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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strains of a new type of slowly growing scotochromogenic, rose-pink-pigmented mycobacterium were isolated repeatedly from sphagnum vegetation, true moss, and soil in Ireland. These strains grew at 22, 31, and 37 degrees C but not at 45 degrees C and possessed acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities. They reduced nitrate, tolerated 0.1% NaNO2, did not split amides, and were resistant to most of the antituberculous drugs tested, except ethambutol. They did not form acid from glucose and mannose. Their internal phenetic similarity was 97.08% +/- 2.07%. The whole mycolate pattern confirmed the homogeneity of the taxa sharing similar mycolate types with several other mycobacterial species. However, on the basis of the nature of the major pyrolysis esters, the taxon appeared unique. The phylogenetic analysis based on evolutionary distance values revealed that the strains belong to a new species of slowly growing mycobacteria. The DNA-DNA hybridization values confirmed that these strains differ significantly from Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, M. terrae, M. triviale, and M. thermoresistibile. The strains produced a unique rose-pink pigment and were nonpathogenic for mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, but they provoked a nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction to bovine tuberculin in guinea pigs and cattle. Hence, they are considered a member of a new species of nonpathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria, for which the name Mycobacterium hiberniae is proposed. Strain Hi 11 is the type strain, a culture of which has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 49874.
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PMID:Mycobacterium hiberniae sp. nov. 768 43

Mycobacterium chelonae-like organisms are nonpigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria whose clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated 87 sporadic isolates encountered in a clinical laboratory. Most isolates (62%) were respiratory; only 2 of 54 (4%) (both from patients with AIDS) were clinically significant. Among 33 nonrespiratory isolates, 20 of 33 (or 61%) were clinically significant. Clinical diseases included posttraumatic wound infections and catheter-related sepsis. Routine biochemical features included growth inhibition by 5% NaCl (100%), a smooth colony morphology (94%), positive 3-day arylsulfatase reaction (84%), no color or a light tan color on iron uptake (100%), and variable nitrate reduction (45%). Additional characteristics that helped to separate this group from M. chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus were susceptibility to cephalothin (90%) and ciprofloxacin (100%), utilization of mannitol (94%) and citrate (83%) as carbon sources, and unique patterns of mycolic acid esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. This group was quite drug susceptible, with 100% of isolates inhibited by amikacin, imipenem, cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and the newer quinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Three examples of this group, including a proposed type strain, have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection.
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PMID:Clinical significance, biochemical features, and susceptibility patterns of sporadic isolates of the Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism. 830 16

Strains of a new type of slowly growing mycobacterium were repeatedly isolated from sputum from a patient with pulmonary disease. This photochromogenic organism grew at 22, 31, 37, and 41 degrees C, possessed catalase, acid phosphatase, esterase, beta-galactosidase, and arylsulfatase activities, and hydrolyzed Tween. It did not produce nicotinic acid or have nitrate reductase, acetamidase, benzamidase, isonicotinamidase, nicotinamidase, pyrazinamidase, succinidamidase, and acid phosphatase activities. Urease activity was variable. The organism is susceptible to ethambutol and resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin. A mycolic acid analysis revealed the presence of alpha-mycolates, alpha'-mycolates, and keto-mycolates. The results of comparative 16S rRNA sequencing placed this organism at an intermediate position between the rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria. On the basis of the pattern of enzymatic activities and metabolic properties, the results of fatty acid analyses, and the unique 16S rRNA sequence, we propose that this organism represents a new species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium intermedium. The type strain is strain 1669/91; a culture of this strain has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen as strain DSM 44049.
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PMID:Mycobacterium intermedium sp. nov. 849 35

