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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Restriction endonuclease analysis and seroagglutination were used to characterize strains of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (collectively, MAI) recovered from 1 local herd and 2 imported shipments of red deer (Cervus elaphus) that developed sensitization to bovine tuberculin during skin testing. A total of 31 MAI strains were isolated from lymph node pools (head, thorax, abdomen, and peripheral regions) of 21 of 29 local deer. Similarly, 15 MAI strains were isolated from the lymph node pools of 12 deer from the 2 imported shipments. Mycobacterial strains were isolated from more than 1 of the lymph node pools of 9 local and 2 imported deer. Most of the strains (59% from local deer, 46% from imported deer) were recovered from the lymph nodes of the head region. After restriction endonuclease analysis of these isolates using the enzymes Bcl I, BstEII, and Pvu II, 26 of the strains from the local herd were separated into 3 groups, each consisting of strains with indistinguishable or closely related patterns. Seroagglutination results indicated that the first of these groups contained strains belonging to serotype 1, the second group contained strains belonging to serotype 8; and the third group of strains belonged to serotype 3 and 9. The 5 remaining strains from the local herd had unrelated restriction patterns. One of these belonged to serotype 3, whereas the remaining 4 could not be serotyped. Restriction analysis of the 15 strains from the imported deer identified 2 groups. Seroagglutination results indicated that 1 group contained strains belonging to serotype 2 and the other group contained strains belonging to serotype 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization by restriction endonuclease analysis and seroagglutination of strains of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare obtained from farmed deer. 184 82

During the period of 24 years from 1965 to 1988, we treated a total of 181 patients who had pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium avium--Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex). Of these 181, 34 (19%) were cured showing sputum conversion and disappearance of cavity or marked reduction of cavity in the size to 1/2 or less or change of the cavity to thin-walled one. In these patients, negative culture continued at least for one year by monthly sputum examination. The most frequently used regimen in these patients was RFP + INH + SM, and the secondly RFP + INH + EVM, and thereafter multiple drug regimens including RFP + INH. The most frequently used drugs were RFP, INH, EVM, SM and EB. Based on the above results, we recommend the regimen RFP + INH + EVM + EB or RFP + INH + SM + EB, to which, if possible, were added a combination of MC + SX + KT. (As to abbreviations, refer to Table 3).
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic regimens that were considered effective to cure pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex]. 187 80

This paper reports the case of a young woman with SLE whose paraspinous abscess due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare was metastatic to the breast. Surgical drainage and 18 months of treatment with rifampin, cycloserine, ethambutol, and streptomycin failed to eradicate the infection. This case illustrates that MAI infection can occur in patients not usually considered to be immunosuppressed and may be difficult to treat.
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PMID:Paraspinous abscess with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in a patient without AIDS. 194 30

The determination of the susceptibilities to antituberculosis agents in Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex) is influenced by the size of inoculation used in the determination. Such influences differ greatly according to the drugs. By increasing the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of the inoculation to 10(6)-fold, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rifampicin and cycloserine have increased only 2-to 3-fold. However, MICs of ethionamide, streptomycin, enviomycin and ethambutol have increased 4-to 9-fold. In contrast, MICs of isoniazid and sulfadimethoxine have increased 30-to 35-fold. Since the determination of MICs of isoniazid and sulfadimethoxine are so greatly influenced by the size of inoculation, the determinations of MICs of these two drugs should be carried out by use of the "actual count" method (6, 7, 9) or the proportion method (8). In the actual count method, the MIC is determined by inoculating 20-100 CFU. The determination of isoniazid susceptibility of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) was influenced only slightly by the size of inoculation, but that of M. bovis (BCG) was influenced greatly as occurred in the determination of MAI complex strains.
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PMID:[Determination of the susceptibilities to antituberculosis agents in Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex]. 221 9

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex) strains were determined. The susceptibility testings were made in Ogawa egg medium, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined as the lowest concentration of drugs, in which the growth of 20 to 100 colony-forming units was completely inhibited. The MICs correspond to the MICs that can inhibit the growth of 95 to 99% of bacterial population. Bactericidal activity was determined in a modified Dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of Dubos TB Broth Base were dissolved in 180 ml of distilled water and this solution was supplemented by 20 ml of bovine serum). A one ml-sample of bacterial suspensions (10 mg wet weight per ml) was added to 9 ml of the Dubos liquid medium, and the medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days under shaking condition (56 strokes per minute; 8 cm amplitude). The bactericidal activity was measured as the number of colony-forming units contained in a 0.02 ml-sample of the medium. The bactericidal activities of rifampicin and ethambutol were weak or absent even in strains 13008 and 13016, which were very susceptible to all four drugs. However, the bactericidal activities of streptomycin and enviomycin could be observed in these strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains]. 221 13

