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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of eight disinfectant sprays on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with three microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, or Bacillus subtilis) or mixed oral flora. Alcide LD, OMC II, Biocide, and Professional Lysol Spray were relatively ineffective under the test conditions. Sporicidin and 0.525% sodium hypochlorite were able to effect a 4-log10 (99.99%) reduction against S aureus only. A 4-log10 reduction in bacterial counts was achieved by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and Impresept in all tests except against B subtilis. Full-strength sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) was the most effective disinfectant overall and required the shortest contact time.
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PMID:Efficacy of various spray disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. 152 Apr 43

The activities of 10 formulations as mycobactericidal agents in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-contaminated suspensions (suspension test) and stainless steel surfaces (carrier test) were investigated with sputum as the organic load. The quaternary ammonium compound, chlorhexidine gluconate, and an iodophor were ineffective in all tests. Ethanol (70%) was effective against M. tuberculosis only in suspension in the absence of sputum. Povidone-iodine was not as efficacious when the test organism was dried on a surface as it was in suspension, and its activity was further reduced in the presence of sputum. Sodium hypochlorite required a higher concentration of available chlorine to achieve an effective level of disinfection than did sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Phenol (5%) was effective under all test conditions, producing at least a 4-log10 reduction in CFU. The undiluted glutaraldehyde-phenate solution was effective against M. tuberculosis and a second test organism, Mycobacterium smegmatis, even in the presence of dried sputum, whereas the diluted solution (1:16) was only effective against M. smegmatis in the suspension test. A solution of 2% glutaraldehyde was effective against M. tuberculosis. This investigation presents tuberculocidal efficacy data generated by methods simulating actual practices of routine disinfection.
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PMID:Efficacies of selected disinfectants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 212 83

The efficacy of nine disinfectants on Mycobacterium smegmatis was tested in the presence of sputum, using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. Glutaraldehyde, povidone iodine, and chlorhexidine gluconate produced at least a 6-log10 reduction in CFU in all tests. Four disinfectants (sodium dichloroisocyanurate, phenol, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite) were not as effective in the carrier tests as in the suspension tests; this difference ranged from a 1- to a 5-log10 reduction in CFU. The efficacy of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite was further reduced (3- and 1-log10 reductions in CFU, respectively) in the presence of sputum. The quaternary ammonium compound and iodophor were ineffective in all tests. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for a quantitative carrier test such as the one presented here.
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PMID:Comparative mycobactericidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants in suspension and carrier tests. 314 13

The possible use of sodium hypochlorite solution buffered to pH 7.6 and containing 100 ppm available chlorine (avCl) for disinfecting fibrescopes was investigated. A flexible fibrescope experimentally contaminated with Pseudomonas putida, Mycobacterium fortuitum, or Bacillus subtilis spores was effectively disinfected within 10 m in repeatedly and without any observable adverse effect on the instrument. The corrosive nature of buffered hypochlorite was investigated by immersing various fibrescope components and metal wires in solutions of different strength for long periods and examining them for damage. Stainless steel, platinum, glass, Teflon, polythene and epoxy resin were apparently unaffected whereas polyurethane, rubber and other metals tested were damaged to different extents. Buffered hypochlorite solutions may have many applications pertaining to the disinfection of items which are either thermolabile or require rapid effective disinfection.
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PMID:Use of buffered hypochlorite solution for disinfecting fibrescopes. 680 80

This study evaluated the effectiveness of four disinfectants for irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. Impressions were made of a sterile metal model of the maxillary arch that had been contaminated with one of the following bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium bovis, or Bacillus subtilis. The impressions were cultured before and after immersion in one of the following disinfectants: lodofive, OMC II, 0.525% sodium hypochlorite, or Alcide LD. Alcide LD achieved a 4-log10 (99.99%) or greater reduction in colony forming units for all five organisms plus mixed oral flora. Sodium hypochlorite achieved a 4-log10 reduction in three of the five organisms and mixed oral flora. Iodofive and OMC II were ineffective against all test organisms and mixed oral flora.
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PMID:Immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. Part 1: Microbiology. 780 9

Current American Dental Association infection control guidelines recommend immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, and this study further defines the parameters for use of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite has been shown to be an effective disinfectant for impressions; however, it has not been fully evaluated for optimum immersion time and concentration. In this study, irreversible hydrocolloid impressions contaminated with different bacteria were immersed in varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for 1, 5, or 10 minutes. Dilute solutions of sodium hypochlorite (0.525% or 0.0525%) produced a 4-log10 (99.99%) reduction in colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 1 to 5 minutes' immersion. Full-strength sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) required 5 minutes to produce a 4-log10 reduction of Bacillus subtilis. A 4-log10 reduction of Mycobacterium bovis was not obtained under any conditions examined.
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PMID:Immersion disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impressions with sodium hypochlorite. Part I: Microbiology. 791 88

