Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nonsurgical, less aggressive, less toxic chemotherapeutic protocol for the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTB) pulmonary infections has been uniformly applied to patients in our institution between 1972 and 1985. Forty-three nonimmunocompromised patients with active lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) (n = 26), M kansasii (n = 16), and M xenopi (n = 1) were identified retrospectively. Eighteen MAI patients were treated with three or four antituberculosis agents resulting in sputum conversion and clinical improvement in 12 (67 percent). Additionally, 11 out of 16 (69 percent) patients completing therapy or still undergoing therapy for persistent MAI disease, achieved sputum conversion and clinical improvement after prolonged therapy (3.6 +/- 0.5 years [SEM]). When M kansasii was identified as the etiologic agent, all patients were treated with four or fewer antituberculosis agents and 14 out of 16 patients (88 percent) achieved sputum conversion and clinical improvement throughout the follow-up period. We conclude that the use of three or four chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of NTM lung disease provides an excellent probability of successful outcome even in MAI infections.
 ...
PMID:Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Substantiation of a less aggressive approach. 334 64

An epidemiologic study of NTM was conducted by the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospital. The case cards of patients with NTM disease from 97 sanatoriums were studied. The total number of NTM patients newly admitted to these sanatoriums was 3,057 in the 8 years from 1985 to 1992. The number of NTM patients increased each year, and the prevalence was estimated at 2.99 per 10(5) population in 1992, which was double what it had been in 1985. In contrast, the rate of tuberculosis (Tbc) announced officially by the Ministry of Public Welfare was 15.2 (the rate was almost unchanged over the 8 years from 1985 to 1992). A total of 3,731 patients were supposed to be newly afflicted with NTM in 1992, and they accounted for 16% of all bacilli-positive patients infected with acid-fast bacilli. Of all NTM patients, 80% were infected with Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) and 10% were infected with M. kanaasii. In MAC cases, M. avium was predominant in the northern half of Japan (from Kinki to Hokkaido) and M. intracellulare was predominant in the southern half (from Chugoku to Kyushu). Of all the MAC patients, 52.7% female, the average age was 68 years, and in 52.3% of these patients the MAC infection accompanied other diseases such as bronchiectasis. Of the patients with M. kansasii, 92.7% were male, the average age was 53 years, and only 32.5% of the patients had other diseases. To obtain treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs at public expense, many patients with NTM may be registered officially as Tbc patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) in Japan]. 760 34

The epidemiologic study for NTM was conducted among 211 national, provincial and private sanatoriums in Japan. The case cards of patients with NTM disease from 97 hospitals were collected by questionary method. The total number of NTM patients newly admitted in these hospitals were 2,873 in 7 years from 1985 to 1991, and the culture positive tuberculosis patients were 22,836 cases in the same period. The number of NTM patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and with Mycobacterium kansasii were 1,675 and 240 respectively. The NTM patients were increasing year by year and the prevalence rate was estimated at 2.45 per 10(5) population in 1991, while on the other hand the rate of tuberculosis announced officially by the Ministry of Public Welfare was 15.0 in 1991 (rates were almost the same in these 7 years). The almost 3,000 patients were supposed to be affected by NTM in 1991, and one out of 7 patients infected by acid fast bacilli may be NTM case. The 3 out of 4 NTM patients are MAC cases and another one is M. kansasii case. In MAC cases M. avium are predominant in the northern half (from Kinki to Hokkaido) and M. intracellulare are predominant in the southern half (from Tyugoku to Kyushu) of Japan. For MAC cases, the number of patients were almost the same in male and female, the average age was 66 and 67 years respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) in Japan--epidemiologic and clinical study]. 812 88

