Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen lymphocytes of BCG-immunized mice contain a soluble factor that inhibits in vitro the growth of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within normal peritoneal macrophages. The water-soluble extracts of sensitized lymphocytes, disrupted by freezing and thawing, although less active than the corresponding viable cells retained a significant growth-inhibiting activity. Dialysis against distilled water, lyophilization, exposure to ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease, and storage at -20 degrees C of the water-soluble extracts did not affect their antimycobacterial activity, whereas extracts heated at 100 degrees C were completely devoid of such an activity. All the inhibiting activity was recovered in the void volume of the column after chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Water-soluble constitutents of sensitized lymphocytes did not affect BCG grown in vitro, and on repeated treatments of tuberculous mice they led to a negligible protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Preliminary observations seem to indicate that other soluble factors in lymphocytes of BCG-sensitized mice have the capacity to potentiate in vitro the phagocytic activity of normal macrophages.
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PMID:Partial characterization of a factor extracted from sensitized lymphocytes that inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages in vitro. 82 9

A water-extract from hydrogenolyzed cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B was separated into four portions (F-1 to F-4 fractions) by gel filtration with a Sephadex G-100 column. The third peak (called MAF3) eluted from the column was the most adjuvant-active fraction. The molecular weight determined by gel filtration was around 16 000 daltons. MAF3 consisted of heteropolymer(s) composed of approximately 76 to 79% neutral sugars (Ara, Gal, Man, and Glc) and 19% mucopeptide (MurN, GlcN, Glu, Ala, Dpm, Gly, Asp, Thr, Ser, Leu, Lys, Arg, His, Pro, Tyr, and Phe). The adjuvanticities of MAF3 and other fractions in water-in-oil emulsion were estimated by the enhancing effect on immune response to egg albumin (EA) in guinea pigs. MAF3 stimulated the production of humoral antibodies, particularly IgG2 antibody specific to the antigen, and induced delayed type hypersensitivity against EA in the skin and cornea of antigen-primed guinea pigs. These adjuvanticities of MAF3 were similar to the characteristics of mycobacterial cell wall in Freund's complete adjuvant.
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PMID:Separation of a water-soluble adjuvant (MAF3) from delipidated cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B by hydrogenolysis and gel filtration. 82 53

On the basis of our previous observations and related literatures, was assumed tht cholesterol esters of host origin and phthiocerol dimycocerosate of bacterial origin are located as a lipid mixture around the periphery of pathogenic mycobacteria growing in vivo, probably within the phagocytic vacuole of macrophages. To examine the role of such a postulated lipid complex in mycobacterial infection, a model experiment was made in which tubercle bacilli grown in vitro were "coated" with both lipids and then suspended homogenously in water to serve as an inoculum to infect mice intravenously. Their fate in mouse tissue was compared with that of untreated control bacilli. The results indicated that the lipid "coating" had an infection-promoting effect as revealed by the longer persistence of the treated avirulent bacilli at higher levels of viable counts. When virulent tubercle bacilli were "coated" with the lipid mixture, they became less sensitive to the protective mechanism of BCG-immunized mice.
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PMID:A suggested role of a host-parasite lipid complex in mycobacterial infection. 82 75

From Mycobacterium phlei, glycolipid fractions have been isolated which inactivate phage Phlei. On the basis of the characteristics of the inactivation (specificity, kinetics, requirement for Ca++) typical of the phage-host cell system, it was concluded that these fractions contain the receptor sites for phage Phlei ; this conclusion was supported by electron microscopic studies. All the active fractions contain four kinds of components : fatty acids, glycerol, sugars (D-lyxose, 6-0-methyl-D-glucose, and low amounts of glucose and mannose), and water-soluble acids. These acids are isolated by degradation of the receptor fractions as oxalic and pyruvic acids. Variations of the ratio oxalic acid/pyruvic acid according to the mode of degradation and the absence of the peak characteristic of the protons of a pyruvic acid residue in the NMR spectrum, suggest that these acids might arise from the splitting of oxaloacetic acid. A tentative structure of the receptor is proposed, in many monoglycerides are linked through keto-acid to a polysaccharide core.
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PMID:A study on the receptor for a mycobacteriophage : phage phlei. 95 52

