Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate modern treatment and identify important factors influencing the outcome of tuberculous meningitis, clinical and laboratory findings in 52 patients aged from 9 months to 68 years have been reviewed. Patients were classified by clinical criterions at admission and at the start of treatment. Delay in commencing treatment was associated with deterioration and consequently poorer prognosis, but some severely ill patients made a good recovery. Forty-four survivors (85%) recovered, and only two patients (4%) had severe residual disability; eight (15%) of the patients died. Treatment should commence as soon as possible on clinical grounds without necessarily waiting for demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the organism can often be demonstrated in CSF withdrawn after the start of drug therapy.
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PMID:Tuberculous meningitis. 10 6

Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from 13 patients with nonsuppurative meningitis were cultured with antigens derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Sporotrichum schenckii, and herpes simplex. When CSF lymphocytes from five patients with infections associated with these organisms were incubated with "correct" antigen there was increased incorporation of thymidine. The levels were higher than those seen when the cells were incubated with different antigens or when CSF lymphocytes from patients with other causes for their meningitis were cultured with these antigens. A compartmentalization of antigen-specific cells was suggested as CSF lymphocytes had greater stimulation than did peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patient when incubated with the correct antigen. Transformational assays of CSF lymphocytes may provide a valuable diagnostic aid in certain cases of chronic meningitis.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte transformations in meningitis. 21 89

The placing of a ventriculoatrial anastomosis because of elevated CSF pressure secondary to tuberculous meningitis resulted in repeated dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the anastomosis. The consequent clinical picture showed recurrent appearance and clearing of miliary tuberculosis of the lung in spite of antituberculosis chemotherapy. While this possibility was considered early, the diagnosis was not established until the shunt was replaced shortly before the patient's death.
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PMID:Recurrent miliary tuberculosis secondary to infected ventriculoatrial shunt. 46 21

A 73-year-old patient with a cerebral abscess of tuberculous etiology localized in the left parietooccipital region is presented. Clinically it had behaved like an expansive process. The inside of the abscess contained a purulent exudate with polynuclear cells and necrotic material. The wall of the abscess was formed by a predominantly histiocytic internal layer and an external one composed by histiocytes with the morphology of epithelioid cells. No tuberculous granulomas were found. The histiocytes contained a large number of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli. In the exudate Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis was bacteriologically isolated. After the surgical operation the patient developed an acute tuberculous sepsis with tuberculous exudative meningitis and miliary dissemination in various organs. As regards the pathogenesis of the tuberculous cerebral abscess the authors consider the possible influence of a deficitary immune state of the patient and the aggressiveness of the infective organism.
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PMID:[Tuberculous cerebral abscess. Morphopathologic study (author's transl)]. 49 87

An analysis of 219 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians during a 5-year period, July 1, 1968, through June 30, 1973, revealed that 56 percent were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, 26 percent by Neisseria meningitidis, 6 percent by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6 percent by other organisms. The annual incidence of H. influenzae meningitis (17.7 per 100,000 persons) and that of pneumococcal meningitis (8.0 per 100,000) were much higher than the rates for these diseases reported from other population groups. The annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis (2.0 per 100,000) was similar to that found elsewhere. There was an ususual concentration of cases during the first year of life; 78 percent of H. influenzae, 64 percent of pneumococcal, and 50 percent of meningococcal meningitis occurred during this time. However, bacterial meningitis during the first month of life was not frequent (0.29 per 1,000 live births). Case fatality rates were similar to those reported for other population groups.
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PMID:Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians. 82 72

We analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings of 19 patients with tuberculous meningitis seen between 1966 and 1974 at the Henry Ford Hospital. Eighteen patients were adults at the time of diagnosis. In eight patients, the history suggested that the infection with the tubercle bacillus had occurred in the remote past. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was often typical for tuberculous meningitis; stains for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were usually negative. Of 16 patients who were treated, five died and five suffered permanent neurological sequelae. The addition to rifampin to isoniazid therapy did not improve either survival or permanent sequelae. We were not able to analyze the effect of steroids on the disease.
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PMID:Tuberculous meningitis in an urban general hospital. 92 37

