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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tuberculosis has been reported previously in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are at increased risk of prior infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We performed a population-based study of AIDS and tuberculosis in San Francisco using the Tuberculosis and AIDS Registries of the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Of 287 cases of tuberculosis in non-Asian-born males 15 to 60 yr of age reported from 1981 through 1985, 35 (12%) also had AIDS, including 23 American-born whites. Patients with tuberculosis and AIDS were more likely to be nonwhite and heterosexual intravenous drug users than were AIDS patients without tuberculosis. Fifty-one percent had tuberculosis diagnosed before AIDS, and 37 percent had AIDS diagnosed at least 1 month prior to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Although the lungs were the most frequent site of tuberculosis in both AIDS and non-AIDS patients, 60% of the AIDS group had at least 1 extrapulmonary site of disease compared to 28% of the non-AIDS group (p less than 0.001). Nonsignificant tuberculin skin tests were more common in AIDS patients (14 of 23 patients tested) than in non-AIDS patients (12 of 129 patients tested; p less than 0.0001). Chest radiographs in AIDS patients showed predominantly diffuse or miliary infiltrates (60%), whereas non-AIDS patients had predominantly focal infiltrates and/or cavitation (68%). Response to antituberculosis therapy was favorable in AIDS patients, although adverse drug reactions occurred more frequently than in non-AIDS patients (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinical features, response to therapy, and survival. 363 30

Fifty-four patients meeting strict criteria for invasive pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex have been treated and followed at San Antonio State Chest Hospital during the past 15 yr. Chemotherapy with standard antituberculosis drugs was successful in effecting sputum conversion in 32 (59%) of the 54 patients. Regimens containing 2 drugs were successful in only 1 of 10 patients. If 3 or more drugs were given, 91% of those with moderately advanced cavitary disease and 64% of those with far advanced disease responded. There was no correlation between sputum conversion and use of a drug to which the organism exhibited susceptibility in vitro. No particular drug or combination of drugs was uniquely effective.
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PMID:Medical therapy of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pulmonary disease. 375 99

The dapsone sensitivity of strains of Mycobacterium leprae from 54 multibacilliferous untreated leprosy patients presenting to the United States Public Health Service Hospital in San Francisco, California, U.S.A., from 1978 to 1981 was studied by mouse foot pad inoculation. M. leprae from 53 patients were found fully sensitive to dapsone. M. leprae from one patient were resistant to only the lowest dietary level of dapsone, 0.0001%, since growth of the bacilli was inhibited by higher and clinically easily achievable levels. Mouse plasma dapsone levels confirmed the reliability of the drug-containing diets.
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PMID:Primary dapsone-resistant leprosy in San Francisco. 639 67

An acridinium ester-labeled DNA probe (AccuProbe; Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex gave discrepant results with the newly described species M. celatum. Examination of 20 strains of M. celatum showed that 8 were positive with the probe; the remaining 12 were negative.
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PMID:Cross-reactivity of genetic probe for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with newly described species Mycobacterium celatum. 751 98

A prospective 2-month trial involving 617 respiratory tract specimens was conducted to compare sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the newly developed Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test kit (AMTDT; Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of fluorescent acid-fast staining versus combined BACTEC 12B and solid-medium cultures as the "gold standard." A total of 590 specimens were culture and AMTDT negative. Twenty-one (3.4%) cultures yielded M. tuberculosis. Of these, 15 (71.4%) were detected by AMTDT, whereas 6 (28.6%) were missed. M. tuberculosis did not grow in six (28.6%) of AMTDT-positive specimens derived from three patients under treatment for tuberculosis. AMTDT exhibited a sensitivity, a specificity, a negative predictive value, and a positive predictive value of 71.4, 99, 99, and 71.4%, respectively. In comparison, the same values for fluorescent microscopy were 66.7, 98.3, 98.8, and 58.3%, respectively. AMTDT was easy to perform and highly specific. However, a screening test would require an improved sensitivity and, when feasible, the implementation of an internal amplification control.
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PMID:Screening of respiratory tract specimens for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test. 752 56

