Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A fluorigenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, enables mycobacterial esterase activity to be easily and rapidly detected and quantitated. By use of this substrate, the esterase activity of Mycobacterium fortuitum was found to be significantly more heat resistant than that of M. chelonei. On this basis, a rapid, simple and inexpensive test for the differentiation of these two species has been developed.
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PMID:A fluorigenic substrate for the rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium fortuitum from Mycobacterium chelonei on the basis of heat stable esterase activity. 33 49

The composition of a defined medium for the growth of Mycobacterium album Sohngen 726 was selected by the method of mathematic planning of the experiment. The specific activity of esterase during the growth of the culture on this medium is by 30 per cent higher than on the original medium.
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PMID:[Selection of medium for esterase synthesis by Mycobacterium album by the method of mathematical planning of experiments]. 116 Jun 35

Strains of the species Mycobacterium simiae give a positive niacin test. On the basis of their cultural and biochemical characteristics and by seroagglutination they can be classified into 2 subspecies. (1) The strains of serotype M. simiae 1 hydrolyze urea regularly and nicotinamide and pyrazinamide irregularly. They are photochromogenic after prolonged exposure to light. (2) The strains of serotype M. simiae 2 hydrolyze urea only. Three of 4 strains are scotochromogenic; the fourth has a pale pink pigment. Two of these strains possess alpha- and beta-esterase activity. The other two are negative in this test. Strains of M. habana are culturally and biochemically identical with the serotype M. simiae 1 and show the same serologic specificity as M. simiae 1. M. habana sera, after having been absorbed by M. simiae 1, retain a small amount of agglutinins specific for M. habana. We believe that the M. habana strains belong to the species M. simiae and are closely related to the serotype M. simiae 1.
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PMID:Relationship between Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium habana. 116 40

In accordance with Recommendation 30b of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, which calls for the development of recommended minimal standards for describing new species, we propose minimal standards for describing the genus Mycobacterium and new slowly growing species of this genus. The minimal standards for assignment of a strain to the genus Mycobacterium include acid-alcohol fastness, a DNA G+C content in the range from 61 to 71 mol%, and mycolic acid detection with characterization of C22 to C26 pyrolysis esters. The recommended minimal standards for describing a new slowly growing Mycobacterium species are based on the results of phenotypic and genomic studies and include the results of the following conventional tests: growth at 25, 30, 33, 37, 42, and 45 degrees C; pigmentation; resistance to isoniazid, thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide, hydroxylamine, p-nitrobenzoic acid, sodium chloride, thiacetazone, picrate, and oleate; catalase activity; Tween hydrolysis; urease activity; niacin detection; and nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, pyrazinamidase, and alpha-esterase activities. In addition, a mycolic acid profile should be determined, and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments in which the difference between the denaturation temperature of the homologous reaction and the denaturation temperature of the heterologous reaction is determined should be performed. This proposal has been endorsed by the members of the Subcommittee for Taxonomy of the Mycobacteria of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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PMID:Proposed minimal standards for the genus Mycobacterium and for description of new slowly growing Mycobacterium species. 158 Nov 93

The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in various organs of armadillos infected with Mycobacterium leprae were compared with those in normal armadillos. Except for aspartate aminopeptidase and esterase, the levels of the other enzymes in liver, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes were significantly higher in armadillos infected with M. leprae compared with those in non-infected ones. These enzymes levels were at a maximum when the animals were sacrificed 22 to 30 months post-inoculation, a period when the bacterial load in the animals had also reached a maximum. Animals infected with M. leprae but not showing any signs of disseminated infection behaved similar to those in the non-infected group. The observed changes in enzymatic activities were not due to bacterial enzymes and so can be related to tissue damage caused by M. leprae.
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PMID:Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities in armadillos infected with Mycobacterium leprae. 186 31

The characterization of extracellular enzymatic activities of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare which were identified by DNA probe (Gen-Probe, Cal., USA) was carried out using the API ZYM system (API, La Balme Les Grottes, France). The enzymatic activities of M. avium were attributed to esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucin arylamidase, acid phosphatase and phosphoamidase. Enzymatic characterization of M. intracellulare was very similar to that of M. avium. However, M. intracellulare differed from M. avium in the following two points: (i) Alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated, (ii) Acid phosphatase activity was much stronger.
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PMID:[Enzymatic profile of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare]. 192 Oct 96

