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Query: UMLS:C0026918 (Mycobacterium)
 52,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bovine tuberculosis was eradicated from Sweden after a programme lasting many years. By 1991, no tuberculosis in wildlife had been discovered for 50 years and the last case in cattle had occurred 13 years before. In 1991, the disease was identified in a herd of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) and over the next three years nine other infected herds were identified. Investigation revealed that all the infected deer were either deer that had been imported into Sweden from the United Kingdom in 1987 or had been in contact with them. Restriction fragment analysis of eight isolates of Mycobacterium bovis from five of the herds showed that the isolates had identical patterns of DNA fragments, which indicated a common source of infection. Among more than 800 isolates of M bovis that have been analysed, these patterns were identical to those of only two previous isolates, both of which came from British deer. These results indicate that the eight Swedish strains of M bovis and the two British strains may have a common source of infection.
Vet Rec 1995 Apr 22
PMID:Bovine tuberculosis in Swedish deer farms: epidemiological investigations and tracing using restriction fragment analysis. 762 58

The control of bovine tuberculosis remains a significant problem in the United Kingdom, especially in the south west of England where the rising prevalence of the disease is attributed to a reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers. The possibility of controlling the disease by the vaccination of cattle has been unpopular with veterinarians largely because of the potential compromise of existing diagnostic tests. However, the vaccination of badgers to reduce the risk of transmission to cattle is an attractive option and has now been adopted as a potential control strategy. Recent research has led to important advances in the molecular genetics of mycobacteria and in the understanding of protective immune responses. These advances mean that it may be feasible to design and develop effective mycobacterial vaccines. This review summarises the current understanding of protective immunity against M bovis infection and discusses the possible strategies for the development of vaccines.
Vet Rec 1995 May 06
PMID:Control of bovine tuberculosis by vaccination. 763 34

A 25 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium bovis has previously been identified as immunodominant during badger infections. This 25 kDa antigen was partially purified from sonicated M bovis bacilli by using water precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, and its purification was monitored with a mouse monoclonal antibody, MBS43, which was specific for the antigen. The partly purified antigen was used to develop an ELISA for the assay of badger sera for the presence of specific antibodies. A presumed negative badger population was used to calculate the assay's threshold of seropositivity and using this value, its sensitivity (37 percent) and specificity (98 percent) were determined in a second population of known culture status. The results indicate that it may be possible to develop a specific and cost effective serological field assay for the diagnosis of M bovis infection in living badgers.
Vet Rec 1994 Jul 23
PMID:Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers: development of an indirect ELISA using a 25 kDa antigen. 797 93

Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from respiratory secretions and lymph nodes from 15 skin test-negative cattle which exhibited interferon-gamma responses. These field cases, identified by blood testing, constituted a significant proportion of skin test-negative cattle which had been subjected to extensive post mortem examinations. Typical tuberculous lesions were found in seven of them. The consequences of cattle with early tuberculosis infection not being detected by traditional tuberculin testing are considered.
Vet Rec 1994 Aug 06
PMID:Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in skin test-negative cattle with an assay for bovine interferon-gamma. 797 5

An outbreak of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a herd of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) was managed by sanitary and medical measures. The sanitary measures included the isolation of infected animals, the monitoring of animals with a range of diagnostic tests and the hand-rearing of the progeny of the infected herd. All the infected oryx were treated with a mixture of isoniazid at 10 mg/kg bodyweight, ethambutol hydrochloride at 15 mg/kg bodyweight and rifampicin at 10 mg/kg bodyweight administered daily in the drinking water. These measures resulted in the cessation of mortalities, a decrease in the numbers of moderate and high risk animals and the production of tuberculosis-free animals for reintroduction into the wild.
Vet Rec 1994 Feb 12
PMID:An outbreak of tuberculosis in a captive herd of Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx): management. 816 Mar 30

One hundred and seventy-six cattle, vaccinated against paratuberculosis in the first month of life with a whole-cell inactivated vaccine, containing Mycobacterium paratuberculosis suspended in a water/oil emulsion, were tested with intradermal Johnin between the ages of five and 14 months. Negative results in the skin test occurred more frequently in animals found positive in post mortem examinations (P = 0.008) using histological, microscopical and cultural techniques.
Vet Rec 1993 Jan 09
PMID:Relationship between negative skin test with Johnin after vaccination and post mortem findings. 844 35

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in one 18-month-old and two 30-month-old hinds in a herd of 70 red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Ireland. Loss of condition and intermittent diarrhoea were the main clinical findings. Clumps of acid-fast organisms were found in the faeces of the three deer. Post mortem examination of one deer showed a slight swelling and pallor of the intestinal tract and associated lymph nodes. Histopathology showed a severe, granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis, with extensive cellular infiltration, notably with epithelioid macrophages containing numerous acid-fast organisms. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from intestinal and lymph node samples. Paratuberculosis was also confirmed in one of nine clinically normal, yearling stags, sampled at slaughter. Complement fixation tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays gave higher readings for clinically affected deer than healthy ones. Acid soil on the farm was believed to be a contributory cause.
Vet Rec 1993 Feb 27
PMID:Paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Ireland. 845 13

The literature relating to feline mycobacterial disease is reviewed and 19 cats with tuberculosis caused by a previously unknown strain of mycobacterium are discussed. The bacteria were found to have characteristics between those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis. The paper considers the clinical signs, epidemiology and diagnosis of the cases, and discusses the possible origins of the organism, treatment regimens and zoonotic potential.
Vet Rec 1996 Jan 20
PMID:Feline tuberculosis: a literature review and discussion of 19 cases caused by an unusual mycobacterial variant. 862 29

The performance of an indirect ELISA for diagnosing Mycobacterium bovis infection in live badgers was evaluated by examining blood samples collected from 1982 badgers captured during statutory badger removal operations in south west England. The Validity of the test and the factors affecting the prevalence of infection are described. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 40.7 percent, its specificity was 94.3 percent, the predictive value of a positive test was 67.5% percent and the predictive value of a negative test was 84.6 percent. Its sensitivity was significantly higher in males and animals with gross lesions typical of tuberculosis. The sensitivity and positive predictive values were enhanced when the results were grouped by control operation. Variables of significance for prevalence were the county, the time of year, the age and sex of animal, and the time after the start of a control operation. The possible use of the ELISA as a screening test is discussed.
Vet Rec 1995 Nov 25
PMID:Evaluation of an ELISA for Mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers (Meles meles). 864 33

A histological examination of a biopsy from a firm submandibular mass in a seven-year-old domestic short-haired cat revealed a granulomatous lymphadenitis associated with the presence of small numbers of acid-fast bacilli. The cat was euthanased and subjected to a detailed post mortem examination which revealed extensive granulomatous inflammation in the right and left bronchial, para-aortic, mesenteric and colic lymph nodes, with small or early lesions in the lung and Peyer's patches of the ileum. Mycobacteria were isolated from the submandibular, mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes. The bacilli reacted with a DNA probe specific for the tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis, but had cultural characteristics intermediate between these two species. The pathological findings are compared with previous reports of mycobacterial infections in cats, and the public health implications are discussed.
Vet Rec 1996 Jan 27
PMID:A pathological study of a mycobacterial infection in a cat caused by a variant with cultural characteristics between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M bovis. 865 Aug 93


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