Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

DNA amplification of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated as a means for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The DNA sequences amplified were a 123 bp region of the IS6110 insertion elements which occur in multiple copies in the mycobacterial genome, a 240 bp region (nts 460-700) from the MPB 64 protein coding gene, and the 383 bp region of the 65 kDa heat shock protein (HSP) antigen. Twenty-seven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were studied. Six were obtained from patients with TBM diagnosed by culture (4/6) or by the patients' response to anti-tuberculous therapy (2/6). The remaining 21 specimens were obtained from patients with febrile seizures (3/21), aseptic meningitis (3/21), septic meningitis (14/21), and cryptococcal meningitis (1/21), and these served as negative controls. Our results indicate that although the protocols involving the 3 DNA sequences were able to detect TB DNA in the 6 TBM specimens, the main drawback was their extreme sensitivity, thus giving rise to false positive results. In particular, the repeat copy sequence, IS6110, and the 65 kDa HSP gave unacceptably large numbers of false positive results (62% and 33%, respectively).
 ...
PMID:DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Comparison of protocols involving three mycobacterial DNA sequences, IS6110, 65 kDa antigen, and MPB64. 806 10

Tuberculous meningitis remains an illness with a substantial morbidity and mortality despite the introduction of effective antituberculous agents. The correct diagnosis is often initially unsuspected and, even when appropriately considered, may be difficult to unequivocally confirm. Since the advent of the AIDS era, the frequency of neurological disease due to mycobacterial infection has increased and the spectrum of the disease has changed. The effects of the AIDS epidemic, the role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the value of newer laboratory techniques in establishing the diagnosis, and approaches to treatment are among the topics addressed in this review of tuberculous meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous meningitis. 808 12

Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis would prove whether transmission had occurred between individuals. A method to characterize strains of M. tuberculosis has been developed utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Purified chromosomal DNA of cultured clinical samples of M. tuberculosis were subjected to PCR using short (10-12 nucleotide) oligonucleotide primers. PCR products visualized after agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining demonstrated that different strains of M. tuberculosis give different banding patterns. This technique was used to confirm the relationship between cases of tuberculosis in several clusters, prove the lack of relationship between 2 isolates with the same antibiotic-resistance pattern, confirm a suspected mislabeling event, and suggest the source of infection in a case of tuberculous meningitis. This method is rapid and simple and does not require radioactive probes.
 ...
PMID:DNA fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. 809 15

In the study Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) by the conventional bacteriological technique. The isolation rate of M. tuberculosis was found to be 11.5% in lumbar, 75% in ventricular and 87.5% in cisternal CSFs. Low isolation rate of M. tuberculosis in lumbar CSF is due the low density of tubercle bacilli in lumbar CSF than in cisternal CSF. However M. tuberculosis antigen 5 is present in significant concentration in CSFs. The antigen concentration in CSF was estimated by an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Since CSF specimens can not be collected from ventricular or cisternal routes for the routine bacteriological investigations in patients with TBM, estimation of M. tuberculosis antigen 5 concentration in lumbar CSF by an inhibition ELISA may be considered as an adjunct in the laboratory diagnosis of TBM. This is particularly relevant in those patients in whom bacteriological methods fail to demonstrate M. tuberculosis in CSF specimens.
 ...
PMID:Correlation between the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and estimation of mycobacterial antigen in cisternal, ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids of patients with tuberculous meningitis. 815 99

Detection of IgG antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by ELISA test appears to be highly sensitive. In 90 per cent (18/20) of proven cases of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), antibodies were present in CSF; in 75 per cent (15/20) antibodies were also present in the sera. In the patients clinically suspected to have TBM, antibodies in CSF and sera were present in 87.5 per cent (42/48) and 70.8 per cent (34/48) respectively, whereas in the control group antibodies were present in only one serum sample and in none of the CSF samples. The results indicate that ELISA test using sonicated M. tuberculosis H37 Ra as antigen is a sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of TBM.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by ELISA test. 816 3

We have developed a simplified protocol based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Using this protocol, we detected the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome within 24 hours in the CSF of 19 of 21 patients (90%) with clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis. The PCR results were negative in all 79 nontuberculous meningitis controls.
 ...
PMID:Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by a simplified nested amplification protocol. 761 14

