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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma hominis and T-colony mycoplasmas were observed growing among or developing within gonococcal colonies on primary isolation plates streaked for detection of N. gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens. The frequency of such association of mycoplasmas with gonococci was as high as 84% among patients screened for gonorrhea in several Social Hygiene Clinics of the City of New York, Department of Health, Bureau of Venereal Disease Control. The individual morphology of both mycoplasmal and gonococcal colonies was characteristic when viewed through the light microscope, and their associated growth was maintained throughout numerous serial transfers on agar culture media. Electron microscopy of such interrelated colonies revealed nipple-like projections on the gonococcal cell walls, to which the mycoplasmas appeared to be firmly attached. These morphologic observations are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Morphologic observations of mycoplasmas and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in associated growth patterns. 4 28

Of 377 men attending clinics for the treatment of sexually transmitted disease, 104 had gonococcal urethritis, 72 had definite nongonococcal urethritis, 53 had possible nongonococcal urethritis, and 123 had no urethritis. A purulent urethral discharge was noted in 78% and 14% of patients with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively (P less than 0.001). In contrast, 4% and 64% of men with gonococcal urethritis and definite nongonococcal urethritis, respectively, had a clear urethral discharge (P less than 0.001). Black men with urethritis were more likely to have gonococcal infection, whereas white men were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Homosexual and bisexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have gonorrhea, whereas heterosexual white men with urethritis were more likely to have nongonococcal urethritis. Heterosexual men were more likely than homosexual men to be colonized with Ureaplasma urealyticum. There were no differences in the rates of colonization with Mycoplasma hominis among heterosexual and homosexual men.
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PMID:Clinical and microbiological investigation of men with urethritis. 10 54

Men and women who came to clinics in Boston underwent pharyngeal examinations, and pharyngeal specimens were obtained for cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Fifty-one (4.9%) of 1,037 participants had gonococcal pharyngeal infection. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were recovered from the pharynges of 149 (14.3%) and 154 (14.8%) of 1,044 participants, respectively. The history of ever having performed fellatio was associated with pharyngeal infection with N. gonorrhoeae (P less than 0.02), M. hominis (P less than 0.05), and U. urealyticum (P less than 0.006). A history of fellatio was also associated with a history of a recent sore throat. There was, however, no association between pharyngeal infection with N. gonorrhoeae, M. hominis, or U. urealyticum and a recent sore throat. Cunnilingus was not associated with symptoms or signs or pharyngitis or with the isolation of gonococci or genital mycoplasmas from the pharynx. The pharyngitis associated with fellatio remains a microbiologic enigma.
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PMID:Orogenital contact and the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum from the pharynx. 11 97

Gonorrhea is the most frequent bacterial infection as well as the most frequently reported venereal disease. Nongonococcal urethritis has approximately the same incidence as acute gonorrhea in cases reported by many venereal disease clinics. The relative epidemiology of the two diseases, as well as their acute and chronic manifestations in the male genital tract (urethritis, prostatitis, and epididymitis), will be briefly discussed. Resultant obstructions of the lower genitourinary tract of possible consequence to male fertility, such as urethral stricture disease and strictures of the ejaculatory ducts, are described in terms of anatomy, pathophysiology, and treatment. The postulated and demonstrable effects of infectious agents on seminal fluid and sperm are reviewed, with emphasis on the recent literature concerning Chlamydia and Mycoplasma.
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PMID:Male reproductive tract sequelae of gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis. 11

Chlamydia trachomartis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42%) of 113 men with nongonococcal uethritis (NGU), 4 (7%) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19%) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trachomatis. In 9 of 17 culture-positive seronegative patients with NGU or PGU, serum antibody to C. trachomatis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients, chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, mycolpasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomanas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and 2 of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.
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PMID:Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. 16 7

The possible aetiological factors in non-gonococcal and non-specific urethritis are reviewed. The response of NSU to various courses of different tetracycline drugs is assessed. Prolonged courses of treatment did not give better results than shorter courses. When reviewing the infective aetiology of non-gonococcal urethritis, it was noted that more than one organism (or potential pathogen) would be present in many cases. It is therefore surmised that there may be at times a mixed aetiology and at other times a truly non-specific aetiology. Isolations by different workers have indicated that the following organisms might be expected: Chlamydia 40 per cent.; Mycoplasma-M. hominis 20 per cent., T-strain over 60 per cent.; Trichomonas 15 per cent.; Candida possibly over 5 per cent. Truly non-specific urethritis may account for 25 to 30 per cent. of cases.
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PMID:Non-specific urethritis and the tetracyclines. 109 44

