Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based upon the hypothesis that a factor most pertinent to the absence of an effective immune response in cancer is the inadequacy of the antigenic stimulus provided by the neoplasm, either in terms of weak immunogenicity of the tumor antigen or of the necessary antigen mass available to the reticuloendothelial tissues at any one time for effective sensitization, the host immune response capabilities were stimulated within a time frame synchronous with a greater release of tumor antigens. In the treatment of a metastasizing, solid tumor model syngeneic with F344 rats, immunotherapy was most effectively applied in combinations with chemotherapy and/or localized radiotherapy, therapeutic modalities that induced a degree of oncolysis and tumor resorption. Surgery combined with chemotherapy permitted evaluation of therapeutic effects against metastases. The methanol-soluble fraction of Mycobacterium butyricum was used as the nonspecific immunologic adjuvant.
 ...
PMID:Influence of surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy on growth of a metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinoma. 74 2

Three new series of benzo[d]isothiazole, benzothiazole and thiazole Schiff bases were synthesized and tested in vitro with the aim of identifying novel lead compounds active against emergent and re-emergent human and cattle infectious diseases (AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhoea) or against drug-resistant cancers (leukaemia, carcinoma, melanoma, MDR tumors) for which no definitive cure or efficacious vaccine is available at present. In particular, these compounds were evaluated in vitro against representatives of different virus classes, such as a HIV-1 (Retrovirus), a HBV (Hepadnavirus) and the single-stranded RNA(+) viruses Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), both belonging to Flaviviridae. Title compounds were also tested against representatives of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.), various atypic mycobacterial strains (Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium smegmatis), yeast (Candida albicans) and mould (Aspergillus fumigatus). None of the compounds showed antiviral or antimicrobial activity. The benzo[d]isothiazole compounds showed a marked cytotoxicity (CC(50)=4-9 microM) against the human CD4(+) lymphocytes (MT-4) that were used to support HIV-1 growth. For this reason, the most cytotoxic compounds of this series were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cell lines derived from haematological and solid tumors. The results highlighted that all the benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives inhibited the growth of leukaemia cell lines, whereas only one of the above mentioned compounds (1e) showed antiproliferative activity against two solid tumor-derived cell lines.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[d]isothiazole, benzothiazole and thiazole Schiff bases. 1455 94

In the following study, we prepared a double-chain miniprotein with each chain containing three linear repeats of the self-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH(3)), the hinge region of human IgG1 (hinge), and a T-helper epitope from the measles virus protein (MVP). The di-GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP miniprotein was conjugated to purified recombinant heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) of Mycobacterium bovis and used to immunize BALB/c mice primed with subcutaneous injection of Bacillus Calmette-Gurerin (BCG) in the absence of adjuvants. After anti-GnRH antibodies were successfully produced, mice were inoculated with H22 cells as a solid tumor. The results showed that after GnRH was inhibited by anti-GnRH antibodies the testosterone levels in sera markedly decreased (P<0.01) and the testicle weights reduced as well (P<0.05) in GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65-immunized mice. The average weight of tumors in mice treated with GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65 was significantly lower than in mice treated with saline only (neutral control, P<0.001), or less than in mice treated with Hsp65 (negative control, P<0.005). The data reported here demonstrated that GnRH(3)-hinge-MVP-Hsp65 could significantly attenuate the progression of liver tumor in mice transplanted with H22 cells, and might develop to be palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in the future.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition effects on liver tumors of BALB/c mice bearing H22 cells by immunization with a recombinant immunogen of GnRH linked to heat shock protein 65. 1772 21

A 13-year-old girl with weight loss and ascites was admitted with suspicion of a malignant disease. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging indicated extensive peritonitis and showed no evidence of a solid tumor. As a new imaging observation, thoracic computed tomography showed a lymphoma-like infracarinal mass and further enlarged lymph nodes in the pathway of draining lymph ducts. A tuberculin skin test and an interferon-gamma blood test were positive, and the tumor marker CA-125 was elevated. Histology of a peritoneal biopsy showed infectious granulomas with central necrosis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis could be cultured, leading to the diagnosis of a tuberculous peritonitis. The girl received multi-drug anti-tuberculous treatment and subsequently recovered. At follow-up the peritonitis and the infracarinal mass had vanished. In conclusion, tuberculous peritonitis is a rare but relevant differential diagnosis in peritonitis of unknown origin. Its diagnosis is facilitated by imaging, by tuberculosis skin and blood tests, and by clinical interpretation.
...
PMID:Tuberculous peritonitis with infracarinal mass and elevated CA-125 in a 13-year-old girl. 2395 69

