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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dogs may be infected by Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. avium complex, and the clinical signs associated with each of these infections may be indistinguishable. Rapid speciation of the infecting organism is desirable because of the public health concerns associated with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections. A mycobacterial infection was suspected in the dog of this report based on acid-fast staining of organisms in macrophages obtained from liver aspirates and buffy-coat preparations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of a buffy-coat preparation identified M. avium.
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PMID:Systemic Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of buffy coat. 1576 57

Both hospitalized patients and outpatient clinic patients at the National Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases of Georgia have been investigated. The group of patients with the tuberculosis of urogenital system, has been studied (newly detected cases), 70 cases in total. The examination of the urine was carried out by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in order to detect Kochi bacillus and by three-time bacterioscopy of urine on acid resistant bacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urine has been detected in 57 (81,43%) patients by PCR method, and by urine bacterioscopy acid fast bacilli (AFB)(+) in 36 (51,43%) patients. 50 hospitalized patients were examined as a separate group. They had the tuberculosis of lungs and insignificant pathological changes in urogenital system. Among them there was active bacillus secretion in 45 cases by phlegm bacterioscopy AFB(+). Out of 50 patients the mycobacterium tuberculosis in urine was detected in 30 (60%) cases by PCR method. It should be mentioned that according to the urine two-time bacterioscopy, carried out on 50 patients, has not been detected AFB(-) bacillus secretion. It may be concluded that the PCR method is advantageous in detecting of Kochi bacillus in urine. Introduction of this method in medical practice will give us the possibility to determine the risk-group for development of tubercular changes in urinary system associated with lung tuberculosis, in order to control such patients and to carry out the adequate urological examinations.
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PMID:[Sensitivity of PCR method for detection of mycobacteria tuberculosis in patients with lung tuberculosis]. 1582 17

The study was carried out in hospital patients as well as in outpatients at the National Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases of Georgia (2002-2004). The group consisting of 32 patients with tuberculosis of urogenital system has been studied (newly detected forms). Except clinical laboratory, culture and X-ray contrast methods, two additional methods were used in testing of this group of patients. The examination of their urine, at the same time, was carried out by the Polymerase Chain Reaction method in order to detect Kochi bacillus and by three-time bacterioscopy of urine for acid resistant bacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urine has been detected in 26 (81,25%) patients by PCR method, and by urine bacterioscopy--acid fast bacilli (AFB+) in 18 (56,25%) patients. The histo-morphological investigation of specimens obtained by surgery confirmed the TB diagnosis in all patients. This study on patients suspected of Tuberculosis of genital-urinary system gives us an opportunity to update the diagnostic algorithm by including the modern molecular methods. This algorithm will help in timely detection of Tuberculosis, in selection of adequate therapy and in prevention of the further progression of the disease.
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PMID:[Detection of mycobacteria tuberculosis in patients with urogenital tuberculosis by PCR method]. 1583 72

We report on a 13-year-old boy who displayed a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction of 5 years duration. The lesion was resistant to different antibiotic schemes; his routine laboratory tests and chest radiographs were normal. Teledermatologic consultation and histopathologic study of skin biopsy suggested scrofulodermal tuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA extracted from lymph node biopsy was taken as starting material for dot-blot hybridization using Mtp-40 and IS 6110 as probes for detecting either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or any mycobacteria belonging to the M tuberculosis complex, respectively. Positive results in both hybridizations were further confirmed by culturing in BACTEC MGIT 960 system. The lesion greatly diminished following isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol treatment. Telemedicine allowed a cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosis to be made of a patient living in a remote town located in the Amazon jungle by using molecular biology techniques.
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PMID:Cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosis in an inhospitable Amazonian region by means of telemedicine and molecular biology. 1585 12

Cutaneous infection arising from Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, a nontuberculous mycobacteria, has rarely been reported, and most of the reported infections were disseminated forms in patients with AIDS or other immunocompromising illness. We describe an occurrence of localized mycobacterial skin infection caused by M. scrofulaceum in a previously healthy child that manifested as a red nodule on the cheek. A biopsy specimen of the lesion demonstrated granulomatous infiltration in the dermis. M. scrofulaceum was isolated from culture of a tissue specimen. Polymerase chain reaction amplified specific fragments for M. scrofulaceum. The patient was treated successfully with clarithromycin as monotherapy for 6 months, leading to complete healing without recurrence during a follow-up period of 2 years.
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PMID:Successful treatment of localized cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum with clarithromycin. 1619 Oct 6

The presence of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine carcasses with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis was evaluated. Seventy-two carcass samples were selected during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Seventeen (23.6%) of samples showed colonies suggestive of mycobacteria that were confirmed to be acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for M. bovis identified M. bovis in 13 (76.5%) isolates. The PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis using gene encoding for the 65-kDa protein and two restriction enzymes identified the remaining four isolates that were represented by two M. tuberculosis complex and two nontuberculous mycobacteria. The results are indicative of infection of slaughter cattle by M. bovis and other mycobacteria in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
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PMID:Mycobacterium bovis identification by a molecular method from post-mortem inspected cattle obtained in abattoirs of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. 1641 Sep 64

Polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA) of the hsp65 gene was evaluated for use as a routine identification method for identifying mycobacteria. The accuracy, rapidity, and cost were assessed compared with the conventional biochemical method. Five hundred and forty-one mycobacterial clinical isolates obtained from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, were submitted for PCR-REA and biochemical identification. PCR-REA showed high concordant result with 100, 96.2, and 94.1% for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rapid- and slow-growing mycobacteria, respectively. Discordant results were obtained from 24 (4.4%) out of 541 isolates, consisting of 9 rapid growers (6 M. chelonae, 2 M. abscessus, and 1 M. fortuitum) and 15 slow growers (9 M. scrofulaceum, 2 M. gordonae, 1 M. avium, 1 M. kansasii, 1 M. malmoense, and 1 M. terrae complex). PCR-REA demonstrated not only accurate results but was also less expensive (2.1 US dollars/sample). This method was rapid with a turn-around time of 30 hours compared with 2-4 weeks for the conventional method.
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PMID:Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis for routine identification of mycobacteria: accuracy, rapidity, and cost analysis. 1643 54

A 36-year-old man with no history of immunosuppression presented with diabetes insipidus, but no other hormonal disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an enhanced mass in the pituitary stalk appearing as a thickened pituitary stalk. The mass lesion was completely removed through the right optico-carotid space. Histological examination showed epithelioid cell granuloma with caseous necrosis, which strongly suggested mycobacterial infection. However, acid-fast staining detected no bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations of the gastric juice and cerebrospinal fluid for tuberculosis were negative. Nested PCR and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing of the DNA from the surgical specimen disclosed Mycobacterium tokaiense DNA sequences. This rare case of pituitary stalk granuloma caused by M. tokaiense shows that if the surgical specimen contains caseous necrosis, nested PCR and DNA sequencing are useful methods to identify mycobacterial infection.
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PMID:Caseous necrotic granuloma in the pituitary stalk due to nontuberculous Mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tokaiense) infection--case report. 1649 17

Buruli ulcer is an emerging chronic painless skin disease found in the tropics and caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans; however, it remains unknown why the large and deep ulcers associated with this disease remain painless. To answer this question, we examined the pathology of BALB/c mice inoculated in the footpads with M. ulcerans African strain 97-107. On days 54 to 70 after inoculation, extensive dermal ulcers, subcutaneous edema, and numerous acid-fast bacilli were noted at the inoculate region. Nerve invasion occurred in the perineurium and extended to the endoneurium, and some nerve bundles were swollen and massively invaded by acid-fast bacilli. However, Schwann cell invasion, a characteristic of leprosy, was not observed. Vacuolar degeneration of myelin-forming Schwann cells was noted in some nerves which may be induced by mycolactone, a toxic lipid produced by M. ulcerans. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of microdissected nerve tissue sections showed positive amplification of M. ulcerans-specific genomic sequences but not of Mycobacterium leprae-specific sequences. Behavioral tests showed decrease of pain until edematous stage, but markedly ulcerated animals showed ordinary response against stimulation. Our study suggests that the painlessness of the disease may be partly due to intraneural invasion of bacilli. Further studies of nerve invasion in clinical samples are urgently needed.
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PMID:Nerve damage in Mycobacterium ulcerans-infected mice: probable cause of painlessness in buruli ulcer. 1650 96

Outbreaks of rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) infections are increasingly being reported worldwide. Information about genetic relatedness of isolates obtained during outbreaks can provide opportunities for prompt intervention. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Other than that, Mycobacterium abscessus isolates can suffer DNA degradation during electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are cheaper, faster, and easier to perform, but discriminatory power varies depending on the primer used. In this study, we tested the competence of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR in comparison with PFGE to distinguish unrelated isolates (24 Mycobacterium chelonae and 24 M. abscessus) obtained from human and/or environmental samples and to group 56 isolates from 6 outbreaks confirmed epidemiologically, caused by M. chelonae and M. abscessus after ophthalmologic refractive surgery and mesotherapy. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR presented discriminatory power, calculated using Simpson's index of diversity, of 0.989 for M. abscessus and 0.975 for M. chelonae and grouped outbreak isolates in distinct groups showing epidemiologic concordance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis also grouped outbreak isolates and presented discriminatory power of 0.972 and 0.993 for M. abscessus and M. chelonae, respectively. DNA from 8 (22%) of 36 M. abscessus isolates analyzed showed degradation during electrophoresis. Compared with PFGE and epidemiologic information as the gold standard, ERIC PCR is a simple, high throughput, affordable, reproducible, and discriminatory molecular typing method for inference of genetic relatedness of RGMs of the M. chelonae-abscessus group.
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PMID:Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR is a useful tool for typing Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus isolates. 1652


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