Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of tuberculous pleurisy due to Mycobacterium fortuitum in a 47-year-old woman with chronic granulocytic leukemia is described. The mycobacterial aetiology of the pleurisy was confirmed by pleural biopsy and by positive culture of M. fortuitum in pleural fluid. Antituberculosis chemotherapy with INH, RMP and EMB, combined initially with prednisolone, was successful in spite of total resistance of the strain to the drugs used. A short review of mycobacterioses and of recent literature on the topic, especially on M. fortuitum, is also presented.
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PMID:Tuberculosis pleurisy due to Mycobacterium fortuitum in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia. 106 52

Newly synthesized rifamycin derivatives, KRM-1648, KRM-1657, KRM-1668, KRM-1686, and KRM-1687, having the chemical structures of 3'-hydroxy-5'-(4-alkylpiperazinyl)-benzoxazinorifamycins (alkyl residues: isobutyl, propyl, sec-butyl, sec-butyl [R configuration], and sec-butyl [S configuration], respectively), were studied for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities. Representative (KRM-1648) MICs for 90% of the strains tested, determined by the agar dilution method on 7H11 medium, of various pathogenic mycobacteria (9 species, 174 strains) were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): Mycobacterium tuberculosis (rifampin [RMP]-susceptible strains), less than or equal to 0.0125; M. tuberculosis (RMP-resistant strains), 12.5; M. kansasii, 0.05; M. marinum, less than or equal to 0.0125; M. scrofulaceum, 0.1; M. avium, 1.56; M. intracellulare, 0.1; M. fortuitum, greater than 100; and M. chelonae subsp. abscessus and M. chelonae subsp. chelonae, greater than 100. These values are more than 64 times lower than those of RMP, except for the values against RMP-resistant M. tuberculosis (8 times lower) and those against rapid growers, including M. fortuitum and M. chelonae (the same as those of RMP). The other derivatives had similar levels of in vitro activity against these mycobacteria. When murine peritoneal macrophages in which M. intracellulare was phagocytosed in vitro were cultured in the presence of the benzoxazinorifamycins (1 microgram/ml), much more rapid killing of the organisms ingested in the macrophages was seen compared with when the same amount of RMP was added to the medium. The addition of benzoxazinorifamycins at the concentration of 0.05 micrograms/ml caused more marked suppression of intracellular growth of the organisms compared with addition of RMP. KRM-1648 and KRM-1657 inhibited intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis, and their efficacies were much greater than that of RMP.
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PMID:In vitro antimycobacterial activities of newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycins. 203 6

485 HIV-positive patients have been treated at our institution in Bonn during 1985 to 1989. Mycobacterial infections occurred in twelve (2.5%) HIV-positive patients. Of 166 AIDS-manifestations according to CDC, eleven (6.6%) were mycobacterial infections. There occurred one case of miliary tuberculosis, six cases of extrapulmonary, one of disseminated tuberculosis and four cases of atypical mycobacteriosis. Mycobacteriosis other than tuberculosis (MOTT) were caused three times by Mycobacterium kansasii and once by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Tuberculosis was seen less often in haemophiliacs. Disseminated tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteriosis developed in late stages of HIV-infection with underlying severe immunodeficiency. The lung was the main target organ of tuberculosis. MOTT most often affected the gastrointestinal tract additionally. Noninvasive materials, first of all sputum and gastric acid, were reliably diagnostic but available with delay in particular cases. In those cases histologic studies proved helpful. Application of five-fold regimen (INH, RMP, EMB, PZA and SM) always succeeded in negative cultures in a mean of 15 days in all cases of tuberculosis. Two cases of atypical mycobacteriosis with Mycobacterium kansasii were treated with a five-fold regimen (one case with ciprofloxacin additionally) and culture-negative after six resp. 28 weeks of therapy.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterioses in HIV infection. Results from the Bonn Center 1985 to 1989]. 211 68

The authors present results of in-vivo and in-vitro studies of combined effect of gentamycin , amikacin and rifampicin , ethambutol, isoniazide on selected standard strains of Mycobacterium sp. (Myc. H37Rv, Myc. An5, Myc. wells, Myc. kirchberg, Myc. kansasii, Myc. intracellulare, and Myc. fortuitum). In in-vitro studies the synergistic effect of gentamycin and amikacin with the tuberculostatic drugs was demonstrable on all Mycobacterium strains. The weakest effect was seen on Myc. fortuitum colonies. In-vivo studies have also shown this synergistic effect on all studied strains, and a much weaker effect when used in monotherapy. The authors have shown the possibility of using combination of gentamycin and amikacin with RMP, EMB, INH in treating Myc. intracellulare infections.
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PMID:[Combination of gentamycin and amikacin with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid on selected standard strains of Mycobacterium species in experiments done in vitro and in vivo]. 263 49

