Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary endobronchial localization of tuberculosis without change on chest X-ray is a rare clinical entity, and bronchoscopic examination is most appropriate to reveal such an occurrence. A 38-year-old man and a 52-year-old woman underwent fibre-optic bronchoscopy many months after the onset of cough with poor sputum and dyspnoea on exercise, chest X-ray being normal. In both cases, a widespread granulomatous involvement of the tracheo-bronchial tree was found and cultures of bronchial wash grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients recovered after 6 months of combined anti-tuberculous and steroid therapy; the granulomatous lesions disappeared but stenoses were found in the trachea and/or main bronchi. In one case, CO2 laser therapy was performed with no improvement.
 ...
PMID:Airway stenosis after tracheo-bronchial tuberculosis. 912 9

The aetiology and outcome of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were evaluated in 60 adult patients (38 male 22 female, mean age 68.4 years). They were randomized for treatment with either ceftazidime or imipenem/cilastatin intravenously for 7 days. Bacteriological diagnoses were made in 25 cases (41.6%): Streptococcus pneumoniae (5), Haemophilus influenzae (5), Pseudomonas spp. in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Chlamydia spp. (2), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2) and Moraxella catarrhalis (3); mixed organisms were found in 4 patients. Forty-two patients (70%) responded satisfactorily to the regimens with improvement in sputum purulence cough and dyspnoea scores; there was no difference in response between the two groups. Sixteen patients (26.6%) underwent bronchoscopy on day 4 because of inadequate response to the antibiotics regimens, and 9 of them (15%) required a modification of the initial treatment with addition of erythromycin in 5 patients vancomycin in 1 cloxacillin in 1 and antituberculous drugs in 2. Three out of the 60 patients (5%) died of pulmonary sepsis: the aetiological agents were M. tuberculosis in one, Pseudomonas spp./methicillin-resistant S. aureus in another, but were not identified in the third. We conclude that treatment with either ceftazidime or imipenem/cilastatin was efficacious for moderate to severe CAP in Hong Kong.
 ...
PMID:Hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong: a randomized study comparing imipenem/cilastatin and ceftazidime. 915 75

A 26 year old women was seen at our outpatient clinic because of fever, dyspnea, chest pain and night sweats. An echocardiography revealed a moderate pericardial effusion. Therapy with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was started, but the patient did not improve clinically. A new left pleural effusion became manifest. Usual laboratory tests, serological tests and examination of pleural effusion were not conclusive. However, a tuberculin skin test was positive. The etiologic diagnosis of this pericarditis and pleuritis was obtained by thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, which yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 ...
PMID:[Chest pain and fever]. 924 65

We studied retrospectively 132 episodes of infectious pneumonias in 89 patients examined from 1990 to 1995. Pneumocystis carinii was found to be the most common cause of pneumonia (33 patients). The other causes were: Streptococcus pneumoniae (15), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), Staphylococcus aureus (5), Cytomegalovirus (4), Haemophilus influentiae (4), Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), E. coli (2), Serratia marcescens (1). No etiologic agent was found in 40 cases. We stress the need of a more frequent use of invasive diagnostic procedures in the study of focal lung consolidations because this radiologic sign is highly aspecific and may be caused by too many different pathogenic agents, needing different therapies-i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), Staphylococcus aureus (5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Escherichia coli (2), Pneumocystis carinii, Serratia marcescens and Haemophilus influentiae (1). Since there is an increase in mortality among patients treated with empiric antibiotic therapy, we stress the need of the routinary use of bronchoalveolar lavage in HIV+ patients with lung consolidation to perform specific therapy. Moreover, Pneumocystis carinii is by far the most frequent cause of diffuse interstitial infiltrates, and PCP has very suggestive clinical (dyspnea), radiologic (diffuse perihilar interstitial infiltrates; ground glass opacities; pneumatoceles) and laboratory (CD3+CD4 < 200/mcl; LDH > 600 UI/dl; PO2 < 70 mmHg) patterns, always related to the discovery of Pneumocystis carinii in escreatum. Thus, we decided to treat 15 patients with specific therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with the above diagnostic algorithm, obtaining in all of them complete clinical and radiologic recovery. To conclude, in critical patients, invasive procedures should be performed only in the cases in which PCP is clinically improbable.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic imaging and therapeutic implications in lung infections in patients with HIV-1 infection]. 928 Sep 34