The diagnosis and treatment of acute meningitis is a challenge for the primary care physician. Differentiating between bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis is not always straightforward. The aseptic meningitis syndrome is usually viral in origin, and enteroviruses account for most cases. The aseptic syndrome also may be caused by unusual bacterial organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leptospira species, Brucella species, Borrelia burgdorferi and others. The classic presentation consists of the acute onset of meningismus, headache, fever, malaise with pleocytosis and normal glucose and slightly elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and serum C-reactive protein measurements may be helpful in differentiating aseptic meningitis from treatable bacterial meningitis. Aseptic meningitis of viral origin usually responds to expectant care. Other causes of aseptic meningitis must be searched for and treated if present.
 ...
PMID:The aseptic meningitis syndrome. 821 11

Three types of antibodies against cellular and secretory-excretory protein antigens were simultaneously used for the direct detection of mycobacterial antigens in sputum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibodies consisted of in-house raised and prepared anti-whole-cell, heat-killed, and sonicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anti-secretory-excretory protein extract of bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain, and commercially available anti-BCG. Sputum specimens comprised 24 smear positive, culture positive, and 47 smear-negative, culture positive (SNCP), from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as 45 smear-negative, culture-negative (SNCN) control samples. The CSF specimens included 18 SNCPs from patients with tuberculous meningitis and 18 SNCN controls. The sensitivity of the individual tests for sputum and CSF specimens ranged from 70% to 79% and 72% to 89%, respectively, whereas in the combined tests it reached 86%-96% for sputum specimens and 100% for CSF specimens. The specificity of ELISAs for sputum specimens was lower in the combined (73%-87%) than in the individual (87%-98%) tests, whereas for CSF specimens it was 100% in all tests. Thus, the combined ELISA approach for mycobacterial antigen detection provides a rapid and reliable laboratory adjunct in the diagnosis of patients with tuberculosis.
 ...
PMID:Improved detection of mycobacterial antigens in clinical specimens by combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 824 33

We report here a case of miliary tuberculosis with tubercular meningitis in which the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method was useful for its rapid diagnosis and follow up. A 70 year old male was hospitalized for further examination and treatment of diffuse small nodular shadows on the chest X-ray. After receiving antimicrobial therapy shadows still remained and he gradually lost visual acuity. He had no meningeal signs, and no remarkable finding on cranial CT. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed increased cell number with predominantly lymphocytes. Cranial MRI (Gd DTPA) showed lateral ventricular ependymitis. Pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary tubercular meningitis were suspected, but we failed to detect microorganisms from the cerebrospinal fluid, gastric juice, sputum, and urine by the conventional method. However, by the polymerase chain reaction amplification method specific DNA fragments of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected from the cerebrospinal fluid, gastric juice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. The final diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis with tubercular meningitis was established. We administered antitubercular drugs and observed the clinical course. He recovered and the polymerase chain reaction showed negative consequences in all samples. The judgement of PCR and the clinical course were compatible and parallel with the clinical course.
 ...
PMID:[A case report of miliary tuberculosis with tubercular meningitis diagnosed and followed by polymerase chain reaction method]. 827 Aug 4

Hospital records of 16 infants and children (9 males & 7 females) with tuberculous meningitis or tuberculoma were reviewed retrospectively over a 10-year period. Patients were aged from 5 months to 16 years, with a mean age of 7.2 years. The diagnoses were confirmed via a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 14 patients, and from brain tissue in 2. Most patients presented with fever (100%), conscious change (80%), vomiting (80%) and headaches (75%). Neurologically, meningeal and pyramidal signs were the most common findings. Lymphocytic CSF pleocytosis with hypoglycorrhachia, increased protein, and decreased CSF/serum glucose ratio were the major CSF findings in our patients. Hyponatremia was present in 70%. Brain computerized tomography showed hydrocephalus (87%), basal exudate (50%), ischemic infarction (37%) and tuberculoma (12%). Two patients (12%) expired and 10 (71%) of the surviving patients had neurological sequelae. In summary, the characteristic CSF findings and hydrocephalus (87%) seemed to be sensitive clues supporting early initiation of antituberculous drug therapy and thorough investigation as reflected in this series.
 ...
PMID:Central nervous system tuberculosis in infants and children. 829 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10