Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intradermal administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) containing Mycobacterium butyricum to Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Lewis strain rats results in polyarthritis and uveitis. Over 90% of the eyes examined from the SD rats given CFA had histologic evidence of anterior uveitis, clinically evident in only 20 to 28%. Many rats developed arthritis without clinical uveitis, but uveitis was rare in the absence of arthritis. Histologically, the ocular inflammation was characterized by a polymorphonuclear, and later, a lymphocytic infiltration of the iris and ciliary body with cells and fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber and cells in the vitreous. Antibodies and cellular immunity to ocular (S antigen, alpha crystallin), articular (type II collagen, proteoglycan) and bacterial components (MDP), were demonstrated in some rats, but positive tests did not correlate with either articular or ocular disease. Ten percent of rats given type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant developed uveitis. Thus, the pathogenesis of the arthritis and uveitis in the adjuvant model may be mediated by lymphocytes which exhibit crossreactivity with antigens in these structures, although the specificity of such antigens has not been identified in our studies.
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PMID:Uveitis and arthritis induced by adjuvant: clinical, immunologic and histologic characteristics. 266 71

A Maltese immigrant presented with intermittent bilateral anterior uveitis for which no cause could be found. The inflammation did not respond to topical treatment and ultimately the left eye developed a hypopyon and was enucleated. Histological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation and large numbers of Mycobacterium leprae throughout the anterior segment. Occasional foci of inflammation containing Mycobacterium leprae were found in the vitreous extending to the retina at the posterior pole. These findings in the posterior segment have rarely been reported. Eye infection in Hansen's disease is frequent and delays in diagnosis are common.
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PMID:Untreated Hansen's disease of the eye: a clinicopathological report. 639 75

Disseminated Mycobacterium-avium complex (MAC) infection develops in most patients with AIDS. We report three cases of anterior uveitis with vitritis in AIDS patients treated by the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol for MAC bacteremia. Uveitis secondary to the introduction of rifabutin treatment is suggested.
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PMID:[Uveitis associated with rifabutin treatment. Apropos of 3 patients]. 760 95

Rifabutin is a semi-synthetic antimycobacterial agent mainly used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC) in AIDS patients. Rifabutin-induced anterior uveitis has been reported previously. We report the case of a rifabutin-induced cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in an immunocompetent patient with pulmonary MAC infection. As far as we know, CMO secondary to rifabutin therapy has not been described previously.
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PMID:Rifabutin-induced cystoid macular oedema. 1181 93

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to examine conditions that alter the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier. Our goal was to determine if blood-aqueous barrier permeability could be similarly assessed, because MRI offers the theoretical advantage of providing quantitative data directly from inflamed uveal tissues rather than from the aqueous humor into which the inflammatory reaction spills. As an additional challenge, we sought to use MRI to measure differences between the inflamed uveal tissues of corticosteroid-treated and placebo-treated uveitic eyes. Anterior uveitis was induced in one eye of eight rabbits by subcutaneous injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, followed after 10 days with intravitreal challenge. One rabbit of each pair was treated with topical 1% prednisolone acetate while control rabbits were treated with artificial tears. Contrast-enhanced MRI studies were performed prior to uveitis induction, one day after induction and then weekly for at least 2 weeks. MR image data were analyzed to determine percent change in peak enhancement of the ciliary body and anterior chamber. The initial rate of change of enhancement of the anterior chamber was also measured. Extensive contrast agent-induced MR image enhancement of both the anterior chamber and the ciliary processes was measured following the induction of uveitis. More rapid improvement was measured for the 1% prednisolone acetate-treated rabbit eyes (P < 0.001). MR signal enhancement data obtained from the ciliary processes proved to be the most reliable indicator of disease activity in this rabbit model of uveitis. Such data can only be obtained using MRI.
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PMID:Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness using MR imaging in a rabbit model of anterior uveitis. 1207 92

Mycobacterium tuberculosis apart from being the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis is also notorious to cause tuberculosis at various sites in the human body and ocular tuberculosis is one of the extra pulmonary manifestations of this organism. The most common presentation of ocular tuberculosis is anterior uveitis or choroiditis caused by hematogenous infection or hypersensitivity after another organ infection. Eyelid involvement by tuberculosis is most of the times secondary to orbital involvement and often seen in the form of drainage sinus. Isolated eyelid tuberculosis is however uncommon. Here we report two such cases of eyelid tuberculosis in different age groups; first case in a young female and second case of an old aged female with different presentation. Fortunately both of them responded well to the antitubercular treatment.
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PMID:Two cases of eyelid tuberculosis - An uncommon presentation of ocular tuberculosis. 2816 17

Purpose: To describe a case of presumed tuberculous sclerokeratitis which presented with anterior uveitis and hypopyon Methods: A retrospective chart review Results: A 23-year-old female presented with nodular scleritis, peripheral corneal opacities, and severe anterior chamber reaction with hypopyon. Her Mantoux test and interferon gamma release assay were positive and high-resolution computerized tomography of chest revealed right hilar lymphadenopathy. Aqueous aspirate from anterior chamber paracentesis of her right eye was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. She responded to antitubercular treatment and oral corticosteroid Conclusions: Tuberculous sclerokeratitis can rarely present with hypopyon and pose a challenge in diagnosis for the clinicians.
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PMID:Presumed Tuberculous Sclerokeratitis Presenting with Hypopyon. 3014 54

This study describes clinical and histopathological features, treatment, and outcome of cats diagnosed with ocular mycobacteriosis. Cases diagnosed from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed for (a) histopathological evidence of ocular (pyo)granulomatous inflammation containing acid-fast bacilli with mycobacterial morphology, (b) positive mycobacterial culture and/or mycobacterial DNA identified by polymerase chain reaction of ocular tissue, or (c) presumed mycobacteriosis based on ophthalmic examination and positive interferon-gamma release assay. Twenty-five cats (31 eyes) were included; 14 cats (17/31 eyes, 55%) were blind at presentation (unilateral: n = 12 cats; bilateral: n = 2 cats); one unilaterally affected cat later became bilaterally blind. Another 5 cats (7/31 eyes, 23%) became blind after initially being bilaterally visual (unilateral: n = 3 cats; bilateral: n = 2 cats). The commonest ocular finding was uveitis (87%). The main histopathological features were granulomatous to pyogranulomatous chorioretinitis with retinal detachment, anterior uveitis, optic neuritis, episcleritis, scleritis, and/or retrobulbar cellulitis. Nineteen cats (76%) had systemic signs, with disseminated disease being diagnosed in 9, defined by interstitial pulmonary disease, generalized lymphadenopathy, and/or nonocular infection. Nine cats were diagnosed with Mycobacterium bovis, 2 with Mycobacterium microti, 1 with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and 1 with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. The infecting species was unknown in the remaining cats. Combined surgery (enucleation: n = 5 cats; biopsy: n = 3 cats) and systemic treatment with 2 or 3 appropriate antibiotics for 2 to 7 months resulted in remission in 8 of the 10 cats treated; however, the cat treated with dual therapy relapsed after 8 months. A total of 16 cats (64%) were euthanized; 2 were lost to follow-up.
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PMID:Feline Ocular Mycobacteriosis: Clinical Presentation, Histopathological Features, and Outcome. 3113 43