Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 41-year-old Somalian female inhabitant of The Netherlands presented with malaise and cervical lymph node swelling. Enlarged mediastinal, hilar and abdominal lymph nodes were found on CT scan. Subsequently the left lacrimal gland became swollen, accompanied by periostitis of the lateral orbit margin. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from lymph node tissue and the diagnosis of tuberculous dacryoadenitis with periostitis was made on CT images and histology. All lesions responded well to tuberculostatic treatment. Although tuberculous dacryoadenitis is a very rare manifestation of tuberculosis, it is still important to recognise this presentation, especially since the incidence of tuberculosis continues to increase in Western countries.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous dacryoadenitis: a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. 1248 80

Mycobacterium celatum has been shown to cause disease in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of serious pulmonary infection caused by M. celatum in an apparently immunocompetent patient and review the characteristics of two other reported cases. Clinical and radiologic symptoms and signs included cough, malaise, and weight loss associated with cavitary lesions and pulmonary infiltrates. Although M. celatum is easy to detect in clinical specimens by liquid and solid media, it may be misidentified as a member of the M. tuberculosis complex or as M. xenopi. M. celatum pulmonary infection appears to respond to antimycobacterial chemotherapy, particularly with clarithromycin.
 ...
PMID:Mycobacterium celatum pulmonary infection in the immunocompetent: case report and review. 1264 43

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory data of children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) treated at our hospital from 1990 to 1999 to determine the optimal method of diagnosing TBM. The evaluated diagnostic criteria for TBM were as follows: (1) fever and malaise as symptoms of acute/subacute inflammation, (2) positive cerebrospinal fluid and/or gastric aspirate cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, (3) pleocytosis of cerebrospinal fluid, and (4) a good response to anti-tuberculous therapy. The data for eleven patients (6 boys, 5 girls) with TBM (mean age, 10.7 months) were reviewed. Three patients (27%) were previously vaccinated with BCG. A known contact with tuberculosis was established at the time of admission in four patients (36%). Symptoms related to tuberculosis appeared on the average 14.8 days before the diagnosis. Three patients (27%) were diagnosed as clinical stage I, three (27%) as stage II, and five (46%) as stage III; all patients had fever (100%). With regard to the cerebrospinal fluid examinations, pleocytosis with mononuclear predominance was noted in all patients but one (91%), and mycobacterial staining was positive in three patients (27%). Tuberculin skin test was positive in four out of 10 patients (40%). Mycobacterial staining of gastric aspirate was positive in four patients (36%). Chest radiological examinations showed a swelling of the mediastinal lymphonodes and/or parenchymal infiltration in all patients (100%). A cranial CT examination demonstrated a basal meningeal enhancement in all patients (100%), hydrocephalus in nine patients (82%), and infarction in eight patients (73%). These results suggest that chest and cranial CT examinations are useful adjunct methods for diagnosis of TBM in infants and young children suffering from meningitis with pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid and mononuclear predominance, in addition to conventional methods such as the tuberculin skin test, plain chest radiography, and staining for mycobacteria in body fluids.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of cranial and chest imaging in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis among infants and young children]. 1266 46

Grecz, Nicholas (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), and Gail M. Dack. Taxonomically significant color reactions of Brevibacterium linens. J. Bacteriol. 82:241-246. 1961.-Brevibacterium linens was observed to give characteristic color reactions with certain bases and acids. An intensive carmine-red color appeared immediately after addition of a drop of 5 n sodium hydroxide, 5 n potassium hydroxide, and saturated barium hydroxide. A light carmine-red was given by lithium hydroxide, and a light orange-red with a milky suspension of calcium hydroxide. No discernible color change was given with weak bases such as ammonium hydroxide, aniline, and pyridine.A characteristic salmon-pink color was produced when B. linens was rubbed with a glass rod in a drop of glacial acetic acid or filter paper; a brick-red color was produced with aniline under these conditions. With syrupy phosphoric acid a green color appeared within 3 to 4 min which turned blue after approximately 3 hr. The blue color was stable for several days. On the basis of these color reactions, B. linens could be distinguished from other microorganisms possessing yellow-orange pigmentation, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus flavus, Micrococcus citreus, Mycobacterium phlei, Sarcina lutea. Therefore, these color changes may be used for the identification of B. linens. Original isolates of B. linens from cheese were tested by these spot reactions and all presumptive identifications could be subsequently confirmed by conventional methods. Blue and green colors appeared in all yellow-orange chromogens treated with sulfuric, perchloric, and hydrochloric acids and hence these colors were not specific for B. linens.
 ...
PMID:Taxonomically significant color reactions of Brevibacterium linens. 1370 47