Earlier studies from our laboratory reported that a radiometric Mycobacterium leprae resident macrophage assay was a useful in vitro indicator of bacillary viability with good correlation with the established mouse foot pad model. The present study compares our assay with the recently described fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide (FDA/EB) method. M. leprae extracted from the dermal lesions of 73 bacilliferous leprosy patients were tested concurrently by both techniques. Good correlation (r = 0.52, p less than 0.001) was found between the radiometric assay evaluating DNA synthesis and the FDA/EB staining reflecting the presence of active esterase enzyme. In addition, the utility of the FDA/EB staining in the monitoring of therapy was established. Twenty-two patients treated for greater than 1 year showed lower numbers of green fluorescing bacilli when compared to 19 untreated or short-term-treated individuals.
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PMID:Comparison of radiometric macrophage assay and fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide staining for evaluation of M. leprae viability. 243 21

Intradermal injection of MY-1, a nucleic acid fraction extracted from Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG, induced in situ infiltration of mononuclear cells, most of which were asialo GM1 (GA1)-positive as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The infiltration occurred with as little as 1 microgram of MY-1 and lasted for a week. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the infiltrating GA1-positive cells were all positive for Ly-5, and partially positive for Thy-1.2, but negative for Mac-1, Ia, mu-chain, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, L3T4, and Fc receptor II. They contained neither peroxidase nor nonspecific esterase. The infiltrating cells thus markedly resembled natural killer (NK) cells in their cytochemical characteristics and surface markers. DNase and RNase destroyed the GA1-positive cell-inducing activity of MY-1. These results indicate that the nucleic acid components of MY-1 are responsible for this effect.
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PMID:In situ infiltration of natural killer-like cells induced by intradermal injection of the nucleic acid fraction from BCG. 248 May 10

A model of experimental leprosy in two strains of mice, namely CBA/J and CBi, has been developed based on: 1) the histological examination of a granuloma in the hind foot pad 200 days after inoculation of 0.30 microliter of Mycobacterium lepraemurium (6 x 10(8) MLm/ml); 2) the assessment of T lymphocytes in the granuloma identified by the alpha-naphthyl acetate method for esterase, and c) dissemination of the infection. The histological findings in the low resistance CBA/J strain included positive acid fast bacilli vacuolated cells, without lymphocytic infiltration, scarce number of T lymphocytes and a generalized and important dissemination, similarly to the one observed in human lepromatous leprosy. The histological findings in the hind foot pad granuloma of 30-40 per cent of the medium to high resistance CBi strain, consisted of vacuolated cells and lymphocytic infiltration, a large number of T cells and a scarce dissemination, similar to the human borderline leprosy. Both strains present a different susceptibility to a unique challenge with the mycobacterium which could be useful to disentangle the immunogenetic components involved, by means of appropriate selection and crosses. Furthermore, it could be of interest to perform immunoprotection assays in CBi mice, which might have some bearing on the development of a vaccine in human leprosy.
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PMID:[Characterization of experimental infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium in 2 strains of mice]. 305 Nov 27

Mycobacterium leprae grows to enormous numbers in the nu/nu mouse footpad, producing granulomas resembling those of lepromatous leprosy in humans. Footpad granuloma cells gorged with M. leprae were established in primary cell culture to examine their functional capabilities. These cells were classified as macrophages by the following criteria: positive staining for nonspecific esterase, reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium during phagocytosis of Candida albicans, possession of Fc receptors, and possession of Mac-1 antigen. Footpad macrophages also phagocytized and supported the intracellular growth of Toxoplasma gondii. However, unlike peritoneal macrophages, footpad macrophages could not be activated to kill or inhibit T. gondii by macrophage-activating factor produced by mitogen-stimulated spleen cells or by recombinant gamma interferon. Thus, although the lepromatous macrophages appeared to be normal in many of their functions, they were defective in response to macrophage-activating signals.
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PMID:Mycobacterium leprae-burdened macrophages are refractory to activation by gamma interferon. 310 Apr 49


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