Recovery rates of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and the mean time to their detection from clinical specimens were determined by using the fluorescent BACTEC 9000 MB system. Data were compared to those assessed by the radiometric BACTEC 460 system and by cultivation on solid media. A total of 3,095 specimens were processed with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH by two laboratories. The contamination rates for the BACTEC 9000 MB system were 6.8% (center 1) and 9.8% (center 2). A total of 451 mycobacterial isolates were detected (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, n = 296; nontuberculous mycobacteria [NTM], n = 155). These isolates originated from 94 (20.8%) smear-positive and 357 (79.2%) smear-negative specimens. The BACTEC 9000 MB system was significantly better than solid media (P < 0.05) in detecting AFB, but it was less efficient than the radiometric system (P < 0.01). The BACTEC 9000 MB system plus solid media (combination A) recovered 393 (87.1%) of the isolates, while the BACTEC 460 system plus solid media (combination B) detected 430 (95.3%) of all AFB isolates. Between combination A and B there was no statistically significant difference for the detection of isolates from smear-positive specimens (P > 0.05), in contrast to the recovery of AFB from smear-negative specimens for M. tuberculosis complex, P < 0.05; for NTM, P < 0.01). The mean time to detection of M. tuberculosis complex was 12.2 days for smear-positive specimens and 18.1 days for smear-negative specimens with the BACTEC 9000 MB system; 9.3 and 15.6 days, respectively, with the BACTEC 460 system; and 21.2 and 28.4 days, respectively, with solid media. For NTM, the average detection times were 15.1, 17.3, and 31.3 days by the three methods, respectively. In conclusion, the BACTEC 9000 MB system is a rapid, less labor-intensive detection system which allows for higher levels of recovery of AFB than solid media. There is no risk of cross contamination, which is known to be the case for the BACTEC 460 system, and data management is greatly facilitated. As a whole, however, the BACTEC 9000 MB system should only be used in conjunction with solid media.
 ...
PMID:Rapid detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens by using the automated BACTEC 9000 MB system and comparison with radiometric and solid-culture systems. 927 93

Two rapid procedures, restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified segment of the gene encoding for the 65000 mol. wt heat shock protein and a polymerase chain reaction with single universal primer (UP-PCR), were used for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n = 47) and proving the species identity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM, n=36) cultured from clinical samples by comparing the resulting DNA banding pattern with patterns derived from mycobacterial type strains (n = 24). UP-PCR assay provided a rather wide limit of tolerance for variations in procedure. Although mycobacterial strains were found to generate species-specific banding patterns in both assays, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains and isolates produced nearly the same DNA patterns, which were very distinctive from that of all NTM tested. Investigation of the majority of M. fortuitum (n = 14) and M. kansasii (n = 7), mycobacteria most frequently causing mycobacterioses in the region, as well as other NTM isolates, showed reproducible patterns characteristic of corresponding type strains. Both methods combine the advantages of ordinary PCR and PCR 'fingerprinting', namely, the species-specific DNA pattern and primers applicable to different species. They may be applied as rapid tests for proving the identity of Mycobacterium species in a clinical laboratory.
 ...
PMID:Use of restriction enzyme analysis of amplified DNA coding for the hsp65 gene and polymerase chain reaction with universal primer for rapid differentiation of mycobacterium species in the clinical laboratory. 1006 48

We compared the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 (MGIT 960) and Ogawa medium (OM) for the detection of mycobacteria (acid fast bacteria: AFB) using 882 sputum specimens. Overall, 120 strains of AFB were isolated by the MGIT 960 system and 99 strains of AFB were isolated by using OM. As far as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is concerned, 88 and 71 isolates were achieved by the MGIT 960 and OM respectively. A total of 28 isolates (18 isolates of M. tuberculosis and 10 isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria: NTM) were detected by the MGIT 960 only whereas only 2 isolates (1 M. tuberculosis and 1 NTM) were detected by OM only. Of these sputum specimens, 72 were smear positive for AFB. The rates of smear negative but culture positive specimens were 8.0% (65 out of 809) for the MGIT 960 system and 6.2% (50 out of 809) for OM. The contamination rate for MGIT 960 was only 1.2%. The average time required for detection of M. tuberculosis was 14.1 days by the MGIT 960 system and 24.6 days by OM. For the NTM, the average detection time were 8.3 days for the MGIT 960 system and 22.8 days for OM. These results indicate that the MGIT 960 system allows detection of mycobacteria significantly faster than OM.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT), an automated culture system for detection of mycobacteria from clinical specimens]. 1021 95