Tumor associated macrophages and tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells greatly hamper host-protective antitumor responses. Therefore, we utilized a novel immunomodulator, heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw), to repolarize TAM and an agonistic GITR antibody (DTA-1) to reduce intratumoral regulatory T cell frequency for generation of a host-protective antitumor response. Although, the combination of Mw and DTA-1was found to be effective against advanced stage tumors, however, Mw or DTA-1 failed to do so when administered individually. The presence of high level of regulatory T cells abrogated the only Mw induced antitumor functions, whereas only DTA-1 treatment was found to be ineffective due to its inability to induce TAM repolarization in vivo. The combination therapy was found to be effective since DTA-1 treatment reduced the frequency of regulatory T cells to such an extent where they could not attenuate Mw induced TAM repolarization in vivo. Therefore, the combination therapy involving Mw and DTA-1 may be utilized to the success of advanced stage solid tumor immunotherapies.
 ...
PMID:The combination of a novel immunomodulator with a regulatory T cell suppressing antibody (DTA-1) regress advanced stage B16F10 solid tumor by repolarizing tumor associated macrophages in situ. 2594 23

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are caused by mutations in genes associated with DNA repair and telomere maintenance. In addition, mutations in ribosome-related genes cause defective hematopoiesis. Patients with IBMFS exhibit a predisposition to developing hematological malignancy or solid tumor because of the defect in cellular and molecular hemostasis. The SAMD9 mutation causes the multisystem disorder, MIRAGE syndrome, characterized by congenital adrenal hypoplasia and loss of chromosome 7, providing a novel insight into the correlation between the germline and somatic mutations of SAMD9/SAMD9L and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with monosomy 7. Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are caused by inborn errors of the immune system. PID patients with inadequate tumor immunity are at an elevated risk of developing malignancies such as lymphoma, leukemia, and gastrointestinal cancer. Recently, monocytopenia and mycobacterial infection (MonoMAC) syndrome with the GATA2 gene mutation have been reported as PID related to bone marrow failure. Patients with MonoMAC syndrome often develop MDS and acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we present the pediatric-onset IBMFS and/or PID with cancer predisposition and briefly discuss the tumorigenesis in each monogenic disease.
 ...
PMID:[Cancer predisposition in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and primary immunodeficiency diseases]. 3128 Nov 63

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies and its treatment remains challenging due to its highly metastatic property and availability of limited effective drugs. In addition, immunosuppresive tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as major barrier to evoke anti-tumor response in melanoma. Recent studies revealed that immunosuppressive TME is directly correlated with heightened activations of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) functions. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of a triterpenoid, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on melanoma. Our study revealed that GA not only exhibited anti-proliferative effects on melanoma cells it significantly restricted progression of melanoma tumor. However, the therapeutic efficacy of GA in impressive regression of tumor was found to be directly correlated with induction of apoptosis and modulation of cytokines from Th2 to Th1 type. To unravel the mechanism of anti-melanoma effect of GA, it has been delineated that GA inhibits pSTAT3 to evade anti-tumor suppressive function of Tregs and MDSCs. Downregulation of FOXP3, GITR and CTLA4 in tumor-infiltrating Tregs and inhibition of Cox2, PGE2 and Arginase 1 in intra-tumoral MDSC were evidenced as some of the key events during therapeutic intervention of GA in melanoma management. Moreover, GA effectively restricted advanced stage solid tumor while used in combination with Mycobacterium indicus pranii, a known immunomodulator, which alone is reported to be ineffective to restrict advanced stage solid tumor. Thus, our findings may open up a novel insight of GA as a promising agent in cancer immunotherapy or adjuvant therapy in future.
 ...
PMID:Glycyrrhizic acid facilitates anti-tumor immunity by attenuating Tregs and MDSCs: An immunotherapeutic approach. 3289 Jul 91