inaccuracy of clinical diagnosis of AS. Thirty-four male consorts of AS women were investigated; 20 had gonorrhoea and 27 had non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). A high proportion of infected men had asymptomatic gonorrhoea (35%) and/or asymptomatic NGU (56%). These findings had implications for the management of AS.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiological investigation of women with acute salpingitis and their consorts. 374 14

This paper outline the treatments of choice for sexually transmitted infections. Current treatment recommendations for gonorrhea reflect the emergence of tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the increasing prevalence of penicillinase-producing strains that are resistant to penicillin. A single dose of amoxicillin is highly effectice against urethral or cervical gonorrhea caused by penicillin-susceptible strains; also effective is a new agent, ceftriaxone. However, neither of these agents is effective against Chlamydia trachomatis infection, which is present in about 45% of patients with gonorrhea. Thus, many clinicians also treat gonorrhea patients with a 7-day course of tetracycline or doxycycline, as recommended for treatment of Chlamydia. Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease should include antimicrobial agents active against all possible etiologic organisms: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, facultative enteric gram-negative bacilli, and various anaerobic bacteria. Vaginal infections are best treated by making an etiologic diagnosis by microscopic examination of the discharge and then treating with the appropriate microbials. Metronidazole remains the treatment of choice for trichomoniasis; however, this drug is contraindicated during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Parenteral penicillin G remains the drug of choice for treating all stages of syphilis. A table provides concise information on the drug of choice, dosage, and alternative treatments for the most common sexually transmitted diseases.
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PMID:Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. 375 31

Rosaramicin is a macrolide antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and the genital mycoplasmas Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Its efficacy in the treatment of genital infections was evaluated and compared with that of single-dose ampicillin plus probenecid in women with known, or suspected, uncomplicated gonococcal infection. Isolation rates for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M. hominis were 72%, 44%, 95%, and 65%, respectively. Rosaramicin cured 24 (89%) of 27 gonococcal infections and 11 (92%) of 12 chlamydial infections. It transiently reduced the carriage of U. urealyticum but had little effect on carriage of M. hominis. Rosaramicin may be of value in the treatment of concurrent gonococcal and chlamydial infections when tetracycline is contraindicated.
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PMID:Women at risk for gonorrhea: comparison of rosaramicin and ampicillin plus probenecid in the eradication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas. 389 Feb 23

The vaginal pH, microbial flora and presence of clue cells were investigated in 89 women who were seen at a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a vaginal discharge or because they were contacts of men with gonococcal or non-gonococcal urethritis or because they were seeking a routine examination. None of the women had received antibiotics for at least 4 weeks before examination. A clinically normal vaginal secretion was found in 21 (55%) of 38 women who had a vaginal pH of 5.0-5.5, while such a secretion was found in only 7 (14%) of 51 women who had a pH value of 6.0-7.5. Clue cells, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were found two to three times more often in women with the higher pH value than in those with the lower value and Ureaplasma urealyticum and Trichomonas vaginalis also occurred more frequently in the former group. Furthermore, large numbers of M. hominis organisms (greater than or equal to 10(6) colour changing units/ml) were associated significantly with the higher pH value. However, there was no appreciable difference in the distribution of Candida albicans between the two groups. C. trachomatis but not the other micro-organisms was isolated most often from women who were taking oral contraceptives. The results indicate that a pH of greater than or equal to 6.0 is strongly predictive of infection and may be more useful than the type of discharge in suggesting a need for confirmatory microbiological tests.
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PMID:The relation between vaginal pH and the microbiological status in vaginitis. 391 80

This study examined the effects Mycoplasma hominis might have on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Two auxotype standard strains of N. gonorrhoeae were found by culture and by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy to be contaminated with M. hominis. In the presence of M. hominis, these strains of N. gonorrhoeae were typed as prototrophic. Removal of the mycoplasmas by passage of the N. gonorrhoeae on serum-free medium resulted in a second change in growth requirements rather than a reversion to the initial auxotypes. For one of these gonococcal strains, the presence of M. hominis also coincided with a change in colonial morphology and the appearance of a 2.6 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid, changes which persisted after the mycoplasmas had been eliminated from the culture of N. gonorrhoeae. The plasmid was not detected in a pure culture of the M. hominis strain or when it and the N. gonorrhoeae strain were intentionally co-cultivated. While these findings cannot be fully explained, they emphasize the importance of ensuring that all strains of N. gonorrhoeae used for in vitro studies are free of mycoplasmas.
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PMID:Effects of Mycoplasma hominis on in-vitro studies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 392 3

In 95 women with a provisional diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease, a final diagnosis of acute salpingitis was confirmed by laparoscopy in 46 and 10 had strong clinical evidence of acute salpingitis. The findings in the remaining 39 patients without signs of acute salpingitis by laparoscopy were used as a standard of reference. Criteria for the diagnosis of possible mycoplasmal salpingitis were tentatively defined as the isolation of Mycoplasma hominis from the cervix together with positive test results for M hominis antibodies (a titre of greater than or equal to 1/1280 or a change in titre, or both); these criteria were fulfilled in 12 patients with acute salpingitis. A positive correlation between mycoplasmal salpingitis and chlamydial salpingitis or gonococcal salpingitis, or both, was significant. Mycoplasmal salpingitis was not associated with any characteristic clinical feature different from those of patients with non-mycoplasmal salpingitis. Our findings do not support the view that M hominis is an important primary pathogen in acute salpingitis.
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PMID:Importance of Mycoplasma hominis in acute salpingitis assessed by culture and serological tests. 400 61

NYC medium, primarily designed for isolation of pathogenic Neisseria, also readily supports the growth of large-colony mycoplasmas and T-mycoplasmas. When compared with A-3 agar medium and PPLO agar in clinical field trials, NYC medium performed equally as well as these mycoplasma-specific media in providing recovery of Mycoplasma species from female genital specimens. The transparent, highly-selective NYC medium permits direct, microscopic observation and presumptive identification of mycoplasmas, as well as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, without interference from contaminating saprophytes. As a single medium it can therefore be doubly useful in the diagnosis of gonorrhea and in the recognition of active or asymptomatic mycoplasma infections. Used in gonorrhea screening programs, the medium can be valuable in establishing the frequency of association of mycoplasmas with urogenital tract infection.
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PMID:NYC medium for simultaneous isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, large-colony mycoplasmas, and T-mycoplasmas. 420 37

Factors relating to colonization by Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasms were studied in 757 women. Urethral and vaginal cultures were obtained from each participant. Mycoplasmal colonization was more prevelent among black women studied at Boston City Hospital (compared with private office) and among women using oral contraceptives. Colonization with M. Hominis was also associated with examination early in the menstrual cycle. Colonization with both organisms was more prevalent among women who had gonorrhea. There was no association between mycoplasmal colonization and age, parity pregnancy, prior abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight infant, age at conception of first pregnancy, abnormal vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, pruritus, history of syphilis, pelvic inflamatory disease, and number of years of formal education.
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PMID:Colonization with genital mycoplasmas in women. 469 45


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