Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20-year-old female was checked by chest X-ray film just before starting practical nurse training in the hospital. She was diagnosed as tuberculosis in the initial phase of treatment. In Japan, the number of newly registered tuberculosis has been increasing since 1997, and the stop-tuberculosis campaign is organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The incidence rate of tuberculosis announced officially by the Ministry of Public Welfare was 33.9 per 100,000 in 1997, while that of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis has been increasing year by year, and it was 2.45 in 1997. The one out of 4 nontuberculous mycobacteriosis is caused by M. kansasii. Six colonies of Mycobacterium kansasii were detected by gastric juice culture from this patient. Untreated strains of M. kansasii are susceptible to rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide, streptomycin and cycloserine at concentrations readily available in the serum with usual therapeutic doses. Isolates are usually resistant to available serum level of pyrazinamide. The patient was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol for 6 months. Pyrazinamide was stopped at 1 month and 10 days treatment due to liver dysfunction and resistance to the organism. Pulmonary infiltration with cavity disappeared during follow-up examination. Nowadays we must take into account not only tuberculosis but also primary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis at regular medical check of young female.
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PMID:[A case report of pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection found regular medical examination in our medical college of nursing]. 1114 89

Cutaneous sarcoidosis is rare in children. We report a case of a 5-year-old Bangladeshi girl who presented with fever, a papular eruption on the lower limbs and trunk, malaise, anorexia and weight loss. There was multisystem involvement with marked hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy, parotid fullness and chronic uveitis. Pulmonary infiltrates were seen on the chest X-ray. Histology of a skin biopsy showed naked noncaseating granulomata and PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative. A clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. The patient was treated with oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg per day). An excellent clinical response with resolution of the rash and improvement of extracutaneous signs was noted within 3 months and she remains well on low-dose prednisolone on alternate days. We discuss the presentation and management of sarcoidosis in children, and highlight the potential difficulty in differentiating this from disseminated tuberculosis.
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PMID:A case of childhood sarcoidosis. 1237 81

We investigated all confirmed cases of tuberculosis (TB) among children (age < 16 y) in Oslo from 1998 to 2009. The overall incidence rate was 2.6 per 100,000 person-y. All 24 children diagnosed with TB were of non-Western origin, and the overall incidence rate in this group was 8.1 per 100,000 person-y. Among children of Somali origin, the incidence rate was 52.5 per 100,000 person-y. Pulmonary infiltrates (n = 7), hilar lymphadenopathy without infiltrates (n = 7) and lymph node TB in the neck (n = 5) were the most common clinical presentations. However, we also diagnosed TB meningitis, spondylitis, coxitis and pleuritis. None of the children were HIV-infected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultivated in 19 out of 24 cases (79%). Of the 19 culture-positive cases, 13 had been tested with a polymerase chain reaction, of which 7 (54%) were positive. Isolates from 2 patients were resistant to isoniazid, 1 isolate was resistant to streptomycin, and 2 were resistant to both isoniazid and streptomycin. All children were treated according to a directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) protocol. One child with TB meningitis died. Twenty-one patients finished treatment in Oslo, and all were cured without major sequelae or recurrence. TB among non-Western immigrant children is still a challenge in Norway.
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PMID:Tuberculosis among children in Oslo, Norway, from 1998 to 2009. 2073 28