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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycobacterium chelonei is a facultative pathogen which exists as a saprophyte in the environment and rarely produces clinical manifestations in humans. We describe a 62-year-old woman, long-term treated with low-dose steroids for severe asthma, who presented sporotrichoid-like lesions on one leg. These lesions appeared two months after a cat-scratch and were present for six months. Histological examination showed acute inflammation with polymorphonuclear infiltration without tuberculoid granuloma nor caseation necrosis. Ziehl-Neelsen stains were negative. Mycobacteria were found by direct examination and Mycobacterium chelonei chelonei was identified by culture. Treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol was given for one month and followed by complete resolution of the lesions, though each of these antibiotics was not effective in vitro. The literature about Mycobacterium chelonei infections is reviewed and the role of the antibiotherapy in clinical recovery is discussed.
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PMID:[Mycobacterium chelonei cutaneous infections. General review apropos of a case]. 402 30

When scrutinizing zoonoses with regard to risks for human beings, the spectrum of pathogens with dogs, cats and birds leading to persistent infections and consequently to the fact that the animals become carriers and permanent excretors is relatively small. Most of the zoonoses cause clinical symptoms and will be taken care of correspondingly. With regard to dogs there is a multitude of persistent infections that are transferred from the pet to the human being and vice versa. In reality, however, the importance of the dog as permanent excretor of zoonosis pathogens endangering human health is minimal, except for some parasitoses. As far as cats are concerned, the situation is totally different. Cats are carriers and permanent excretors of pasteurella, the pathogens of the so-called cat-scratch disease, trichophyton and microsporum species, toxoplasmosis and orthopox viruses. The new zoonosis feline pox serves as an example of the necessity of a permanent observation of persistently infected pets. Healthy, but persistently infected birds form a source of infection not to be underestimated. Through the beat of their wings they constantly stir up dried infectious excrements and dust and thus favour the airborn infection of human beings. Chlamydia psittaci, the Newcastle disease virus and Mycobacterium avium are of major importance in this context. The risk of transferring zoonosis pathogens from persistently infected pets to human beings can be minimized through prophylactic diagnosis, strict measures of hygiene, observation of the schedule of vaccinations for the respective species and regular use of anthelmintica.
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PMID:[Pets as permanent excretors of zoonoses pathogens]. 833 99

The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. The most common pathogens associated with acute bacterial parotitis are Staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic bacteria. The predominant anaerobes include gram-negative bacilli (including pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp.), Fusobacterium spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. (including S. pneumoniae) and gram-negative bacilli (including Escherichia coli) have also been reported. Gram-negative organisms are often seen in hospitalized patients. Organisms less frequently found are Arachnia, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Treponema pallidum, cat-scratch bacillus, and Eikenella corrodens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria are rare causes of parotitis. Therapy includes maintenance of hydration and administration of parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Once an abscess has formed surgical drainage is required. The choice of antimicrobial depends on the etiologic agent. Maintenance of good oral hygiene, adequate hydration, and early and proper therapy of bacterial infection of the oropharynx may reduce the occurrence of suppurative parotitis.
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PMID:Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis: microbiology and management. 1254 18

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problem in children. The condition most commonly represents a transient response to a benign local or generalized infection, but occasionally it might herald the presence of a more serious disorder. Acute bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy usually is caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection or streptococcal pharyngitis. Acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis is caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in 40% to 80% of cases. The most common causes of subacute or chronic lymphadenitis are cat scratch disease, mycobacterial infection, and toxoplasmosis. Supraclavicular or posterior cervical lymphadenopathy carries a much higher risk for malignancies than does anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Generalized lymphadenopathy is often caused by a viral infection, and less frequently by malignancies, collagen vascular diseases, and medications. Laboratory tests are not necessary in the majority of children with cervical lymphadenopathy. Most cases of lymphadenopathy are self-limited and require no treatment. The treatment of acute bacterial cervical lymphadenitis without a known primary source should provide adequate coverage for both Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta hemolytic streptococci.
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PMID:Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. 1472 99

A real-time PCR assay was developed to diagnose and identify the causative agents of suspected mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Primers and probes for the real-time PCR were designed on the basis of the internal transcribed spacer sequence, enabling the recognition of the genus Mycobacterium and the species Mycobacterium avium and M. tuberculosis. The detection limit for the assay was established at 1,100 CFU/ml of pus, and the specificity tests showed no false-positive reaction with other mycobacterial species and other pathogens causing lymphadenitis. From 67 children with suspected mycobacterial lymphadenitis based on a positive mycobacterial skin test, 102 samples (58 fine-needle aspirates [FNA] and 44 tissue specimens) were obtained. The real-time PCR assay detected a mycobacterial infection in 48 patients (71.6%), whereas auramine staining and culturing were positive for 31 (46.3%) and 28 (41.8%) of the patients. The addition of the real-time PCR assay to conventional diagnostic tests resulted in the recognition of 13 more patients with mycobacterial disease. These results indicate that the real-time PCR is more sensitive than conventional staining and culturing techniques (P = 0.006). The M. avium-specific real-time PCR was positive for 38 patients, and the M. tuberculosis-specific real-time PCR was positive for 1 patient. Analysis of 27 patients from whom FNA and tissue biopsy specimens were collected revealed significantly more positive real-time PCR results for FNA than for tissue biopsy specimens (P = 0.003). Samples from an age-matched control group of 50 patients with PCR-proven cat scratch disease were all found to be negative by the real-time PCR. We conclude that this real-time PCR assay with a sensitivity of 72% for patients with lymphadenitis and a specificity of 100% for the detection of atypical mycobacteria can provide excellent support for clinical decision making in children with lymphadenitis.
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PMID:Real-time PCR assay using fine-needle aspirates and tissue biopsy specimens for rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. 1518 46

