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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Identification of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) directly from primary BACTEC cultures was evaluated by using acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes (AccuProbe; GenProbe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). In preliminary experiments, blood present in samples was found to interfere with the assay because of nonspecific chemiluminescence, which was measured in relative light units (RLUs). There was a direct relationship between the age of the culture and the number of nonspecific RLUs. A protocol using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-5 mM EDTA to treat BACTEC broth cultures which, with specimens containing blood, gave on the average a ninefold reduction in nonspecific chemiluminescence was developed. By using this treatment protocol, 120 specimens were tested directly from BACTEC broth cultures with an AccuProbe for the M. tuberculosis complex and/or the MAC. In order to establish the background of the specimen, the patient sample was assayed without probe. The criteria for the inclusion of BACTEC cultures in the evaluation were a growth index of greater than or equal to 100 and a positive smear for acid-fast bacilli directly from the BACTEC broth. For the 120 cultures tested, if a hybridization result of greater than or equal to 30,000 RLUs was considered positive, the sensitivities for detecting the M. tuberculosis complex and the MAC were 47 and 90%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both. However, if a ratio of the RLUs obtained with the MAC or the M. tuberculosis complex probe to those obtained with the specimen background of >/= 20 was considered positive, this gave 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity for BACTEC cultures containing M. tuberculosis complex isolates and 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity for those growing MAC isolates.
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PMID:Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare directly from primary BACTEC cultures by using acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes. 140 Oct 10

Commercial chemiluminescent DNA probes (Accuprobe; Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.) for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, M. avium complex (MAC), M. gordonae, and M. kansasii were evaluated with 134 clinical isolates. These included 36 MTB complex, 40 MAC, 27 M. gordonae, 9 M. kansasii, and 22 Mycobacterium spp. The specificity was 100% for the four probes. The sensitivity was 100% for the MTB complex and M. gordonae probes and 95.2% for the MAC probe. Five of the nine M. kansasii isolates tested were not detected with the probe.
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PMID:Evaluation of nonradioactive DNA probes for identification of mycobacteria. 140 Oct 20

Two hundred mycobacterial cultures were used to evaluate two alkaline-phosphatase-labeled DNA probe (SNAP) kits developed by Syngene (San Diego, CA) for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium complex. The M. tuberculosis complex SNAP probe, when compared with standard biochemical identification tests, gave results that were in agreement at 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity. Ninety-nine M. avium complex strains that were previously tested by the Gen-Probe M. avium complex probe assays and mycolic acid analysis were included to evaluate the M. avium complex SNAP assay which contained three probes, A (avium), I (intracellulare), and X. Eight strains identified as members of the M. avium complex by biochemical tests did not react with the three SNAP probes. These strains were also negative by the Gen-Probe assays. However, 23 strains identified as M. avium complex by biochemical tests and mycolic acid analysis and negative with the Gen-Probe assays gave positive results with the X probe and negative results with the A and I probes of the SNAP assay.
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PMID:Evaluation of Syngene DNA-DNA probe assays for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the Mycobacterium avium complex. 147 47

Isolates of Mycobacterium avium serotypes 4 and 8 originating from patients with AIDS in New York City, Los Angeles, or San Francisco were further characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Reference strains used to produce typing antisera were also examined. Thirty-one electrophoretic types (ETs) were found among 58 isolates of serotype 4, while 10 ETs were identified among 21 isolates of serotype 8. One major ET was found within each serotype, and these two ETs were closely related, separated by a genetic distance of only 0.05. Six ETs were found in more than one city. In four cases, isolates of serotypes 4 and 8 shared the same ET. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in combination with serotyping should be helpful in locating the specific infection sources of these commonly isolated opportunistic pathogens.
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PMID:Characterization of isolates of Mycobacterium avium serotypes 4 and 8 from patients with AIDS by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. 162 66

The Mycobacterium gordonae Rapid Diagnostic System (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity as well as for its application in the mycobacteriology laboratory. An 125I-labeled cDNA probe complementary to rRNA was employed. Hybridization of greater than or equal to 10% was considered positive. A total of 218 mycobacterial isolates, including 159 isolates of M. gordonae, were tested. Under optimum conditions, the specificity and sensitivity of the probe were 100 and 98.7%, respectively. A number of discrepancies were observed between the probe and conventional biochemical results in one laboratory. Further studies, designed to resolve these discrepancies, revealed a number of potential technical pitfalls. Hybridization incubation temperatures that varied from the manufacturer's recommended optimum, culture suspensions below the density of a no. 1 McFarland nephelometer standard, and extended storage times of culture suspension all adversely affected the final hybridization values. Additionally, it was determined that in one laboratory incorrect functioning of the sonicator caused false-negative hybridization values. The manufacturer's recommendations should be strictly followed, and the performance of the sonicator should be checked on a scheduled basis. Results show that the probe will allow fast and accurate identification of M. gordonae, thus eliminating time-consuming biochemical testing of this organism.
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PMID:Identification of Mycobacterium gordonae from culture by the Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System: evaluation of 218 isolates and potential sources of false-negative results. 137 75