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.) and Guy P. Youmans. Effect of mycosuppressin on the respiration and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 84:708-715. 1962.-A substance, called mycosuppressin, was found in the lungs of guinea pigs and rabbits vaccinated with BCG or with a particulate immunizing fraction isolated from mycobacterial cells, and was not found in lungs of unvaccinated animals. Mycosuppressin inhibited the endogenous respiration and the growth of the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also inhibited the endogenous respiration of the avirulent H37Ra strain and the saprophyte, M. smegmatis, but it increased the respiration of M. phlei. The oxidation by the H37Rv strain of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and glucose was also inhibited. Cytochrome oxidase activity was suppressed. Mycosuppressin was most stable at pH 6 to 7. It was nondialyzable, stable at 98 C, and not affected by lyophilization or freezing. It was soluble, in alcohol and acetone, insoluble in ether and water. Under appropriate conditions, mycosuppressin combined with, or was adsorbed to, mycobacterial cells, and was inactivated by serum and bovine serum albumin. It did not inhibit but, instead increased markedly, the respiration of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
 ...
PMID:Effect of mycosuppressin on the respiration and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1400 60

Yotis, William W. (Loyola University, Chicago, Ill.). Absorption of the antibacterial serum factor by staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 85:911-917. 1963.-The absorption of antibacterial serum factor by eight bacterial species and one yeast showed good correlation with the sensitivity of the organisms to the serum factor. The serum factor was removed from aqueous solution by coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative strains of staphylococci and Bacillus subtilis, and the oxygen consumption of the bacteria was inhibited by prior exposure to the serum factor. Escherichia coli, Neisseria catarrhalis, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus megaterium, Mycobacterium phlei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae failed to absorb the serum factor, and their respiration was not inhibited by prior exposure to 40 mg or more of the serum factor per ml. Staphylococci treated with 0.25 mg per ml of coagulase were almost completely refractory to the antibacterial action of 2 mg of serum factor per ml, and the serum factor was not absorbed. When the staphylococci were first treated with the serum factor, subsequent treatment with coagulase had no effect. Exposure of staphylocci to heat (70 C for 1 hr), 3.6% formaldehyde, 1 n sodium hydroxide, and 1 n hydrochloric acid did not prevent absorption of the serum factor. However, pretreatment with 88% liquefied phenol partially prevented serum factor absorption. The absorption and antibacterial activity of the serum factor were dependent on the concentration, the time and temperature of exposure, and the nature and concentration of salts present.
 ...
PMID:ABSORPTION OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL SERUM FACTOR BY STAPHYLOCOCCI. 1404 62

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Guy P. Youmans. Further studies on a labile immunogenic particulate substance isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 87:278-285. 1964.-A particulate fraction which was highly immunogenic for mice was collected by ultracentrifugation from mycobacteria disrupted in 0.25 m sucrose buffer. The active immunogenic material was present in the gelatinous pellet obtained after centrifugation at 40,000 rev/min (144,000 x g) for 3 hr. This active material could be prepared free from whole cells and cell walls. This was done either by several centrifugations at lower speeds, or by filtering the supernatant fluid from the 10,000 rev/min centrifugation through a Millipore filter (porosity 0.5 mu). No microorganisms were found on slides or in cultures made from these filtrates. The immunogenic moiety in the particulate fraction was found to be very labile. Temperatures higher than 0 to 4 C inactivated the immunogenic activity. There was an irreversible linear decrease in activity as the temperature increased. If fractions were frozen or lyophilized, the activity remained as high as the original material for 4 weeks, and then rapidly decreased. The immunogenic material also was very sensitive to the hydrogen-ion concentration; the optimal activity was found at pH 6.8 to 7.0. The activity decreased rapidly at more acid or alkaline pH values. Also, particulate fraction prepared in sucrose buffer at pH 7.3 and 7.6 was much less active than that prepared in sucrose buffer at pH 7.0. Immunogenic activity was decreased if the particulate fraction was dialyzed overnight against 0.01 m phosphate buffer or distilled water at 4 C. The detergent sodium lauryl sulfate inactivated immunogenic activity. Moreover, the use of a Waring Blendor to blend the ruptured cell mass before centrifugation decreased the activity. Finally, a markedly lower activity resulted if both the 20,000 and 40,000 rev/min centrifugations were done the day after the rupture of the cells. Some refinements in technique which are used now in the preparation of the particulate fraction are detailed.
 ...
PMID:FURTHER STUDIES ON A LABILE IMMUNOGENIC PARTICULATE SUBSTANCE ISOLATED FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. 1415 Oct 45