We report the results of several trials aimed at evaluating the quinolones in urogenital infections. In Chlamydia trachomatis infections, ofloxacin (200 mg b.i.d. for 10 days) gave a cure rate of 98% (n = 66), and fleroxacin (400 mg s.i.d. for 7 days) provided a cure rate of 89% (n = 19). A double-blind study comparing fleroxacin (600 mg s.i.d.) to doxycycline (100 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days showed similar high cure rates for both regimens (100%; n = 23). In Mycoplasma hominis infections, ofloxacin (200 mg b.i.d. for 10 days) yielded a cure rate of 86% (n = 50) for M. hominis and 55% (n = 43) for Ureaplasma urealyticum. Gonococcal infections (n = 122) were all cured by a single dose of 200 mg ofloxacin. Both ofloxacin and fleroxacin were well tolerated and may be recommended for patients with chlamydial or uncomplicated gonococcal infections, although 600 mg fleroxacin showed a higher incidence of adverse events compared to doxycycline.
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PMID:Quinolones as an alternative treatment of chlamydial, mycoplasma and gonococcal urogenital infections. 142 25

Approximately 50% of cases of nongonococcal urethritis reported among men are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Other pathogens implicated in the bacterial etiology of nongonococcal urethritis that occur independently or concurrently with gonorrhea include Ureaplasma urealyticum and species of Mycoplasma, including Mycoplasma hominis. The etiology of up to half of the cases, however, remains uncertain. Historically, C. trachomatis genital infections have been difficult to diagnose because of the need for expensive cell-culture methods that are technically difficult and produce delayed results. In addition, women with nongonococcal cervicitis/mucopurulent cervicitis are frequently asymptomatic except for vaginal discharge. Nongonococcal urethritis may also be asymptomatic in men. Increased morbidity is associated with unidentified and untreated C. trachomatis infections, especially in women and children. Currently, the Centers for Disease Control recommends that all patients diagnosed with nongonococcal urethritis, nongonococcal cervicitis, or gonorrhea--along with their sexual partners--receive adequate antimicrobial therapy that includes antimicrobial activity against chlamydiae. A tetracycline antibiotic is most commonly recommended. However, tetracyclines have variable in vitro activity against U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma species. New antibiotic therapy options with broader antimicrobial coverage are needed for the management of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis.
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PMID:Fluoroquinolones for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis/cervicitis. 166 87

The fluoroquinolones represent a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of many sexually transmitted diseases, especially those caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Urea-plasma urealyticum. In vitro studies have demonstrated the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC90s) of temafloxacin for these pathogens to be less than 0.03 micrograms/mL for N. gonorrhoeae; 0.25 micrograms/mL for C. trachomatis; 0.125-2 micrograms/mL for M. hominis; and 4 micrograms/mL for U. urealyticum. These concentrations are equal to or less than those achievable in plasma following a 400-mg temafloxacin oral dose given twice daily. Based on temafloxacin's antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetic profile, it appears to be an excellent agent for the treatment of patients with gonococcal or nongonococcal urethritis and/or cervicitis.
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PMID:In vitro activity of temafloxacin against pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases. 166 91

In vitro studies have demonstrated that an intact latex condom provides an effective barrier against several sexually transmitted pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 2, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, and mycoplasma. This paper discusses some of the major advances and critical issues which should be incorporated in condom program design and implementation. The authors drew extensively from their experience with Family Health International's AIDSTECH Project with 21 targeted HIV prevention programs in 14 African countries. The programs are designed primarily to reach high-risk behavior groups among whom the virus is most prevalent. The authors observe from their work that a number of social, economic, political, and cultural obstacles impede greater condom use in Africa; private sector initiatives which recruit members of target populations to be key personnel in project implementation show promise for reaching high-risk behavior groups; condom logistics systems remain a weak link in condom distribution programs; rising costs and inadequate sources of latex condoms are problematic; and alternatives to the male latex condom could be commercially available by 1992. Sections discuss barriers to condom use, new approaches in condom distribution, condom quality assurance, condom costs and economics, and technological advances in condoms.
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PMID:Condom issues in AIDS prevention in Africa. 166 18


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