Commercial DNA hybridization assays (Syngene, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) utilizing alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium complex (MAC) were evaluated with 261 isolates of mycobacteria. On the basis of biochemical criteria, the test for MAC was 98% specific and more sensitive (95 of 99, 95%) than Gen-Probe (88 of 99, 89% sensitivity); the major difference in sensitivity noted between the two systems was related to the hybridization of seven MAC strains to the SNAP X probe. The M. tuberculosis complex probe correctly identified all 62 isolates of M. tuberculosis and all 11 isolates of M. bovis, for a sensitivity of 100%. There were two discrepant reactions with mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis complex isolates.
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PMID:Genotypic identification of pathogenic Mycobacterium species by using a nonradioactive oligonucleotide probe. 190 12

DNA probe testing for Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) was performed using Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif., U.S.A.). By DNA probe test carried out blindfold for 48 mycobacterial strains with code numbers obtained from Kyoto University (Prof. F. Kuze), 13, 7, and 5 strains were identified as to be M. avium, M. intracellulare, and MTC, respectively. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of this testing were 100%. In this experiment, % hybridization of M. avium complex (MAC) and MTC were 25-55% and 45-52%, respectively. DNA probe test for 54 MTC strains including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum and M. microti revealed that 53 strains, except for one strain donated as a niacin-negative M. tuberculosis, reacted with MTC probe but not with MAC-probes. The one exceptional strain reacted with both the MTC- and M. avium-probes. However, when ten colonies randomly isolated from this strain on 7H11 agar plate were subjected to the DNA probe test again, all of these colonies reacted with M. avium probe, but not with MTC probe. Moreover, one representative colony was found to have alpha-antigen specific for the MAC.
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PMID:[Identification of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System]. 190 65

Various mycobacterial species (22 species, 178 strains) were studied for their reactivity to DNA probe specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), M. avium or M. intracellulare, using Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif., U.S.A.). All the MTC strains, including M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. bovis and M. microti reacted with MTC-DNA probe at the % hybridization value of 42.8-51.9% (values higher than 10% are regarded as positive), but their reactivity to MAC-DNA probes (0.8-2.5%) was under the cut off value (10%). The test strains (28 strains) of M. avium complex (MAC) segregated into two groups on the basis of reactivity to DNA probes specific for M. avium and M. intracellulare, that is, one group (16 strains) positively reacted with M. avium-probe but not with M. intracellulare-probe, and the other group (12 strains) showed the converse reactivity. The two groups did not show a reactivity with MTC-probe higher than the cut off value. Nontuberculous mycobacteria other than MAC, including M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. simiae, M. asiaticum, M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. szulgai, M. malmoense, M. xenopi, M. gastri, M. nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, M. triviale, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae (subsp. abscessus and chelonae) reacted with neither MTC- nor MAC-probe and values for % hybridization (0.6-3.6%) were lower than the cut off value. These findings indicate extremely superior specificity of the DNA probes (Gen-Probe) for MTC, M. avium and M. intracellulare, thereby indicating the usefulness of Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the MTC and MAC in clinical use.
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PMID:[Reactivities of various mycobacteria species against DNA probes (Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System) specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare]. 194 22

Three reference and 16 field strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were tested with the Gen-Probe Mycobacterium avium complex DNA probe (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.). All reference strains and 12 of 16 field strains gave positive hybridization results with the probe. This study shows that the M. avium complex probe does not distinguish between M. avium and M. paratuberculosis and indicates heterogeneity in the 16S rRNA gene of M. paratuberculosis.
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PMID:Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the Mycobacterium avium complex does not distinguish between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 171 27

To determine the utility of bone marrow examination for the diagnosis of opportunistic infections and lymphoma in patients with known or suspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we retrospectively reviewed the medical and laboratory records of all patients undergoing diagnostic bone marrow examinations at San Francisco General Hospital between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1989. All marrow examinations of patients with known or suspected HIV infection in which specimens were examined histopathologically and/or microbiologically for opportunistic pathogens or lymphoma were analyzed. Bone marrow examination resulted in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection in 16% of the patients studied. Blood culture was 77% sensitive and bone marrow culture was 86% sensitive for detecting disseminated mycobacterial infection. This difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Disseminated fungal infections occurred in less than 5% of the patients studied, and most were rapidly and accurately detected by examination of stained bone marrow samples. No case of lymphoma was diagnosed by bone marrow examination. Bone marrow examination may be useful for diagnosing opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection. Mycobacterial blood cultures have a sensitivity comparable to bone marrow cultures in detecting disseminated mycobacterial infections, are less invasive, and may be less costly. Marrow examination is not useful for diagnosing lymphoma but can determine the extent of lymphoma that has been diagnosed by other means.
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PMID:The usefulness of diagnostic bone marrow examination in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 205 6


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