Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leprosy patients undergoing phase II trials in two hospitals of New Delhi, India, were HLA typed to see the association of HLA with differential responsiveness to Mycobacterium w vaccine. The vaccine comprises an atypical, nonpathogenic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium w, which has cross-reactive antigens with M. leprae. Multibacillary patients who are lepromin negative are vaccinated at an interval of 3 months. Considerable improvement is evident in the patients in terms of a decline in bacterial indices and histopathological and immunological upgrading. But all the patients do not respond to the vaccine in the same manner; some are slow responders, while others are good responders. HLA-A28 and DQw3 (DQw8 + 9) were found to be associated with slow responsiveness, while DQw1 and DQw7 were found to be associated with a more rapid responsiveness to the M. w vaccine. However, these associations were not significant after P correction for the number of antigens tested for each locus except for HLA-DQw3 (DQw8 and DQw9) and DQw7. DQw7, a new defined split of HLA-DQw3, seems to be associated with the responsiveness to M. w vaccine.
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PMID:Association of HLA antigens with differential responsiveness to Mycobacterium w vaccine in multibacillary leprosy patients. 155 42

Immunotherapeutic trials with Mycobacterium w (M. w.) on multibacillary patients are in progress at two large hospitals in New Delhi. A total of 380 patients so far have been inducted into the trial. The histopathological profile of the initial 87 patients (52 in the vaccine group, 35 in the control group) who have now completed 2 years of treatment are presented in this report. The vaccine group received multidrug therapy (MDT) and eight intradermal injections of M. w. every 3 months; the control group had MDT with starch injections as a placebo. Skin biopsies were taken at induction and thereafter at every 6 months. The results show a significantly higher proportion of biopsies with histopathological upgrading and/or clearance of dermal granuloma among the vaccinated cases. The number of patients becoming bacteriologically negative was higher in the vaccine group. There was no increase in the degree of neural inflammation in the biopsies showing upgrading. The lepromin site biopsy in patients who converted to positivity after vaccination showed epithelioid cell granulomas as did the biopsies from the nodules developing at the vaccination sites. The histopathological observations confirm the additional immunotherapeutic effect of M. w. used along with standard MDT therapy.
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PMID:Histopathological monitoring of an immunotherapeutic trial with Mycobacterium w. 832 73

A total of 116 isolates from patients attending the out-patient department at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and the New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre, New Delhi, India were collected. They were analyzed for resistance to drugs prescribed in the treatment for tuberculosis. The drug resistance was initially determined by microbiological techniques. The Bactec 460TB system was employed to determine the type and level of resistance in each isolate. The isolates were further characterized at molecular level. The multi-drug loci corresponding to rpo beta, gyr A, kat G were studied for mutation(s) by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique. The SSCP positive samples were sequenced to characterize the mutations in rpo beta, and gyr A loci. While previously reported mutations in the gyr A and rpo beta loci were found to be present, several novel mutations were also scored in the rpo beta locus. Interestingly, analysis of the gyr A locus showed the presence of point mutation(s) that could not be detected by PCR-SSCP. Furthermore, rifampicin resistance was found to be an important marker for checking multi-drug resistance (MDR) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is the first report on molecular genetic analysis of MDR tuberculosis from India, and highlights the increasing incidence of MDR in the Indian isolates of M. tuberculosis.
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PMID:Molecular genetic analysis of multi-drug resistance in Indian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 983 May 23

Using IS 6110 -restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping, genetic variations of 83 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients from two wards in a hospital in Delhi and a rural chest clinic near Delhi were analysed. The vast majority of the isolates (75%) were closely related and this novel genogroup was designated the 'Delhi type'. Both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains were found among strains of this genogroup. A minority of the strains harboured a single IS 6110 copy and only one strain belonged to the Beijing genotype, a genotype that is predominant in other parts of Asia. A comparison of the RFLP and spoligotype with existing data suggests that the predominance of Delhi genogroup is geographically limited to the Indian subcontinent and perhaps to specific regions in India. Despite the high prevalence of the M. tuberculosis strains of the Delhi type, the strains could easily be discriminated due to polymorphisms in the IS 6110 patterns. Future studies may disclose the genetic characteristics of strains belonging to the Delhi genotype, analogous to the recently observed virulence among the Beijing genogroup.
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PMID:Predominace of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype in the Delhi region of India. 1235 62

Strain typing using variable-number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR) is a powerful tool for studying the epidemiology and genetic relationships of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. For this study, isolates from 291 patients in Singapore were genotyped by this method. One hundred sixty-six distinct MIRU-VNTR patterns were detected. One hundred sixty-two strains were grouped into 1 of 35 different MIRU-VNTR clusters and 131 isolates were unique. In this sample collection, 9 of the 12 MIRU-VNTR loci were moderately or highly discriminative according to their allelic diversities. The Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index was 0.975, indicating the high power of discrimination of MIRU-VNTR typing. By direct comparisons with previously typed MIRU-VNTR patterns and by genetic relationship analyses, we could identify and clearly define four epidemic groups of M. tuberculosis in our sample, corresponding to the W/Beijing, East-Africa-Indian, Haarlem, and Delhi genotype families. Furthermore, MIRU-VNTR typing was able to clearly distinguish ancestral and modern M. tuberculosis strains as defined by TbD1 genomic deletion analysis. These results indicate that MIRU-VNTR typing can be a useful first-line tool for studying the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in a large urban setting such as Singapore.
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PMID:Use of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat typing to examine genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Singapore. 1513 Nov 59

Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing disease were investigated in pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to two adjacent wards of a tuberculosis hospital in Delhi, India. Genetic markers, the insertion sequence IS6110, a direct repeat sequence, and a polymorphic GC-rich sequence supported the circumstantial epidemiologic link between eight strains of M. tuberculosis, suggesting their possible involvement in small-scale, interpersonal transmission of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis. This is the first report of a suspected acquisition of M. tuberculosis among hospitalized patients in India. The use of multiple molecular typing markers and techniques unequivocally identified the exact clonality of strains isolated from the hospital. The result of this study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive investigation of high-risk situations for tuberculosis transmission and long-term follow-up analysis for identifying such instances of unsuspected transmission.
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PMID:Suspected small-scale interpersonal transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in wards of an urban hospital in Delhi, India. 1515 85

One hundred five Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from the Delhi area were typed by spoligotyping; 45 patterns were identified. Comparison with an international spoligotype database showed type 26, Delhi type (22%), type 54 (12%), and type 1, Beijing type (8%), as the most common. Eighteen spoligotypes did not match any existing database pattern.
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PMID:Predominant tuberculosis spoligotypes, Delhi, India. 1520 71

234 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained from 1000 suspected cases of tuberculosis reporting at National Institute of Communicable Disease, Delhi for laboratory investigation between Jan 2001 to August 2002 were subjected to invitro drug sensitivity test against the first line drugs (Isoniazid, Streptomycin, Rifampicin, Ethambutol and Thiacetazone) by proportion method using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Out of 234 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 142 were from cases of untreated tuberculosis, whereas only 92 isolates were from treated cases of tuberculosis. An initial drug resistance of 21.83% was seen against INH, 9.85% against Streptomycin, 15.49% against Rifampicin, 4.22% against ethambutol and 2.11% to thiacetazone. Multidrug resistance (MDR-i.e. Resistance to both INH and Rifampicin) was seen in 11.97% of isolates. 4(2.8%) isolates were found to be resistant to all drugs tested. A much higher level of acquired resistance was seen the figures being 61.95% for INH, 53.36% for rifampicin, 35.86% for streptomycin, 20.65% for ethambutol and 10.86% for thiacetazone. Avery high acquired MDR to the tune of 42.39% was seen. 24(26%) isolates were found to be resistant to all drugs tested. No significant difference were observed in the drug resistance pattern between pulmonary and extrapulmonary cases of tuberculosis in both initial and acquired drug resistance category.
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PMID:Drug resistance in tuberculosis in Delhi: a 2 year profile (2001--2002). 1556 52

We report a high frequency (35%) of the Beijing genotype among multidrug-resistant isolates recovered in and around Mumbai, India. Further restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing showed that these strains were closely related. We also report a high frequency of the Delhi genotype (31% of isolates). Our data indicate considerable ongoing transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype in Mumbai.
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PMID:High incidence of the Beijing genotype among multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a tertiary care center in Mumbai, India. 1573 24

The present study investigated the prevalence and diagnostic potential of the most commonly reported mutations associated with isoniazid resistance, katG 315Thr, katG 315Asn, inhA -15T, inhA -8A, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, in a population sample of 202 isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and 176 randomly selected fully sensitive isolates from England and Wales identified by using a directed oligonucleotide array and limited DNA sequencing. The strains were recovered from patients originating from 29 countries; 41 isolates were multidrug resistant. Mutations affecting katG 315, the inhA promoter, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region were found in 62.7, 21.9, and 30% of 169 genotypically distinct isoniazid-resistant isolates, respectively, whereas they were found in 0, 0, and 8% of susceptible strains, respectively. The frequency of mutation at each locus was unrelated to the resistance profile or previous antituberculous drug therapy. The commonest mutation in the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, ahpC -46A, was present in 23.7% of isoniazid-resistant isolates and 7.5% of susceptible isolates. This proved to be a phylogenetic marker for a subgroup of M. tuberculosis strains originating on the Indian subcontinent, which shared IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotype features with the Delhi strain and Central Asian strain CAS1; and this marker is strongly associated with isoniazid resistance and the katG 315Thr mutation. In total, 82.8% of unrelated isoniazid-resistant isolates could be identified by analysis of just two loci: katG 315 and the inhA promoter. Analysis of the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, although phylogenetically interesting, does not contribute significantly to further identification of isoniazid-resistant isolates.
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PMID:Molecular analysis of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from England and Wales reveals the phylogenetic significance of the ahpC -46A polymorphism. 1579 26


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