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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For a definitive diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis the demonstration of mycobacteria is essential, but this is generally not possible in skin lesions. Routinely available techniques have poor sensitivity and are time consuming, therefore, delaying the institution of timely therapy. The high sensitivity and speed of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of infectious agents has prompted investigators to use this technique for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid or pleural fluid. In the present study, PCR was used to examine punch biopsy specimens from the affected skin of 10 patients with clinical diagnoses of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, papulonecrotic tuberculide and erythema induratum. A control group of 20 patients included individuals having skin manifestations with definite clinical diagnoses other than cutaneous tuberculosis, such as leprosy, fungal mycetoma, chronic bullous disease of childhood and pemphigus vulgaris. The PCR amplified products were dot hybridized with a probe which was random prime labelled with 32P. The results were compared with routine microbiological and histological findings. Among the test group, six of 10 (60%) were positive for M. tuberculosis by PCR, although their histopathology showed non-specific chronic inflammation with no definite diagnosis. Microbiological investigations, including acid-fast bacillus smear and culture, were positive in a single case of scrofuloderma. All patients in the control group were negative by PCR for M. tuberculosis. The data indicate that the combination of dot hybridization with PCR markedly increased the sensitivity and specificity of PCR. This may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis when conventional methods fail.
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PMID:Development of a polymerase chain reaction dot-blotting system for detecting cutaneous tuberculosis. 1065 97

Tuberculids develop as hypersensitive immunologic reactions in the skin to an occult internal focus of tuberculosis. These eruptive lesions are due to hematogenous dissemination of bacilli in a host with a high degree of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although rare, these specific lesions are important diagnostic markers of tuberculosis. Lichen scrofulosorum is one of the recognized tuberculids, usually seen in children and young adults. We report three children with lichen scrofulosorum; in two children it developed during treatment of tuberculosis. The appearance of lichen scrofulosorum after initiation of treatment due to a probable increase in cell-mediated immunity is emphasized.
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PMID:Lichen scrofulosorum: a rare manifestation of a common disease. 1199 73

Tuberculids (papulonecrotic tuberculid, erythema induratum, and lichen scrofulosorum) are cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We report the fifth case of a recently described tuberculid, nodular tuberculid. The distinguishing feature was that of a granulomatous vasculitis occurring at the dermohypodermal junction on biopsy specimen of the subcutaneous nodules.
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PMID:Nodular tuberculid in a patient with HIV. 1602 Nov 68

Tuberculosis is still a significant problem in developing countries. Cutaneous forms of tuberculosis account for approximately 10% of all cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculosis may be because of true infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or because of tuberculids. Tuberculids are immunological reactions to haematogenously spread antigenic components of M. tuberculosis. True cutaneous tuberculosis may be because of inoculation or haematogenous spread of M. tuberculosis to the skin. Lupus vulgaris is the commonest form of true cutaneous tuberculosis. Other forms of true cutaneous tuberculosis are tuberculous chancre, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, scrofuloderma, periorificial tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis of the skin. Lupus vulgaris is usually chronic and progressive. It occurs in patients with moderate to high immunity against M. tuberculosis as evidenced by strongly positive tuberculin test. Long-standing cases of lupus vulgaris may be complicated by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We describe a patient who had undiagnosed lupus vulgaris for 35 years until she developed SCC on the lesion of lupus vulgaris.
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PMID:Lupus vulgaris with squamous cell carcinoma. 1800 18

Tuberculids are chronic nodular skin eruptions believed to be a systemic reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report on a 6-year-old boy with tender subcutaneous lesions on his legs. A tuberculin skin test resulted in 2.5 cm of induration and an interferon-gamma releasing assay was also markedly positive. A diagnosis of erythema induratum of Bazin was confirmed on skin biopsy. The patient was successfully treated with multi-drug antituberculosis therapy.
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PMID:Erythema induratum of Bazin in a child: evidence for a cell-mediated hyper-response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1923 14

Granulomatous cheilitis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lips that can be secondary to various etiologies. A few infectious agents including Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been implicated in its etiology. It can be the clinical presentation of a tuberculide resulting from a hypersensitivity reaction to an underlying focus of tuberculosis such as pulmonary tuberculosis. This case report describes a child with granulomatous cheilitis with pulmonary tuberculosis, who responded to anti-tubercular treatment. This is probably the first pediatric case of this rare condition.
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PMID:Granulomatous cheilitis secondary to tuberculosis in a child. 1988 44

Tuberculides, the supposedly immunologic reactions to the products of dead Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli deposited in the skin from distant foci of tubercular infection, are presently considered to be of two types-papulonecrotic tuberculide and lichen scrofulosorum. Simultaneous occurrence of both the types in the same patient is very rare. We report the case of an adult male without any known internal tubercular focus who showed two types of skin lesions, clinically typical and histopathologically consistent with the diagnoses of papulonecrotic tuberculide and lichen scrofulosorum, occurring simultaneously. Polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in papulonecrotic tuberculide type of lesion, and both types of lesions responded promptly to anti-tubercular drugs.
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PMID:Coexistence of papulonecrotic tuberculide with lichen scrofulosorum. 2041 92

Tuberculid is a cutaneous immunologic reaction to the presence of tuberculosis (TB), which is often occult, elsewhere in the body or their fragments released from a different site of manifest or past tuberculous infection. These eruptive lesions are due to hematogenous dissemination of bacilli in a host with a high degree of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although rare, these specific lesions are important diagnostic markers of TB. Lichen scrofulosorum (LS) is one of the recognized tuberculids, usually seen in children and young adults. We report a female who was diagnosed with LS and was treated appropriately. This case report highlights the uncommon, easily misdiagnosed but readily treatable case of LS and emphasizes its early diagnosis, detection, and treatment of otherwise an occult systemic TB in young patients.
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PMID:Lichen scrofulosorum: An uncommon manifestation of a common disease. 3286 67