The effects of various chemotherapeutic regimens were investigated in ddY mice infected intravenously with a mouse-virulent strain, 31F093T, of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. Evaluation of therapeutic effects was based on serial counts of viable bacilli in the lung, the spleen, and the kidney, as well as on weight and extent of gross diseases of the organs, and on histopathologic examination. Kanamycin alone was effective against the infection. The combination of ethambutol and rifampin with kanamycin (KM-EMB-RMP) decreased counts in the lung. In another 3-drug regimen (kanamycin, ethionamide, and cycloserine), the effect was similar. Two 4-drug regimens, KM-EMB-RMP-CEX and KM-EMB-RMP-MINO, as well as a 5-drug regimen, KM-EMB-RMP-CS-INH, were also compared with the above 3-drug regimens, and only the 5-drug regimen decreased counts in the lung more than the 3-drug regimens did. Even the 5-drug regimen, however, could not eradicate the mycobacteria in the organs of mice, which demonstrates the inveteracy of M. avium-intracellulare infection. The control mice consistently showed grossly visible disease of the lung at 6 wk of infection, and the histopathologic findings were granuloma (3 to 6 wk of infection) and diffuse proliferative change beyond 9 weeks of infection, which was persistent and slowly progressive. The spleens and livers showed extensive granulomatous changes. The subacuteness of grossly visible lung disease with significant multiplication of bacilli in the organ of the control mice in the present murine model should prove useful in evaluating experimental chemotherapy of M. avium-intracellulare infection.
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PMID:Experimental chemotherapy in chronic Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of mice. 670 3

The case of 56-year-old male with disseminated lesions in the lungs and ulcerations of the tongue is presented. Pathomorphological examination of the tongue ulcerations showed changes typical for tuberculosis. Cultures of 4 specimens of the sputum revealed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antituberculotic drugs (INH, RMP, EMB, PZA) were administered. Complete remission of the tongue ulcerations and partial remission of the lesions in the lungs were observed after 6 weeks of the treatment.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis of the tongue--case report]. 792 Feb 82

A total of 1211 Cuban multibacillary leprosy patients treated for at least 5 years were clinically and bacteriologically examined. They were being treated according to a 2-phase monotherapy regimen with RMP first and DADDS afterwards. On skin-smear examination 50 patients were found positive, of which 9 showed a BI of 3+ or higher at any site. With regard to the clinical status the only cases found with clinical signs of relapse were 5 out of 7 long-standing patients with BI of 4+ and 5+. A 6th patient of this high BI group who showed a good clinical condition, except for a heavy infiltration of both earlobes, was receiving a second RMP course when examined and biopsied for this research. These 9 patients were biopsied and susceptibility tests to RMP and DDS performed. The results showed that in 1 case the Mycobacterium leprae were resistant to both drugs; the organisms from 2 other patients were susceptible to RMP but low-grade resistant to DDS. Those from another patient were susceptible to RMP and fully resistant to DDS. In 3 other cases the bacilli did not multiply in any of the mice but 1 of these strains was from the patient taking a second RMP course, therefore this strain might also be susceptible to RMP and resistant to DDS. In the last 2 cases multiplication was only observed in 2 of the controls and in 1 of the 0.0001% DDS treated mice; therefore, these experiments were not conclusive, and the AFB recovered were inoculated into fresh mice to repeat the tests but these failed to multiply.
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PMID:Survey for secondary dapsone and rifampicin resistance in Cuba. 834 Nov 15

Rifabutin, a spiropiperidyl derivative of rifampicin, is approved for the prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients in the US, and for the treatment of M. avium infections, tuberculosis and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in many countries. In the present study, rifabutin was compared with rifampicin for its activity against drug susceptible and multi-drug resistant tubercle bacilli by several in-vitro and macrophage studies. Rifabutin exhibited similar or greater in-vitro activity than rifampicin as judged by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and MBC/MIC ratios, as well as continuous exposure and post-antibiotic effect studies. Rifabutin has been shown to be active against some multiple drug resistant strains which were resistant to rifampicin. In macrophage studies with continuous exposure to the drug or when the drug had been removed after 24 h, rifabutin also demonstrated high activity which was better than RMP against intracellular tubercle bacilli. This long-acting intracellular anti-mycobacterial activity may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of rifabutin.
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PMID:In-vitro and intracellular activity of rifabutin on drug-susceptible and multiple drug-resistant (MDR) tubercle bacilli. 852 65

73-year-old woman with lesions in the right lung, fluid in the right pleural cavity, magnification of the left supraclavicular lymphatic nodes and ulcerations on the skin of the neck and chest is presented. Culture of 1 pus specimen received from the one of the skin ulcerations reveals the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antituberculotic drugs (INH, RMP, EMB) were administered. Complete remission of the skin ulcerations and pleural exudate after 8 weeks and partial remission of the lesions in the lung and supraclavicular lymphatic nodes after 12 weeks of treatment was observed.
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PMID:[Cutaneous tuberculosis and lymphatic nodes]. 1048 27

The sensitivity of a PCR-based line probe assay (Inno-LiPA Rif. TB Assay; Innogenetics NV Zwijndrecht, Belgium) was studied by using nested-PCR technique. A total of 75 specimens, representing various body locations from 70 suspected tuberculosis patients were obtained. LiPA yielded 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex positive results (sensitivity 58.8%, compared with final diagnoses) whereas culture for M. tuberculosis was positive in 18 specimens (sensitivity 35.3%). Genotypic rifampin resistance testing by LiPA showed that 7 specimens contained rpoB mutations associated with RMP resistance, and sequencing data of the rpoB gene and LiPA patterns agreed in 29 of 30 M. tuberculosis positive specimens (96.7%). This indicates reliable performance, which makes the test suitable for the rapid determination of resistance to rifampin directly in clinical samples. However, the best results are obtained if LiPA is combined with conventional staining and culture methods.
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PMID:Line probe assay in the rapid detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from clinical specimens. 1048 56


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