Tuberculosis continues to be a major world health threat. The etiologic agent is among the vegetative organisms most resistant to chemical disinfection. Tuberculocidal efficacy testing for regulatory approval of chemical germicides has evolved considerably over the past decade. A method currently in use is the Environmental Protection Agency Tuberculocidal Activity Test Method, a suspension test using a Mycobacterium bovis culture grown under specific conditions and stored frozen until used. Differing tuberculocidal label claims on products with similar formulations have raised questions concerning the equivalence of test suspensions prepared by different laboratories. Five M. bovis suspensions from laboratories currently performing this test were compared against a battery of three disinfectants at a single test site. A significant difference between test cultures was found, with two of the five exhibiting a significant difference from the other three and also from each other. There was a significant culture-by-disinfectant interaction, indicating that the five cultures did not respond in a consistent manner across the different disinfectants used. However, these differences were due to cultures that were not prepared in accordance with the standard procedure or otherwise did not meet the test suspension criteria. In addition, a 0.55% sodium hypochlorite solution was found to be a sensitive indicator of culture variability. These data reinforce the need to adhere to published procedures and guidelines when growing and preparing a tuberculocidal test suspension and shed light on the variables associated with this type of testing.
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PMID:Culture variability associated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tuberculocidal Activity Test Method. 870 59

Direct microscopy is the only available method for diagnosis of tuberculosis in most centres in developing countries. Methods to improve the sensitivity of direct smear are an urgent requirement. Sputum specimens artificially seeded with known concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were liquefied and decontaminated with sodium hydroxide-sodium citrate-N-actyl-L-cysteine solutions. They were subjected to different centrifugation forces and centrifugation times after which the centrifuged deposits were examined by smear and culture. Statistical analysis of results was carried out using EpiInfo version 6.0. The optimum relative centrifugal force (RCF) and centrifugation time combination was 4000 g for 15 min. The sensitivity of detection at an RCF of 4000 g for 15 min was 5000 organisms/mL and 500 organisms/mL for smear and culture, respectively. When results of 163 clinical samples were analyzed after centrifugation at 4000 g for 15 min sensitivity of the direct smear improved from 63% to 92% (P < 0.05) and negative predictive value from 30.5% to 45% (P < 0.05) when culture was considered the 'gold standard'. With the concentrated smear there was a reduction in specificity from 82% to 60% (P > 0.05). As most laboratories are equipped with a simple centrifuge, smear sensitivity can be improved with this simple modification. The other advantage is that the same centrifuged deposit can be cultured, in contrast to when sodium hypochlorite is used for liquefaction.
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PMID:The optimum relative centrifugal force and centrifugation time for improved sensitivity of smear and culture for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum. 1067 89

We isolated a rapidly growing, pigment-producing mycobacterium from senescent tissue cultures derived from mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The bacterium was found in three senescent suspension cultures and in a senescent protoplast culture. Growth of Scots pine cells had ceased in all of these cultures. Exogenous contamination was eliminated by rigorous surface sterilization of the buds with hypochlorite before aseptic removal of the bud scales. Based on biochemical and physiological properties and DNA sequence comparisons, the isolated mycobacterium did not belong to any known species. Its sequence most closely resembled those of Mycobacterium obuense (97%) and M. aichiense (96%). Tissue browning was frequently observed in callus or suspension culture of Scots pine. Because the effect of the mycobacterium on growth of undifferentiated tissues that were browning was difficult to evaluate, we applied the bacterium to Scots pine seeds in aseptic conditions. Seedlings grown in the presence of the mycobacterium had shorter hypocotyls than control seedlings and seedlings cocultivated with a Pseudomonas strain known to be harmless to plants. However, hypocotyl growth of seedlings cocultivated with another mycobacterium, M. chlorophenolicum, was similar to that observed in the presence of the isolated mycobacterium. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of seedlings cocultivated with the mycobacterium isolate was significantly higher than that of control seedlings or seedlings cocultivated with M. chlorophenolicum or Pseudomotnas fluorescens. We believe that this is the first report of the isolation of mycobacteria from tissue cultures of a tree. Our finding that the mycobacterium may interfere with the growth of Scots pine in vitro warrants further study.
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PMID:A mycobacterium isolated from tissue cultures of mature Pinus sylvestris interferes with growth of Scots pine seedlings. 1130 82

The synthesis of six 3-aryl-5-(n-propyl)-4,5dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 3a-f has been achieved in a facile manner by the reaction of an appropriate arylamidoxime 1a-f with butyraldehyde 2. Oxidation of 3a-f individually using MnO(2) in CH(2)Cl(2) or sodium hypochlorite in THF/H(2)O furnished 1,2,4-oxadiazoles 4a-f in good to excellent yields. Compounds 4a-f were also evaluated against inflammation. Except 4e, all of them reduced inflammation, however, 4c presented better antiinflammatory activity. A preliminary antimicrobial activity tests of 3a-f showed that these compounds possess activity against some microorganisms. In fact, 3c and 3f have been found to be more effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Candida albicans.
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PMID:Antiinflammatory property of 3-aryl-5-(n-propyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and antimicrobial property of 3-aryl-5-(n-propyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: their syntheses and spectroscopic studies. 1265 68


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