In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, we previously showed that intra-dermal administration of a killed Mycobacterium vaccae suspension to school-aged children with atopic dermatitis ameliorates their disease. We wished to test the hypothesis that M. vaccae may also prevent the development of eczema. As it was not possible to do this in children, we studied the NC/Nga eczema mouse model. Thirty NC/Nga mice were randomized into a blinded, placebo-controlled trial where they received either 0.1 or 0.01 mg of M. vaccae (SRP299) or placebo given subcutaneously at 1 and 8 wk of age. Clinical eczema scores, as well as scratching frequency using a digital videotape system were assessed during the 26-wk study. Digital scratch scores correlated with clinical severity (p=0.001). Although there were no significant differences in age of onset or severity of the rash between the three study arms, mice injected with 0.1 mg but not 0.01 mg of SPR299 had significantly lower peak scratch frequencies than controls (Hazard ratio 0.2; 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.7; p=0.01). We conclude that in this NC/Nga mouse model, SRP299 did have a beneficial effect in reducing pruritus, a major clinical symptom of eczema, although it does not prevent the rash from developing.
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PMID:Mycobacterium vaccae reduces scratching behavior but not the rash in NC mice with eczema: a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. 1565 67

We report microbiologic analysis of 786 lymph node biopsy specimens from patients with suspected cat-scratch disease (CSD). The specimens were examined by standard, cell culture, and molecular methods. Infectious agents were found in samples from 391 (49.7%) of 786 patients. The most commonly identified infectious agent was Bartonella henselae (245 patients, 31.2%), the agent of CSD. Mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in 54 patients (6.9%) by culture and retrospectively confirmed by using a specific real-time PCR assay. Neoplasm was diagnosed in 181 specimens suitable for histologic analysis (26.0%) from 47 patients. Moreover, 13 patients with confirmed Bartonella infections had concurrent mycobacteriosis (10 cases) or neoplasm (3 cases). A diagnosis of CSD does not eliminate a diagnosis of mycobacteriosis or neoplasm. Histologic analysis of lymph node biopsy specimens should be routinely performed because some patients might have a concurrent malignant disease or mycobacteriosis.
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PMID:Lymph node biopsy specimens and diagnosis of cat-scratch disease. 1707 81

Bartonella (B.) henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD), which usually presents as a self-limiting lymphadenopathy. This study reports the development and evaluation of an internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the groEL gene for detection of Bartonella spp. DNA was extracted using the MagNA Pure system. The lower detection limit was 10-100 fg DNA and the in vitro sensitivity of the assay was not affected by duplexing with an internal control PCR. The real-time PCR assay detected DNA from all five B. henselae strains tested, and from B. birtlesii, B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis and B. doshiae. The assay generated negative results with a selection of other bacteria, including several Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of real-time PCR in clinical samples were compared with those of a conventional 16S rDNA-based PCR assay. During the period described in the Material and methods section, real-time PCR and conventional 16S PCR were performed on 73 clinical samples. Of these samples, 29 (40%) were found to give positive results and 44 (60%) gave negative results, both by real-time PCR and by conventional PCR, with a 100% agreement between the two tests. The PCR developed in this study is a rapid, sensitive, and simple method for the detection of Bartonella spp. in CSD and is suitable for implementation in the diagnostic laboratory.
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PMID:Evaluation of an internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the groEL gene for the detection of Bartonella spp. DNA in patients with suspected cat-scratch disease. 1762 60

An infection with Bartonella henselae transmitted from domestic cats to humans by scratching normally leads to cat-scratch disease. When the human host has severe immunosuppression or HIV infection, the potentially life-threatening disease bacillary angiomatosis can develop. A 79-year-old man presented with livid-erythematous, angioma-like skin lesions. We considered a cutaneous infiltrate from his known chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous metastases of internal tumors, cutaneous sarcoidosis, mycobacterial infection and even atypical herpes simplex infection. The correct diagnosis was proven histologically and by PCR. Because of increasing numbers of immunosuppressed and HIV-positive patients, as well as an infection rate of 13% for B. henselae in domestic cats in Germany, one must be alert to the presence of bacillary angiomatosis.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis. 1929 47

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problem in children. The condition most commonly represents a transient response to a benign local or generalized infection. Acute bilateral cervical lymphadenitis is usually caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection or streptococcal pharyngitis. Acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis is caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in 40% to 80% of cases. Common causes of subacute or chronic lymphadenitis include cat-scratch disease and mycobacterial infection. Generalized lymphadenopathy is often caused by a viral infection, and less frequently by malignancies, collagen vascular diseases, and medications. Laboratory tests are not necessary in most children with cervical lymphadenopathy. Most cases of cervical lymphadenitis are self-limited and require no treatment. The treatment of acute bacterial cervical lymphadenitis without a known primary source should provide adequate coverage for both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
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PMID:Cervical lymphadenitis: etiology, diagnosis, and management. 1936 60


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