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Query: UMLS:C0026916 (MAC)
 5,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Identification of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was made using three DNA probe tests for MAC: Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the MAC (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, U.S.A.), AccuProbe MAC Culture Identification or Confirmation Test (Gen-Probe Inc.); and SNAP Culture Identification Diagnostic Kit (MAC) (Syngene Inc., San Diego, U.S.A.). Various strains of MAC belonging to serovars 21 to 28 were identified by the DNA probe tests and showed the following. First, Serovar 21 and 25 belonged to M. avium and M. intracellulare, respectively. Each of them reacted with species-specific probes used in the three DNA probe tests [i.e., either M. avium-probe (in SNAP test; Probe A) or M. intracellulare-probe (in SNAP test; Probe I)]. Second, serovars 22-24 and 26-28 consisted of M. intracellulare, MAC strains that reacted with Probe X of SNAP test but lacked the reactivity with M. avium- and M. intracellulare probes of all the DNA probe tests, M. scrofulaceum that showed no reactivity with M. avium- or M. intracellulare-probe or Probe X, and M. scrofulaceum that had only the reactivity with Probe X. When the disease-associated MAC strains (35 strains), isolated in the Kanto to Kyushu areas in Japan, were identified using AccuProbe test, both the M. avium and M. intracellulare strains identified by the Gen-Probe test reacted with the MAC-probe but not with the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC)-probe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Identification of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare using three DNA probe tests, and their distributions in Japan]. 176 54

In order to improve feasibility of technical procedures in Gen Probe Rapid Diagnostic System (Gen Probe Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.) for identification of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. tuberculosis complex (MTC), we studied several test conditions in the DNA probe testing, such as stability of test bacterial suspension, optimal duration of bacterial cultivation, the number of organisms in test bacterial suspension required for accurate determination, and so on. With respect to concentration of organisms (MAC and MTC) in test bacterial suspension (0.1ml), we found that 5-fold dilution as well as 5-fold condensation of the standard bacterial suspension (McFarland No.1) gave substantially the same result as in the case where bacterial suspension at the standard concentration was used. This indicates that the test bacterial suspensions (0.1ml) containing either 1.5 X 10(7)-5 X 10(8) of MAC or 3 X 10(5)-8 X 10(6) of MTC are available for the DNA probe testing. Test bacterial suspension at McFarland No.1 prepared from fresh cultures (3-4 week-old) could be stored either at -80, -20 or 4 degrees C at least for 17 weeks without significant loss of reactivity to M. avium, M. intracellulare and MTC DNA probes. In this case, stability of DNA probe-reactivity was preserved in the following order: MTC, M. avium and M. intracellulare. Concerning the age of bacterial cultures, at least 16-week-old cultures of MAC and MTC after initial appearance of cell growth on 1% Ogawa's egg media were sufficiently reactive to either MAC or MTC DNA probe. In this case, MTC showed most stable reactivity during the course of long-term cultivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of detailed conditions in DNA probe test by use of Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for identification of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]. 190 37

Mycobacterial disease is a major part of the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV infection. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most common mycobacterial pathogens afflicting HIV-positive patients. Infection with MAI tends to be an OI of advanced AIDS, and the results of treatment are frequently unsatisfactory. M. tuberculosis tends to attack patients much earlier in the course of their HIV disease, responds to standard treatment, and is the most contagious of the life-threatening HIV-related pathogens. This article provides concise information about the management of mycobacteriosis in the context of HIV infection. It is directed especially at primary care physicians. Emphasis is on clinical manifestation, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:Mycobacterial disease associated with HIV infection. 200 73

The care of patients who have HIV infection requires technical competence, skill in clinical decision making, a commitment to continuing self-education, the ability to collaborate with medical and community-based service providers, and attention to the psychological and ethical aspects of patient care. General internists bring these attributes to their work and will be increasingly involved in meeting the challenges presented by the AIDS epidemic. Controversial issues in the management of HIV illness include: assessment and management of latent syphilis in patients with intercurrent HIV infection; risk assessment and postexposure zidovudine prophylaxis of health care workers after occupational accidents; determination of the risk of reactivation tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals; and treatment or nontreatment of infections with the Mycobacterium avium complex in symptomatic patients. Patients illustrating these management problems are presented by progressive disclosure; the points made in discussion by a panel of general internists and AIDS specialists are presented.
J Gen Intern Med
PMID:Controversies in the management of HIV-related illnesses. 200 78

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis was used to evaluate the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. paratuberculosis, and nine other mycobacterial species. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.8 for the 35 MAC and 2 M. paratuberculosis strains which represented 24 electrophoretic types (ETs) and two distinct groups. The M. avium group was resolved into 17 ETs and contained the M. paratuberculosis ET. The M. intracellulare group consisted of six ETs. There was complete agreement between Gen-Probe identification and group placement by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The mean genetic diversity per locus for the 24 MAC ETs was 0.38. This procedure subdivided some serovars and, if implemented, should prove to be a powerful epidemiologic tool for the MAC. Eleven additional ETs were formed after the data for the other mycobacterial species were pooled with those for the MAC.
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PMID:Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the Mycobacterium avium complex and other mycobacteria. 200 33