Mycobacterium xenopi and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are biochemically similar. To define the laboratory characteristics of M. xenopi that distinguish it from MAC, 53 M. xenopi isolates from different areas in the United States and 47 isolates recovered at one hospital were evaluated by 13 biochemical tests, AccuProbe MAC (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), colony morphology, formation of X-colonies, pigmentation in response to light, growth on MacConkey agar without crystal violet, and relative growth rates at 25 degrees C, 36 degrees C, and 45 degrees C on solid media. Relative growth rates of 10 M. xenopi and 11 MAC isolates were measured at 25 degrees C, 36 degrees C, and 42 degrees C in Middlebrook broth processed using the BACTEC TB System. Ten M. xenopi were tested for p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone inhibition at 36 degrees C and 42 degrees C. Reevaluation of 81 isolates previously identified as MAC by biochemical tests alone revealed that two were M. xenopi. The most reliable characteristics distinguishing M. xenopi from MAC were the presence of X-colonies (M. xenopi 97% vs MAC 1%), positive 3-day arylsulfatase (M. xenopi 88% vs MAC 1%), growth at 25 degrees C (M. xenopi 0% vs MAC 100%), and AccuProbe MAC test results (M. xenopi 0% hybridized). Retrospective chart review of 37 patients using American Thoracic Society criteria revealed that six (16%) patients had clinically important isolates. At one of our hospitals M. xenopi was the second most common mycobacterial species isolated for 1990-1992, accounting for 27% of all isolates, whereas at our other hospital it accounted for 1% of isolates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Laboratory and clinical evaluation of Mycobacterium xenopi isolates. 755 1

During a period of 11 yr (1983-1993) 137 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium simiae obtained from 75 patients were identified in a University hospital in San Antonio, Texas. One hundred twenty-eight isolates (93%) were from a pulmonary source, four (3%) from blood, and five from other sites including skin, urine, lymph node, bone marrow, and brain. Of 62 evaluable patients, six (10%) had definite infection, nine (14%) had probable disease, and 48 (76%) were thought to be colonized. During the last 2 yr of the study (1992 and 1993), M. simiae became the second most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacterium at this institution surpassed only by Mycobacterium avium complex. There are limited data about effective treatment for this multidrug-resistant organism. New macrolides, quinolones, ethambutol, clofazimine, and aminoglycosides are promising therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium simiae in San Antonio, Texas. An 11-yr review. 758 93

Nucleic acid probes (Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.) can be used to identify mycobacteria in BACTEC 12B broth cultures prior to detection of growth on solid media. We developed an algorithm that can be used to make an initial choice of a probe (either Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex [MTB] or M. avium complex [MAC]) for use in testing respiratory specimens. The algorithm was based on both the fluorochrome smear result of the concentrated specimen and the time from inoculation until the BACTEC 12B broth culture is flagged (growth index 10) as presumptively positive. The MTB probe is used first for all 4+ smear specimens, 3+ smear specimens positive in 5 days, 2+ and 1+ smear specimens positive in 7 days, and smear-negative specimens positive in 11 days. The MAC probe is used for all other specimens. The algorithm is used when other information about the culture (e.g., previous positive cultures and colonial morphology of growth on solid media) is unknown. Use of the algorithm to probe 102 respiratory BACTEC 12B broth cultures (35 with MTB; 1 with MTB, MAC, and M. gordonae; 47 with MAC; and 19 with other mycobacterial species) from 1 September through 30 November 1992 resulted in the initial use of the MTB probe for 35 (97%) of the cultures positive for MTB and the use of the MAC probe for 35 (73%) of the cultures positive for MAC. Use of the algorithm aided in the efficient use of laboratory resources without delaying the time to identification of MTB isolates.
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PMID:Algorithm for use of nucleic acid probes for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis from BACTEC 12B bottles. 766 76

Chemiluminescent acridinium ester-labelled (AE)-DNA probes (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) were evaluated using 184 mycobacterial isolates cultured in BACTEC 12B vials (Becton Dickinson and Co., Towson, Md.). A 1.5 mL aliquot from BACTEC 12B vials containing acid-fast bacilli and a Growth Index of > 200 was concentrated 15-fold using a centrifugation step prior to performing the test procedure. When 184 mycobacterial isolates were tested (42MTBC/142 nontuberculous mycobacteria) using the AE-MTBC probe, there was 100% sensitivity and specificity when compared with conventional identification procedures. Criteria for using the AE-MAC probe were defined to optimize results whilst minimizing laboratory costs. Ninety-one (64%) of AE-MTBC probe negative isolates failed to meet selection criteria and were not tested. When 51 (36%) of the AE-MTBC-probe negative mycobacterial isolates were tested, the AE-MAC probe was found to be 88% sensitive and 100% specific. The non-isotopic Gen-Probe test is a rapid and practical alternative to current procedures for differentiation of mycobacteria.
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PMID:Rapid identification of mycobacteria by the Gen-Probe Accuprobe system. 826 55

Molecular epidemiologic approaches have provided important insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of tuberculosis. However, continued progress in this field will be reliant on the development of computerized information management systems capable of analyzing large numbers of bacterial DNA fingerprints and incorporating this with data collected as part of conventional disease surveillance. The specific attributes of these computer systems must be tailored to the nature and scope of the research question. In this article, the authors describe a system being used for the surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in San Francisco. The current performance characteristics are described, and potential future developmental directions are outlined. This system demonstrates several general principles of computerized molecular epidemiology that are likely to be of increasing applicability to a variety of pathogens.
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PMID:A computer-assisted molecular epidemiologic approach to confronting the reemergence of tuberculosis. 857 81


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