We presented a case of tuberculous meningitis in which a nested polymerase chain reaction was useful for its rapid diagnosis and follow-up. A 5-month-old girl was hospitalized for gastrointestinal complaints of 4 days' duration. She initially had no meningeal signs, but showed a bulging of the anterior fontanel on the 10th day of her illness. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a cell count of 886/3 microliters (80% lymphocytes), protein of 20 mg/dl, and glucose of 27 mg/dl. Tuberculous meningitis was suspected clinically and an antituberculous therapy was commenced on the 13th day. Although repeated attempts to culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative, the DNA of the organism was detected sequentially from the cerebrospinal fluid of the 13th and 16th day by the method of a nested polymerase chain reaction. The final diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis was established on the basis of the positive results of the nested polymerase chain reaction, a positive tuberculin test, and typical cerebrospinal fluid findings. She recovered rapidly in response to the therapy and was discharged from the hospital without any neurological sequelae on the 89th day. The follow-up samples of the nested polymerase chain reaction resulted as negative after the 26th day of the illness.
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PMID:[Nested polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis and follow-up of tuberculous meningitis: a case report]. 129 27

Because little was known about the prevalence of neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, we conducted a cross-sectional study among consecutive admissions to the internal medicine wards of Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of the 196 patients studied, 104 (53%) were HIV-1 seropositive, of whom 50 (48%) had stage 3 and 49 (47%) had stage 4 HIV-1 infection according to the provisional WHO staging criteria for HIV infection. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities were present in 43 (41%) of 104 HIV-1-seropositive patients. Of the HIV-1-seropositive patients, 9 (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 4-16%) were diagnosed as having possible HIV-1-associated dementia complex, 1 (1%) as having possible HIV-1 myelopathy, and 3 (2.7%) as having possible HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Definitive diagnoses could not be made because there were no facilities for neuroimaging and neuropathology. Meningitis caused by cryptococcus was diagnosed in six (5.6%) and by Mycobacterium avium in two (2%) of the HIV-1 seropositive patients. Acute onset hemiplegia, believed to be due to stroke, was present in four (4%) of the HIV-1-seropositive patients. The prevalence of other central nervous system opportunistic infections and mass lesions, especially toxoplasmic encephalitis, could not be assessed. In this population of Zairian inpatients, the prevalence of neurological complications of HIV-1 infection was similar to that observed in industrialized countries among patients with advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Neurological complications of HIV-1-seropositive internal medicine inpatients in Kinshasa, Zaire. 131 94

Twelve children who developed active tuberculosis even after receiving isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis were seen at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Hospital from 1982 through 1991. All cases received INH more than 9 mg/kg/day, except for one case in which the amount of INH administered at the referring hospital was unknown and Streptomycin was administered together with INH. The age of starting INH prophylaxis ranged from 2 months to 13 years, and the age at which clinical symptoms and/or laboratory evidences of active tuberculosis were first manifested ranged from 4 months to 18 years. Five patients developed active tuberculosis after the completion of chemoprophylaxis and patients during chemoprophylaxis, with the first presentation ranging from primary complex (seven), chronic pulmonary tuberculosis (two), tuberculous meningitis (two), and tuberculous pleuritis (one). None of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to INH was isolated. Reviewing these patients, eleven cases had at least one of the following factors: (1) age less than two years old (2) infectious sources expectorated more Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3) delay in starting INH. Above factors should be considered in initiating INH chemoprophylaxis and subsequent follow-up of the patients.
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PMID:[Active tuberculosis in children who received INH chemoprophylaxis]. 145 66

We report the case of a woman who developed chronic meningitis and a brain abscess due to Mycobacterium avium, without immunosuppressed state. She was treated with antituberculous drugs but the infection progressed and she died 4 years after first becoming ill. The occurrence of CNS infection with M. avium in the absence of acquired immunosuppression is rare. Its diagnosis is difficult, delaying clinical recognition and appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Chronic Mycobacterium avium complex infection of the central nervous system in a nonimmunosuppressed woman. 152 52


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