Pulmonary mycobacteriosis is usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, or Mycobacterium kansasii. There are, however, other slow-growing mycobacteria which can cause pulmonary infection. Mycobacterium szulgai, first reported in 1972, is a scotochromogenic species which can affect human lungs, although human-to-human spread of infection is thought to be unlikely. We have recently treated three cases of middle-aged to elderly persons (45-87 year-old), two of them had underlying diseases (one with intrapulmonary and the other with extrapulmonary). All patients had constitutional symptoms (cough, sputum, dyspnea), and chest roentgenograms demonstrated either cavitation with scattered nodules or peripheral infiltrates predominantly in upper lobes, resembling pulmonary tuberculosis. In two cases, M. szulgai was identified by using DNA-DNA hybridization method. The in vitro susceptibility of M. szulgai to antimycobacterial drugs was better than that of M. avium complex, and it was resistant only to paraaminosalicylate, cycloserine, and partially to isoniazid. Pulmonary disease of three patients were successfully treated with a combination of multiple antimycobacterial agents including rifampin, ethambutol, isoniazid, or streptomycin.
 ...
PMID:[Clinicopathological study of cases with Mycobacterium szulgai infection]. 984 45

Patient 1: A 48-year-old man was admitted to Osaka Red Cross Hospital because of fever and dyspnea. Laboratory examination revealed pancytopenia, liver dysfunction and hematostatic abnormality. Chest radiographs obtained on admission revealed ground-glass opacity in both lung fields, and an analysis of arterial blood showed severe hypoxemia (PaO2:46.8 Torr). Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone was started. Although the hypoxemia subsided and radiographic findings rapidly improved, pancytopenia persisted. Examination of bone marrow aspirate revealed mature histiocytes with marked hemophagocytosis. Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct tests of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, urine, and bone marrow were all positive, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from sputum and urine. Although the patient was taking antituberculous agents, his pancytopenia persosted. Treatment with etoposide induced remssion. Patient 2: A 19-year-old woman was admitted to Osaka Red Cross Hospital because of prolonged cough and fever. Laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis, liver dysfunction, and hematostatic abnormality. Serologic tests provided conclusive evidence of Mycoplasma infection and a CRP test was strongly positive. Chest radiographs obtained on admission revealed infiltration shadows in the middle and lower lung fields on both sides, with left pleural effusion. An analysis of arterial blood showed hypoxemia (PaO2: 54.2 Torr). Examination of bone marrow and pleural effusion samples revealed mature histiocytes with marked hemophagocytosis. Although treatment with antibiotics and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone was started, the patients respiratory functions deteriorated. Endotracheal intubation was performed. Therapy with etoposide induced remission. Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Mycoplasma infection and tuberculosis appears to be exceedingly rare. In these 2 cases, it was difficult to achieve remission with therapy for the underlying infections, but etoposide treatment was effective.
 ...
PMID:[Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with tuberculosis and mycoplasma infection in two patients]. 986 82

We identified 34 HIV-infected patients with sputum smear positive for acid-alcohol fast bacilli (AAFB) to determine any factors predictive of subsequent species identification. There were 20 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 9 cases of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI), 3 cases of Mycobacterium kansasii and one each of Mycobacterium malmoense and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Factors associated with isolation of MAI were lower CD4 cell count, a higher incidence of previous AIDS diagnosis, a history of dyspnoea and a normal chest X-ray. The organism was isolated from blood cultures in 58% of patients with MTB and 78% of patients with MAI infection. Disseminated disease was diagnosed in 45% of MTB patients and 33% of MAI patients.
 ...
PMID:Acid-alcohol fast bacilli in sputa of HIV-infected patients. 1049 28

This case report deals with a rare association: tuberculosis and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical problems. He presented with a palpable purpura on both legs, low-grade fever, cough and expectoration, progressive dyspnea due to a massive left pleural effusion and a symmetric swelling on his ankles and wrists. Skin biopsy yielded a histological diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and the primary diagnosis was only achieved after performing a pleural biopsy, which unequivocally showed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case shares many features with the few cases already reported in the medical literature. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are reviewed and discussed in detail.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 1069 96

A 25-year-old woman with a history of immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. Chest roentgenography revealed dense infiltrates in both lower lung fields in addition to bronchiectasis and small nodular opacities, which had been observed previously. Transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated evidence of non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma. Sputum specimens were examined, and isolates were identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare. The patient was given antituberculous therapy and clarithromycin, which induced clinical improvement. It is well known that bronchial mucociliary transport is severely impaired in patients with ICS. However, to our knowledge, cases of M. intracellulare infection complicated by ICS have not been reported in Japan. We must pay close attention to the concurrence of these diseases.
 ...
PMID:[A case of Mycobacterium intracellulare infection complicated by immotile cilia syndrome]. 1172 88

Two cases of Swyer-James syndrome are reported. Case 1; A 25-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to be treated for Mycobacterium avium infection. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lower lung. High-resolution CT showed a low attenuation area and bronchiectasis in the right lower lobe. He had had two episodes of pneumonia in his childhood. 3D CT scan showed a narrowing of right lower pulmonary arteries. Case 2; A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea on effort. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency in the right lung. Chest CT scan on inspiration and expiration detected air-trapping, which is characteristic of this syndrome. In both cases, the volume of the hyper lucent lung was normal. From these clinical findings, we diagnosed these two cases as Swyer-James syndrome and in this paper described the clinical features and treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Two cases of Swyer-James syndrome]. 1191 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>