Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three children with human immunodeficiency virus infection and invasive infection with Mycobacterium genavense are reported. Fever spikes, abdominal cramps and distension, diarrhea or ileus, and anemia were the predominant symptoms in the severely immunodeficient patients (CD4 lymphocytes < 0.04 x 10(9)/l). Numerous acid-fast bacilli were readily detectable by microscopy in stool samples and in lymph node biopsies, but cultures for mycobacteria remained negative. Mycobacterium genavense should be sought when invasive non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis is suspected and mycobacterial cultures from blood or other sites show limited growth. Multiple-drug regimens including amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and clarithromycin may be of benefit in controlling the infection, as observed in two patients.
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PMID:Invasive infection with Mycobacterium genavense in three children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 846 60

A 27-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. A radiograph of the chest revealed widening of the right superior part of the mediastinum, and an abdominal radiograph showed many air-fluid levels. A computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed a solitary nodule in the right anterior lobe of the lung, and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Ileus was diagnosed and a nasogastric tube was inserted. The patient's condition gradually worsened, and on hospital day 17 a laparotomy was performed. Operative findings were significant for numerous, white nodules all over the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery, which ranged from miliary to rice grain-sized. Examination of an omental specimen revealed noncaseating granulomas with Lang hans' giant cells. The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine fluid from the nasogastric tube used before surgery, and on hospital day 40 that fluid was found to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis was also cultured from the fluid. From these findings, we concluded that this was a case of pulmonary tuberculosis manifesting predominantly as ileus secondary to tuberculous peritonitis. Anti-tuberculosis therapy consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol was started postoperatively. On repeat laparoscopy 224 days later, no white nodules were seen. A computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed that the right paratracheal lymphadenopathy was markedly reduced, and the solitary nodule in the right anterior lobe of the lung was almost gone. Few cases of young people with pulmonary tuberculosis manifesting primarily as ileus have been reported. Tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with ileus.
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PMID:[Pulmonary tuberculosis manifesting predominantly as ileus secondary to peritoneal tuberculosis in a young man]. 869 74

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation, which can be overlooked on long-lasting and non-specific findings unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic features of 39 patients hospitalized with tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) in Dicle University Hospital, Turkey between January 1994 and August 2003. Twenty-two patients were male; patient age ranged between 1 and 59 years (mean: 16.2 +/- 14.4 years). There were 21 patients (54%) under 15 years of age. Thirteen children had a history of familial TB and seven adults had prior history of TB. Six (29%) of 21 pediatric cases had bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) scars and results of 5-tuberculin units (TU) tuberculin test were positive in seven children (18%). Of all cases, the most common presenting findings were abdominal pain (95%), ascites (92%) and abdominal distention (82%). Five of the patients had accompanying pulmonary TB, and six patients (15%) had intestinal TB who were admitted to emergency service with acute abdomen, of whom three (8%) had perforation and three (8%) had ileus. Histopathologically 20 cases (51%) were proven on abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography revealed most commonly ascites and thickening of peritoneum. No microbiologic evidence was obtained except three positive culture results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a result, TBP should be considered for diagnosis, in patients with non-specific symptoms of abdominal pain, wasting, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal distension and even symptoms of acute abdomen, because early diagnosis and effective treatment will decrease morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Clinical review of tuberculous peritonitis in 39 patients in Diyarbakir, Turkey. 1707 36

A 49-year-old woman with a Mycobacterium fortuitum bloodstream infection, who has been managed with central venous (CV) catheterization for two years, was reported. She had undergone rectectomy for rectal cancer and gastectomy for stomach cancer at the ages of 36 and 42, respectively. Also, she had undergone adhesiotomy for four times for postoperative ileus at the ages between 44 and 47. She was admitted to our hospital because of fever (38.4 degrees C) with chill and fatigue, and a subcutaneous abscess at the right infraclavicular region located at the insertion site of the CV catheter (Hickman catheter). After the catheter was removed, the subcutaneous abscess was incised and a Penrose drain tube was inserted. M. fortuitum was detected after three days of blood culture and on the blood agar medium inoculated with purulent discharge from the drainage tube. After receiving these treatments, she was discharged from the hospital one month later. The isolates from these blood and purulent discharge specimens were identical on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Based on these findings, we concluded that the M. fortuitum bloodstream infection in this case might be caused by the organism in the subcutaneous abscess mediated by the CV catheter.
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PMID:[Mycobacterium fortuitum infection caused by the organism in subcutaneous abscess mediated by central venous catheter]. 1709 83