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Guy P. Youmans. Effect of mitochondrial stabilizers on the immunogenicity of the particulate fraction isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 87:1346-1354. 1964.-A number of substances which have been used to stabilize mammalian mitochondrial preparations were tested to determine whether they would similarly affect the immunogenicity of a particulate fraction prepared from ruptured viable attenuated mycobacterial cells. The use of 0.44 m sucrose and the presence of 3 x 10(-2)m MgCl(2) during the preparatory processes markedly increased the immunogenicity of the particulate fraction. The increase was so great that immunogenic preparations were then consistently obtained which, in adequate dosage, were more immunogenic in CF-1 male mice than were viable attenuated mycobacterial cells. On the other hand, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), citrate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone when present during the preparatory processes reduced the immunogenicity. The addition of MgCl(2), ethylene-diaminetetraacetate, or ATP to the particulate fraction after it had been prepared did not increase its immunogenicity. When the particles were prepared in the 0.44 m sucrose buffer alone, incorporated in Freund's adjuvant, and injected intraperitoneally, immunogenicity was increased. However, this increase was not significantly greater than that obtained when the particles were prepared in the sucrose buffer containing MgCl(2). The immune state engendered in mice by the intraperitoneal injection of the particulate fraction persisted for at least 12 weeks.
 ...
PMID:EFFECT OF MITOCHONDRIAL STABILIZERS ON THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE PARTICULATE FRACTION ISOLATED FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. 1418 12

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Guy P. Youmans. Nature of the labile immunogenic substance in the particulate fraction isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 88:1030-1037. 1964.-Deoxyribonuclease had no effect on the immunogenic activity of the labile particulate fraction isolated from ruptured viable cells of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but decreased the ropiness of the ruptured cellular mass. Ribonuclease, in a high concentration, decreased the immunogenic activity slightly. Addition of yeast ribonucleic acid to particulate fraction incubated at 37 C prevented the decrease in immunogenic activity which normally occurs at this temperature, suggesting that endogenous ribonuclease may be involved in the reduction of activity. Differential centrifugation by the use of Brodie's (1962) method showed that the particles which sedimented at 56,550 x g were immunogenically active. Experiments were done to determine whether the integrity of the structure of the particle was necessary for immunogenic activity. It was found that sonic oscillation, freezing and thawing several times, the addition of surface-active agents (sodium lauryl sulfate or deoxycholate), and preparation of the particulate fraction in hypotonic solutions either decreased or destroyed immunogenic activity. This strengthens the evidence that a structural unit is necessary for activity. In addition, both a waxy sediment and the smallest particles which sedimented only at 144,000 x g were highly immunogenic if incorporated into Freund's incomplete adjuvant. In the absence of adjuvant, neither produced any immunity.
 ...
PMID:NATURE OF THE LABILE IMMUNOGENIC SUBSTANCE IN THE PARTICULATE FRACTION ISOLATED FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. 1421 15

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Guy P. Youmans. Immunogenic activity of a ribosomal fraction obtained from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 89:1291-1298. 1965.-The highly immunogenic particulate fraction obtained from mechanically ruptured cells of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was suspended and centrifuged at 20,360 x g. The supernatant liquid from this centrifugation was centrifuged at 56,550 x g to remove the larger particles, and the supernatant liquid from this was centrifuged at 144,000 x g to obtain a ribosomal fraction. The sediments from the first two centrifugations were highly immunogenic, but the ribosomal fraction showed only slight capacity to immunize mice. However, when the ribosomal fraction was mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, the immunogenic activity was equivalent to the particulate fraction from which it was prepared. To test the hypothesis that some membranous substance in the particulate fraction was acting as an adjuvant for the smaller particles in the ribosomal fraction, portions of the particulate fraction were treated separately with each of the membrane-disrupting agents, sodium deoxycholate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and 1 m sodium chloride. The treated materials were then centrifuged at 144,000 x g, and the sediments were tested for immunogenicity both with and without the addition of Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Without the adjuvant, the immunizing activities were very weak or absent; with the adjuvant, they were equivalent to that of the particulate fraction from which they were prepared. Other factors which have been found to damage or destroy membranes, such as freezing and thawing, and heat, also significantly decreased the immunogenic activity of the particulate fraction unless it was incorporated into Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The larger particles which sedimented at 56,550 x g were also treated with sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium chloride. Again, immunogenicity was greatly reduced but was fully restored by use of Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The data suggest, then, that the immunizing component of the particulate fraction is a substance (ribosomal?) which sediments at 144,000 x g, but for maximal immunizing activity a labile, possibly membranous, moiety of the mycobacterial cell, which has the properties of an adjuvant, is required.
 ...
PMID:IMMUNOGENIC ACTIVITY OF A RIBOSOMAL FRACTION OBTAINED FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. 1429


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>