A number of mycobacterial strains with similar growth characteristics, metabolic properties, and lipid compositions, which were previously placed in the Helsinki group (E. Brander, E. Jantzen, R. Huttunen, A. Juntunen, and M.-L. Katila, J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:1972-1975, 1992), were characterized by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 14 strains studied, 9 had a unique, previously undescribed sequence in the variable region of 16S rRNA. These nine strains, all of which were isolated from respiratory tract specimens, were nonpigmented and grew at 25 degrees C to 45 degrees C, reaching full colony size after 2 to 3 weeks. They produced arylsulfatase, nicotinamidase, and pyrazinamidase and were negative for Tween 80 hydrolysis, catalase, urease, and nitrate reductase activities, and niacin. Their glycolipid patterns were identical. A mycolic acid analysis performed by using thin-layer chromatography showed that these organisms contained alpha-mycolates, ketomycolates, and carboxy mycolates. Gas-liquid chromatography revealed that 2-eicosanol was the major alcohol and hexacosanoic acid was the major mycolic acid cleavage product. On the basis of their growth, biochemical, and lipid characteristics and their unique 16S rRNA sequence, we propose that these organisms should be assigned to a new species, Mycobacterium branderi. Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that this new species is closely related to Mycobacterium celatum, Mycobacterium cookii, and Mycobacterium xenopi. Strains 52157T (T = type strain) and 43548 have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strains ATCC 51789 and ATCC 51788, respectively.
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PMID:Mycobacterium branderi sp. nov., a new potential human pathogen. 859 Jun 82

A distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria was identified on the basis of growth characteristics, biochemical and lipid profiles, and nucleic acid analyses. The isolates showed growth at 22 to 37 degrees C, yellow pigmentation, and negative tests for Tween 80 hydrolysis, nicotinic acid, nitrate reductase, and urease; tests for arylsulfatase, pyrazinamidase, and heat-stable catalase were variable. Analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and mycolic acids by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated a distinctive pattern which was unlike those of other species. Determination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed a unique sequence closely related to Mycobacterium simiae and M. genavense. On the basis of DNA homology studies, we suggest that these organisms are representatives of a novel species, for which the name M. lentiflavum sp. nov. is proposed.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a unique group of slowly growing mycobacteria: description of Mycobacterium lentiflavum sp. nov. 872 84

A new, slow-growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterium was isolated from a lymph node of an immunocompromised child and subsequently from tap water and from a respiratory specimen of a patient with chronic fibrosis. Alcohol-acid-fastness, lipid patterns and the G + C content clearly support the placement of this organism in the genus Mycobacterium. The isolates grew very slowly at temperatures ranging from 25 to 32 degrees C and showed activities of nitrate reductase, catalase, urease, arylsulfatase and Tween 80 hydrolysis. The organism was susceptible to all antimycobacterial drugs tested. The 16S rDNA sequence was unique and phylogenetic analysis placed the organism close to fast-growing species such as Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium komossense and Mycobacterium aichiense. These data support the conclusion that the isolates represent a new mycobacterial species, for which the name Mycobacterium tusciae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain FI-25796T; a culture of this strain has been deposited in the DSMZ as strain DSM 44338T.
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PMID:Mycobacterium tusciae sp. nov. 1055 67

Rapidly growing mycobacteria are capable of causing several clinical diseases in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. A previously unidentified, rapidly growing mycobacterium was determined to be the causative agent of central line sepsis in a child with underlying metastatic hepatoblastoma. Four isolates of this mycobacterium, three from blood and one from the central venous catheter tip, were studied. Phenotypic characterization, HPLC and genetic analysis revealed that while this organism most closely resembled members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex and Mycobacterium senegalense, it differed from all previously described species. Phenotypic tests useful in differentiating this species from similar rapidly growing mycobacteria included: growth at 42 degrees C, hydrolysis of acetamide, utilization of citrate, production of arylsulfatase (3-d), acidification of D-mannitol and i-myo-inositol, and susceptibility to erythromycin, vancomycin and tobramycin. The name Mycobacterium septicum is proposed for this new species. The type strain has been deposited in Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen as DSM 44393T and in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 700731T.
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PMID:Mycobacterium septicum sp. nov., a new rapidly growing species associated with catheter-related bacteraemia. 1075 63

