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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrate biosynthesis was studied in LPS-sensitive C3H/He and LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 15 micrograms of LPS led to a temporary 5- to 6-fold increase in blood nitrate concentration in the C3H/He strain. Levels of nitrate excreted in the urine were also increased. In contrast, no increase was observed in the C3H/HeJ strain with LPS injections up to 175 micrograms. Furthermore, thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from C3H/He, but not from C3H/HeJ mice, produced nitrite (60%) and nitrate (40%) when cultured with LPS (10 micrograms/ml). T-lymphocyte addition/depletion experiments showed the presence of T cells enhanced this response. However, LPS did not cause nitrite or nitrate production in cultures of spleen lymphocytes from either strain. LPS-induced nitrate synthesis was also observed with nude mice and CBA/N mice, indicating that neither functional T lymphocytes nor LPS-responsive B lymphocytes were required for the response in vivo. This was consistent with the in vitro results showing macrophages alone were competent. Mycobacterium bovis infection of C3H/He and C3H/HeJ mice resulted in a large increase in nitrate production over the course of the infection for both strains, suggesting T-lymphocyte-mediated activation of macrophages as a potent stimulus for nitrate biosynthesis. The synthesis of nitrite is significant in that it can directly participate in the endogenous formation of nitrosamines and may also be involved in some aspect of the chemistry of cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. 390 50

This report deals with the differential diagnosis between Mycobacterium marinum and M. kansasii. We found that the two species could be differentiated by using six main tests, namely, the nitrate reduction test, the arylsulfatase test, the ability to grow in the presence of 10.0 mug of amithiazone per ml, the ability to grow in the presence of 5.0 mug of kanamycin per ml, the temperature-ratio test, and the rate of growth on solid medium. In contrast to M. kansasii, considerable variation was observed among strains of M. marinum. However, the evidence obtained was not considered sufficient to justify the conclusion that more than one species was represented among the strains identified as M. marinum.
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PMID:Differential identification of Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum. 492 35

Successful growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium was observed in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The optimal host cell maintenance medium was composed of 40% horse serum, 50% of the chemically defined medium NCTC 109, and 10% of a 1:5 dilution of beef embryo extract, supplemented with both liver extract and ferric nitrate. Multiplication of the bacilli was observed in 1 week and maximal growth in 6 to 7 weeks. All macrophages were filled with tens to hundreds of the organisms in cultures showing maximal growth. Glycerol caused an increase in the normal length of M. lepraemurium, without a corresponding increase in the number of the bacilli. Elongation of M. lepraemurium was observed 3 or 4 days after infection. Rapid and uniform growth of M. lepraemurium was achieved in serially transferred cultures (subcultures). The cumulative increase of the number of intracellular bacilli was 1.4 x 10(20)-fold in 14 transfers over a period of 68 weeks in one series, and 10(17)-fold in 12 transfers over a period of 56 weeks in another series. The generation time of M. lepraemurium was 7 days, a growth rate which approximates the fastest growth of the organisms in vivo. Organisms harvested from cultures at various stages of growth produced murine leprosy in mice, but showed no growth in bacteriological media. The present model offers an opportunity for studies on the host-parasite relationship without the complication of extracellular growth of the parasites.
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PMID:Growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. 602 17

The goal of our present investigations was to complete our knowledge concerning the actual ability to reduce nitrate within the genus Mycobacterium and to eliminate previously reported results like "weakly reaction" or "variable reactions". The influence of conditions like reaction temperature and reaction time, substrate concentration, H+-donors, ammonia and the presence of the nitrate reductase were studied. The results can be summated as follows: 1. The nitrate reductase is more widespread within the genus Mycobacterium than it has been reported by other previous investigators. - 2. Previously doubtful results can be understood. - 3. By means of proper experimental conditions M. chelonei ssp. borstelense can be easily separated from M. chelonei ssp. chelonei, although, according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, they are recommended as synonyms.
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PMID:Nitrate reduction in so-called nitrate reductase (NR) negative strains of the genus Mycobacterium. 637 19

Acute inflammatory paw edema of rats was formed by the injection of 0.5% Mycobacterium tuberculosis-liquid parraffin suspension into the hind paw, and then the pain threshold of the inflamed paw decreased. At that time, the rats showed a three-legged gait, namely, the lame walking reaction. The reaction was inhibited by acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g., indomethacin, ibuprofen and aspirin, inhibitors of prostaglandins biosynthesis, at a lower dose level than those in the Randall-Selitto test using yeast edematous rats and in the flection tests using adjuvant arthritic or silver nitrate arthritic rats. On the other hand, basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g., tiaramide HC1, mepirizole and perisoxal citrate, not inhibitors of prostaglandins biosynthesis, were less potent than the acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the inhibition of the lame walking reaction. When prostaglandin E2 was injected into the inflamed paw, the inhibitory effects of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the reaction disappeared, but those of the basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs didn't disappear. Bradykinin had no influence on the effects of both acidic and basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the inhibition of the reaction. Analgesic evaluation with the lame walking reaction is more sensitive than with the Randall-Selitto or the flection methods. Morphine, pentazocine and acetaminophen inhibited the reaction, and these effects didn't disappear by the injection of prostaglandin E2 into the inflamed paw. These results suggest that prostaglandins play important roles in inflammatory pain, and the lameness test can serve as a new method for evaluating analgesics such as anti-inflammatory drugs and for investigating the mechanism of inflammatory pain.
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PMID:[Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the lame walking reaction in adjuvant-induced edematous rats]. 648 69

The characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium sp. isolated from three patients with Crohn's disease are presented. The organism is extremely fastidious and mycobactin dependent and may require up to 18 months of incubation for primary isolation. Colony morphology is rough. Characteristics are unlike those of any presently defined species. The isolates produced postive niacin, catalase, and 2-week arylsulfatase reactions and were susceptible to neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), and rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml). Chromogenicity, nitrate reduction, quantitative catalase, Tween hydrolysis, urease, tellurite reduction, pyrazinamidase, and 3-day arylsulfatase tests were negative, and the isolates were resistant to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml) and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml). Optimum growth in broth was determined to be in 7H9 medium with Dubos oleic albumin complex, Tween 80, and mycobactin J at 37 degrees C without CO2 or agitation and in low medium depth. This Mycobacterium sp. may be a subspecies or biovariant of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, or it may represent a new species of Mycobacterium. It is suggested that this Mycobacterium sp. may play an etiological role in some cases of Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium species isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. 651 78

A new crystalline reagent for nitrate reductase tests was compared with standard liquid reagents on 437 strains of mycobacteria. The results for isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium fortuitum, and Mycobacterium chelonei agreed 100% with the expected results. Of the 177 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, 4 were negative by the conventional method. Two of these four isolates were positive with the new reagent. Of the positive nitrate tests carried out with liquid reagents, 42% flashed instantly or faded in color; none of the tests carried out with the new crystalline reagent flashed or faded. A stronger color reaction was seen for 28% of the positive tests with the new reagent.
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PMID:An improved reagent for mycobacterial nitrate reductase tests. 668 34

The optimal pH range was from 7.0 to 7.5 in oxidative phosphorylation coupled to nitrate reduction. A cell-free extract of Escherichia coli showed weak myokinase activity. Oxidative phosphorylation coupled to nitrate reduction occurred with fractions of cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium avium. Soluble and particulate fractions separated from the cell-free extract of the organism were necessary for oxidative phosphorylation coupled to nitrate reduction. Each soluble fraction could be replaced by that obtained from another organism, e.g. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium avium. This suggests the existence of coupling factors common to these soluble fractions, and the possibility that the coupling factors are ATPase and components of the ATP-Pi exchange reaction. The P/NO3- ratio depended more on soluble fractions than on particulate fractions. Both phosphorylation and nitrate reduction activity were reduced by washing particulate fractions of Escherichia coli with 0.1 M KCl, while the P/NO3- ratio slightly increased.
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PMID:Oxidative phosphorylation coupled with nitrate respiration. IV. Replacement of soluble fraction from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium avium. 677 36

Twenty coded strains of the following species: Mycobacterium avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. chelonei, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. nonchromogenicum, M. scrofulaceum, M. terrae, M. triviale and M. xenopi, were subjected to identification in a co-operative study undertaken by seven laboratories of four countries (CSSR, GDR, PRP and USSR). Three of these laboratories recognized 18-19 (90-95%) of the strains, three others 15-17 (75-85%) and one laboratory recognized 8 (40%) strains. In the correctly identified species, agreement between the tests used by all participants was evaluated. The highest rates of agreement in positive or negative results (04-100%) were obtained for nitrate reduction, detection of arylsulphatase, urease and nicotinamidase in M. kansasii, M. avium-intracellulare and M. fortuitum.
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PMID:Agreement and disagreement between laboratories in species identification of mycobacteria. 702 35

Recent outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by organisms identified as the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex suggest that species and subspecies identification is epidemiologically important. In a study of 170 strains, M. fortuitum was differentiated from M. chelonei by nitrate reduction and iron uptake. M. fortuitum was further divided into biovariant fortuitum, biovar peregrinum, and an unnamed third biovar by inositol and mannitol utilization. M. chelonei was further divided into subsp. chelonei, subsp. abscessus, and an unnamed subspecies by tolerance to 5% sodium chloride, utilization of mannitol and sodium citrate, and uptake of iron.
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PMID:Identification of clinically significant Mycobacterium fortuitum complex isolates. 703 41


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