Isolated tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract is a very rare disease most commonly localized in the ileo-cecal region (over 85% of the cases). The main object of surgical therapy is intraperitoneal tuberculosis (IP-TB), which leads to complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, fistulation and bleeding. Since gastrointestinal tuberculosis can mimic symptoms found in Crohns' disease and ileocecal cancer, definitive diagnosis can only be obtained by the finding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissue and stool sample as well as by positive microbacterial cultivation. A 35 year old female patient was admitted to surgical ward with clinical and radiological signs of ileus. From personal medical history as well as previous medical documentation we learned that the patient had been treated in 1995 for lung and larynx tuberculosis at Jordanovac Hospital in Zagreb. After preoperative preparation, the patient underwent surgery during which we found numerous stenoses in the region of terminal ileum and cecum. Due to the patient's general condition, surgical treatment was performed in two acts. In the first we established an L-L ileotransverse anastomosis, and in the second we made the resection. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological findings of Mycobaterium tuberculosis in stool and tissue samples as well as in resection material during operation. The early postoperative period proceeded free from complications and after surgical treatment the patient was referred to the Klenovnik Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases. On follow up 18 months after the surgery, there were no signs of gastrointestinal involvement.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal tuberculosis--case report]. 1804 83

A 44-year-old man consulted medical clinic, complaining of cough and sputum. Then he was admitted to our hospital, because of positive acid-fast bacilli in his sputum and positive PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Combined use of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB) and pyrazinamide (PZA) was started. But 4 days after starting treatment, we had to suspend tuberculosis chemotherapy because of hepatopathy. Since then he started to complain epigastralgia and vomiting. Plain abdominal X-ray and abdominal computed tomography (CT) led to a diagnosis of ileus. Inspite of insertion of ileus tube symptoms of ileus did not improve. Small bowl series showed severe stenosis at ileum end, necessitating jejunectomy. Macroscopic study revealed a ring ulcer and multiple epithelioid cell granuloma with Langhans' giant cells was detected histopathologically. PCR for M. tuberculosis of extracts from ileum was positive. Therefore the patient was diagnosed small intestinal tuberculosis. Treatment was continued by the combination of INH, RFP, EB, and the symptoms markedly improved. There have been no sign of recurrence since the end of the 6-month treatment for tuberculosis.
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PMID:[A surgically treated case of ileus caused by small intestinal tuberculosis during treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis]. 1818 80

A 73-year-old woman was diagnosed as having tuberculosis of ileocecum by colonoscopy and started on medication. A month later, she admitted for ileus. Colonoscopy showed improvement of tuberculosis of ileocecum. An ileus tube was inserted on the same day, and ileus was improved once. But after removing the tube, she had ileus again. Computed tomography just after re-inserting an ileus tube with Amidotrizoic acid showed 3 stenoses of ileum. A partial resection of the small intestine was performed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis with PCR was positive. A postoperative course was uneventful and no recurrence has occurred up to now. During treatment of tuberculosis, ileus caused by intestinal tuberculosis may occur. It must be considered to examine the small intestine before beginning to treat tuberculosis of ileocecum or colon.
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PMID:[A case of ileus caused by intestinal tuberculosis occurring during treatment of tuberculosis of ileocecum]. 1919 94

Mycobacterium genavense (M genavense) has been recognized as a life-threatening pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients. To our knowledge, disseminated M genavense infection has never been described in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we report a case of disseminated M genavense infection in a healthy Japanese boy. A 15-year-old boy who had never been diagnosed with an immunodeficiency disorder was hospitalized because of ileus. Tumorous lesions were identified in the ileum, cecum, and ascending colon, resulting in stenosis of ileocecal valve. There was diffuse proliferation of histiocytes throughout the intestinal wall, along with lymphocytic infiltration. No nuclear or cellular atypia was present in these cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed numerous acid-fast bacteria in histiocytes. After surgery, systemic lymph node swelling was noticed by generalized examination, including the mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes. M genavense DNA was identified by direct sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA that had been amplified by polymerase chain reaction.
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PMID:Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a healthy boy. 2065 91