Investigation into recent declines in striped bass health in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland resulted in the isolation of a putative new species of Mycobacterium. This isolate was obtained from fish showing skin ulcers and internal granulomas in various organs. The isolate was slow growing at 28 degrees C; was nonchromogenic; showed no activities of nitrate reduction, catalase activity, Tween 80 hydrolysis, tellurite reduction, or arylsulfatase reduction; grew best at low salt concentrations; and was urease and pyrazinamidase positive. By PCR a unique insertional sequence was identified which matched nothing in any database. Analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence also indicated a unique sequence which had 87.7% sequence homology to Mycobacterium ulcerans, 87.6% homology to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 85.9% homology to Mycobacterium marinum. Phylogenetic analysis placed the organism close to the tuberculosis complex. These data support the conclusion that the isolate probably represents a new mycobacterial species.
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PMID:Detection of a new Mycobacterium species in wild striped bass in the Chesapeake Bay. 1115 32

PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis of a 439 bp hsp65 gene segment identified 113 unique isolates among non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) from clinical and environmental sources that failed to match currently recognized species patterns. This group represented 40% of isolates recovered from bronchoscope contamination pseudo-outbreaks, 0% of disease-associated nosocomial outbreaks and 4% of routine clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium abscessus/Mycobacterium chelonae group submitted to the Mycobacteria/Nocardia laboratory for identification. It is grouped within the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, with growth in less than 7 d, absence of pigmentation, positive 3-d arylsulfatase reaction and growth on MacConkey agar without crystal violet. It exhibited overlapping biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility and HPLC characteristics of M. abscessus and M. chelonae. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these isolates comprised a homogeneous group with a unique hypervariable region A sequence and differed by 8 and 10 bp, respectively, from M. abscessus and M. chelonae. Surprisingly, this taxon contained two copies of the ribosomal operon, compared with single copies in the two related species. By DNA-DNA hybridization, this new group exhibited <30% homology with recognized RGM species. The name Mycobacterium immunogenum sp. nov. is proposed for this new taxon.
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PMID:Mycobacterium immunogenum sp. nov., a novel species related to Mycobacterium abscessus and associated with clinical disease, pseudo-outbreaks and contaminated metalworking fluids: an international cooperative study on mycobacterial taxonomy. 1159 6

A 53-year-old, male patient presented with pain in the middle area of the back of his left foot. The painful area was associated with a reddish dome-shaped swelling of 24 by 18 mm which had ulcerated in the center part. Histopathologically, the cutaneous lesion consisted of an ulcer surrounded by abscess and granuloma and numerous acid-fast organisms were observed. Subsequently, the area just below the left inguinal area developed redness and swelling approaching the size of a quail egg. The patient responded favorably with rifampicin, levofloxacin, and minocycline therapy. The patient was immunodeficient, but negative for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the etiology of his immunodeficient state is unclear. Skin tissues or pus were cultured at 37 degrees C on 2% Ogawa and BBL MGIT. Acid-fast organisms were recovered on MGIT within 4 to 12 days, while 2% Ogawa medium failed to recover acid-fast bacteria. Using growth from the positive MGIT tube as inoculum, MycoBroth, 7H9 broth, 7H11.2% Ogawa supplemented with or without iron complexes, and blood agar were inoculated and cultured at 30 and 37 degrees C. Growth at 30 and 37 degrees C was seen with MycoBroth, 7H9, hemin (60 microM) or ferric ammonium citrate (15 mg/ml) supplemented 7H11 and blood agar as well as 7H11 supplemented with factor X. Growth at 30 degrees C only was observed for ferric ammonium citrate supplemented 7H9 and 2% Ogawa. Generally, growth at 30 degrees C was better than that at 37 degrees C in all media. No growth at either temperature was observed with hemin or factor X supplemented 2% Ogawa. With respect to the biochemical characterization, the isolate was negative for niacin, nitrate reduction, urease, arylsulfatase, Tween 80 hydrolysis, catalase, 68 degrees C catalase, acid phosphatase, and tellurite reduction, while strongly positive for neutral red test. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed the isolate to be consistent with Mycobacterium haemophilum. Based on the composite characterization, the isolate was identified as M. haemophilum. This is the second case report of M. haemophilum infection in Japan in the literature.
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PMID:[Bacteriological features of Mycobacterium haemophilum isolated from skin lesions in an immunodeficient patient]. 1521 60


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