HIV is a major health problem in Thailand. These patients are vulnerable to opportunistic infections, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MAC infection. However, NTM was considered a rare disease in Thailand before the AIDS era. In this study, there were 38 HIV seropositive patients with NTM (other than MAC) identified from clinical specimens during the 3 year period 1998-2000 at Siriraj Hospital, which has a higher prevalence than the previous report. Among these patients, 29 cases were likely to have had definite infection from NTM, 5 cases possibly had NTM as a pathogen, and 4 cases had NTM as colonization. The most common site of infection was the lung (87%) and most common symptoms were cough (62.2%), fever (34.2%), weight loss (42.1%), and lymphadenopathy (5.3%). The outcome was poor because many NTM are not susceptible to standard medication for tuberculosis which is the empirical treatment for the majority of HIV seropositive patients with a clinical finding suspected of mycobacterial infection. The fatality rate was as high as 58.6 per cent. Awareness of NTM as a potential pathogen in HIV seropositive patientsand adjustment of medications even before the availability of culture results may improve the outcome of treatment of NTM infection in HIV seropositive patients.
 ...
PMID:Infection due to nontuberculous Mycobacterium other than MAC in AIDS patients at Siriraj hospital during 1998-2000: saprophyte vs pathogen. 1240 9

The genus Mycobacterium consists of >50 species that have been associated with human disease. Mycobacterium are categorised into M. tuberculosis and NTM that are also subdivided into rapid growers and non-rapid growers. Five major clinical syndromes have been described that are attributable to mycobacterium. These include: pulmonary disease; lymphadenitis; skin, soft tissue, and skeletal infections; catheter-related blood-stream infections in immunocompromised hosts; and disseminated disease in persons with AIDS. There is very limited documentation of person-to-person transmission of NTM. Nosocomial infections and outbreaks caused by inadequate disinfection/sterilisation of medical devices or environmental contamination of medications or medical devices are well described. Staining for AFB, culture, histopathologic, or genetic amplification technologies are used to detect and identify mycobacterium. Pulsed- field gel electrophoresis is the method of choice to determine strain relatedness. At present, susceptibility testing for non-tuberculous mycobacteria is not fully standardised and has not been correlated with clinical outcomes.
 ...
PMID:The mycobacteriology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. 1498 Feb 75

Effective antimicrobial treatment of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) has not been established. Clarithromycin (CAM) is an extremely important drug in treatment regimens of MAC diseases. Except for monotherapy, the clinical features of CAM resistance are not clear. We investigated the clinical background of CAM resistance of pulmonary MAC disease patients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CAM to 283 strains of M. avium and 58 strains of M. intracellulare were determined by drug susceptibility test using BrothMIC NTM. All 243 M. avium isolates from untreated patients except one isolate were susceptible to CAM. We also examined CAM susceptibility of 40 pulmonary disease patients who received chemotherapy including CAM during a period of over 6 months. Seventeen patients (43%) were resistant to CAM. All (17/17) resistant patients were treated with CAM monotherapy. However 8 of the 23 (35%) susceptible patients were also treated with monotherapy. Many resistant patients were treated with high dose CAM monotherapy and were classified as the non-nodular bronchiectasis type. However 7 of 8 susceptible patients despite long-term monotherapy were the nodular bronchiectasis type. High dose CAM monotherapy and non-nodular bronchiectasis subtype were considered to be risk factors for CAM resistance.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical features and treatment history of clarithromycin resistance in M. avium-intracellulare complex pulmonary disease patients]. 1776 85

Multi-colour flow cytometry was applied to determine T-cell-specific interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression in children with tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial lymphadenopathy (NTM-L). In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculin) and M. avium (sensitin) revealed differential recognition of tuberculin and sensitin in both study groups. Ratios of tuberculin-specific and sensitin-specific T-cell proportions in individual patients discriminated between children with tuberculosis or NTM-L. These findings have the potential to improve the differential diagnosis of mycobacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:T-cell responses against tuberculin and sensitin in children with tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterial lymphadenopathy. 1904 Apr 80


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>