Three reference and 16 field strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were tested with the Gen-Probe Mycobacterium avium complex DNA probe (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.). All reference strains and 12 of 16 field strains gave positive hybridization results with the probe. This study shows that the M. avium complex probe does not distinguish between M. avium and M. paratuberculosis and indicates heterogeneity in the 16S rRNA gene of M. paratuberculosis.
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PMID:Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the Mycobacterium avium complex does not distinguish between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 171 27

Gen-Probe culture confirmation tests (Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium complex were performed on 276 mycobacterial isolates. All 138 M. tuberculosis complex isolates and 79 of 80 M. avium complex isolates were identified correctly. No falsely positive test results were obtained; 58 nontuberculous mycobacteria other than M. avium complex were negative by Gen-Probe. In a second phase of testing, Gen-Probe tests were performed using concentrates from 101 patient Bactec 12B cultures. Positive results by Gen-Probe tests were correlated with the growth index (GI) reading on the day of processing as well as the accumulated GI readings. For those 51 with high (greater than or equal to 999) final GIs, 40/40 (100%) M. tuberculosis complex isolates and 9/11 M. avium complex isolates were positive by Gen-Probe, and six other mycobacteria were negative. Of the 25 with moderate final readings (400 less than or equal to GI less than 999), 12/17 M. tuberculosis complex isolates and 1/1 M. avium complex isolates were correctly identified by Gen-Probe; seven other mycobacteria were negative. Of 25 with low readings (GI less than 400), 8/24 M. tuberculosis isolates were correctly identified by Gen-Probe, and no falsely positive test results were obtained with the other probes. All true negative tests on seven other mycobacteria (not M. tuberculosis complex or M. avium complex) had less than 2% hybridization. Of the 24 falsely negative tests on M. tuberculosis complex isolates or M. avium complex isolates, 22 had greater than 2% hybridization with their respective probes. Thus, percent hybridization greater than 2% may be a useful indicator of the need for retesting.
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PMID:Use of Gen-Probe and Bactec for rapid isolation and identification of mycobacteria. Correlation of probe results with growth index. 210 79

Reference strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) belonging to serovars 1 to 28 were examined with DNA probes (Gen Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the MAC; Gen Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.) specific for either M. avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. This study revealed that the earlier designations of the MAC serovars, in which serovars 1 to 3 and 4 to 28 were regarded as M. avium and M. intracellular, respectively, should be revised as follows. First M. avium includes serovars, 1 to 6, 8 to 11, and 21. Second, M. intracellulare includes serovars 7, 12 to 20, and 25. However, other serovars, such as serovars 22 to 24 and 26 to 28, involve M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and MAC that are lacking in the reactivity with either DNA probe and that are too disordered to enable a conclusive description here, particularly concerning their taxonomic positions in the MAC.
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PMID:Identification of various serovar strains of Mycobacterium avium complex by using DNA probes specific for Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. 220 7

Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Tokyo University Hospital during 1970-1980 were identified to the level of species using a commercial DNA probe Kit (Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for Mycobacterium avium Complex; Gen-Probe Corp., California, USA). The cell count to give a positive result, that is, the absolute hybridization of more than 10%, was 5 X 10(6) CFU/ml for M. avium and 1 X 10(6) CFU/ml for M. intracellulare, respectively. At this condition, compared with the conventional biochemical test, the DNA prove procedure showed sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity 100%. The agreement of the identification between the two methods was 99.1%. The isolation frequency at the level of species among 104 isolates tested in this method was: M. avium 72.1%, M. kansaii 7.7%, M. intracellulare 3.8%, M. gordonae 3.8% and others 12.5%. Thus, this DNA probe test to identify and distinguish M. avium complex gave a satisfactory result in its simplicity and accuracy.
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PMID:[Identification of Mycobacterium avium complex isolated in Tokyo University Hospital using DNA probe procedure]. 235 9

The profile of generation and characteristics of splenic macrophages (M phi s) which suppress the concanavalin A (Con A) mitogenic response of splenic T cells (designated as 'immunosuppressive M phi s') in host CBA/JN mice during the course of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection were investigated. In MAC-infected mice, reductions in some cellular functions of host splenic T cells, such as the Con A mitogenic response and mixed leucocyte reaction, were seen around 2 weeks after challenge of organisms, and this was accompanied by appearance of immunosuppressive M phi s in spleen cells. In this case, increase in immunosuppressive M phi activity was seen in terms of both activity per spleen and activity per individual M phi. In this phase of the infection, MAC-induced splenic M phi s showed a markedly increased ability to produce reactive oxygen radicals in response to phorbol myristate acetate. Thus, the expression of suppressor activity of MAC-induced M phi s seems to be closely linked to their activated state. A large proportion of the immunosuppressive M phi s exhibited suppressor activity dependent on prostaglandins and membrane functions related to microfilaments. It was also found that the generation of IL-2-reactive T cell populations in response to Con A was markedly inhibited by MAC-induced splenic M phi s, whereas they caused no significant reduction in the IL-2-producing ability of normal spleen cells.
J Gen Microbiol 1990 May
PMID:Characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages induced in spleen cells by Mycobacterium avium complex infections in mice. 238 Jun 90


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