A 27-year-old white male homosexual with AIDS presented 19 months after the initial diagnosis with persistent fever, marked dyspnea at rest, and severe substernal pain in the chest. A pericardial friction rub was auscultated, and an effusion was demonstrated echocardiographically. Pericardiocentesis yielded 220 ml of serosanguinous fluid. Special stains of the fluid for microorganisms were negative. A mycobacterial infection was suspected, and therapy with multiple antimycobacterial agents was initiated. Cultures of the fluid eventually yielded MAI. Despite therapy, cardiac function declined, and the patient died two months after presentation. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of chronic pericarditis due to MAI. Pericarditis due to MAI should be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in patients with AIDS.
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PMID:Fatal pericarditis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 272 Dec 79

Sequencing 280 bp of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes in a collection of 46 clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI complex) identified nine different sequences, grouping these isolates in nine 'ITS sequevars'. This analysis extends the subdivision within the MAI complex to 18 ITS sequevars and also improves discrimination from other mycobacterial species. Evaluation of the sequevar grouping among different clinical sources revealed strong association of the M. avium sequevar Mav-B with AIDS and with lymphadenitis in children (18 out of 20 and 3 out of 3 respectively). Isolates from elderly patients with pulmonary disease and not suspected of being HIV infected belonged predominantly to M. intracellulare ITS sequevars and sequevars not assigned to either M. avium or M. intracellulare. On the other hand, animal isolates were of both the Mav-A and Mav-B sequevars. We conclude that ITS sequevar typing is an accurate way of identifying distinct MAI complex strains. The observed differences between clinical sources suggest that ITS sequevars reflect possibly important, biologically and clinically relevant polymorphisms between MAI complex organisms.
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PMID:Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences are identical among Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex isolates from AIDS patients, but vary among isolates from elderly pulmonary disease patients. 758 34

Two cases of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium from the MAI group and another by Mycobacterium Fortuitum are presented. None of them with extrapulmonary manifestations. They were treated with a scheme of four drugs among which the Quinolone was included. The patients were adults with pulmonary processes clinically and radiologically similar to pulmonary Tuberculosis (TBC); non-tuberculous mycobacteria were isolated from the sputum. It has been shown "in vitro" that the nontuberculous mycobacteria are sensitive to the Fluoroquinolones. Thus, Ciprofloxacine or Ofloxacine were used, taking into consideration the initial polirresistence to the habitual tuberculostatics. Consequently, these patients were treated with schemes which included these new Quinolones, getting good clinical responsiveness and negativization of the sputum in all the cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of non tuberculous mycobacteriosis with quinolones]. 778 98

A sodium dodecyl (lauryl) sulfate method was evaluated for the preparation of blood specimens and bone marrow aspirates for use in two amplification procedures (Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test [AMTDT] and Roche Amplicor M. avium/M. intracellulare [MAI] Test) for the detection and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium and M. intracellulare, respectively. The AMTDT is based on amplification of rRNA, whereas the Amplicor MAI Test amplifies a specific DNA region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results of amplification techniques were compared with those of standard culture and culture in BACTEC 13A and BACTEC 12B liquid media. A total of 121 blood specimens and 15 bone marrow aspirates were collected from 136 AIDS patients. Mycobacterial growth was recovered for 103 specimens; 35 yielded M. tuberculosis, 62 yielded M. avium, 5 yielded M. genavense, and 1 yielded M. kansasii. The values of sensitivity and specificity in pretreated specimens for detection of M. tuberculosis by the AMTDT were 94.3 and 100%, respectively, and those for detection of M. avium by the Amplicor MAI Test were 91.9 and 100%, respectively. The simple lysis method described in the present work allows the recovery of mycobacteria from blood specimens and bone marrow aspirates and may be used in combination with the AMTDT and the Amplicor MAI Test to detect and identify different members of the genus Mycobacterium. This method might also be applicable for the identification of mycobacteria from blood culture fluids with acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes.
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PMID:Detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of RNA and DNA in pretreated blood and bone marrow aspirates by a simple lysis method. 923 Mar 95

40 strains of the Mycobacterium genus corresponding to 12 species, which were subjected to 62 microbiological and biochemical tests, were studied. Each one was considered as a character. As a result of the similitude coefficient and their grouping, 9 phenomes represented by: Phenome I (Mycobacterium fortuitum), Phenome II (MAI Complex), Phenome III (Mycobacterium phlei), Phenome IV (Mycobacterium triviale), Phenome V (Mycobacterium smegmatis), Phenome VI (Mycobacterium gordonae), Phenome VII (Mycobacterium szulgai), Phenome VIII (MAI Complex), and Phenome IX (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum), were obtained. The strain identification work was consistent with grouping from the phenotypic point of view.
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PMID:[Taxonomic study of species of the Mycobacterium genus isolated in Cuba]. 976 76


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