A method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope that requires 5 minutes was tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, influenza virus, and rhinovirus. The bronchofiberscope was contaminated with either sputum or mucin containing the microorganism. Disinfection was performed by washing the inner channel and the outer sheath with a hexachlorophene detergent followed by a solution containing povidone-iodine, ethanol, and water. A total of 76 specimens was tested; all postdisinfection cultures were sterile with the exception of one containing less than 102 colonies per ml of S. aureus.
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PMID:A rapid method of disinfecting the bronchofiberscope. 100 53

The deep-water (68 m) Wanda Lake in the Antarctica is noticeable by three characteristics: a relatively high temperature in the bottom layer, elevated salinity, and the presence of H2S. Only several (less often, dozens) saprophytic microorganisms per 40 ml of water are encountered in the lake. The total number of bacteria varies from 6-10(3) to 172-10(3) cells/ml. The highest content of the total bacterial population, and saprophytes, is found in intermediate layers, 30 and 40-50 m deep, respectively. Microbial strains isolated from water and ooze belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Chromobacterium, Bacillus, and Mycobacterium. Yeast organisms were also found. Sulphate reducing bacteria were detected only at one station in ooze of the lake while thionic bacteria could not be determined at all. Photosynthetic bacteria were isolated from ooze at all four stations.
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PMID:[Microbiological studies of the Wanda Lake (Antarctica)]. 101 48

A paronychial granuloma on the left thumb, in a man who kept tanks of tropical fish, was followed by cutaneous nodules on the left upper limb and tender lymph nodes in the left axilla. Mycobacterium marinum was isolated from the lesion on the thumb and also from the tank water. Subsidence of the lesions followed administration of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.
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PMID:Mycobacterium marinum infection from a tropical fish tank. Treatment with trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. 103 69

Arthrigenicity of Mycobacterium smegmatis subfractions appeared to be remarkably potentiated in oil vehicles such as squalane or mineral oil, while water-in-oil emulsions containing Arlacel A appeared to decrease or suppress their arthritogenicity. It seems that Arlacel A can exert a suppressive effect on the arthritogenicity of the subfractions. Poly I:C and acetylated wax D potentiated the arthritogenicity of lysozyme-solubilized product, while cord factor was unable to do so. When given together with either cell membrane fraction or cell envelope, the lysozyme-solubilized product produced much more severe disease than that of lysozyme-solubilized product alone. Cell walls lost much of their arthritogenicity when mixed with lysozyme-solubilized product.
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PMID:Arthritogenicity of Mycobacterium smegmatis subfractions, related to different oil vehicle and different composition. 108 57

The cell walls from all 21 species of gram-positive bacteria examined, except lysozyme-susceptible Micrococcus lysodeikticus (NCTC 2665) and lysozyme-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 155), were found to be definitely adjuvant-active in both stimulation of increased serum antibody levels and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin when administered to guinea-pigs as water-in-oil emulsions. Using various cell wall lytic enzymes, the immunoadjuvant principles were solubilized with full retention of the adjuvant activities from walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Copenhagen), Streptococcus pyogens (group A, type 6; S43/100), Streptococcus salivarius (IFO 3350), Streptococcus faecalis (IFO 12580), Streptococcus mutans (BHT), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Bacillus megaterium (IFO 12068), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Park-Williams No. 8), Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Actinomyces viscous (ATCC 15987). Evidence was obtained that the non-peptidoglycan portion of the cell walls is not essential for manifestation of immunoadjuvancy.
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PMID:Immunoadjuvant activities of cell walls and their water-soluble fractions prepared from various gram-positive bacteria. 118 Aug 72

The mycobacterial flora of 321 water samples was explored to evaluate the role of this part of the environment as a possible source of human mycobacterial disease. The samples included natural waters, waters treated to make them suitable for drinking, and waters in contact with animals. Water from the city aquarium contained the greatest abundance of mycobacteria, with an average of 3.5 strains per sample. The highest yield of positive cultures came from samples in contact with zoo animals and with fish. The majority of the isolated strains were slowly growing mycobacteria; 80 were Mycobacterium gordonae, and 34 of thse belong to a new serotype. Forty-seven cultures were members of the M. avian-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex, of which 11 were typable by agglutination. From this study and from the work of others, it is concluded that water may be contaminated with potentially pathogenic mycobacteria and thus may serve as a source of human disease.
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PMID:Water as a source of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. 125 37


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