Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026916 (MAC)
 5,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane inhaled in vivo on the in vitro transcription in isolated liver cell nuclei was studied in female Wistar rats. After 0.45-0.48 MAC of any of the three anesthetics in oxygen for 18 hours, in vitro RNA synthesis increased, a maximum being found on the third day after inhalation of halothane, on the second day in enflurane, and immediately after cessation of inhalation in the case of isoflurane. A similar stimulation of RNA synthesis was observed in rats given phenobarbital in the drinking water. The possibility that the observed increase in the transcription rate is related with enzyme induction is discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on RNA synthesis in isolated rat liver cell nuclei. 245 43

During the experiments on 952 white random-bred mice a scale of benz(a)pyrene (BP) doses from 10 to 0.0001 mg was studied under isolated peroral, intratracheal and complex effect. Dose-time relationship of carcinogenic effect was described. It was demonstrated that for large doses complex intake of carcinogens was determined by the effect of taking antilogarithms and for threshold doses by independent action. It was concluded that MAC for BP under complex effect should not exceed the sum of its earlier established admissible concentrations for atmospheric air and water reservoirs.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene after its combined intake and the problems of its standardization in the environment]. 262 3

Humidifiers and small diameter endotracheal tubes placed in the airway circuit increase the impedance to breathing. The effect of such impedances on the work of breathing and respiratory patterns was studied in eight healthy adult patients (60-80 kg) anesthetized with 1 and 2 MAC halothane in oxygen. A Cascade Humidifier and Portex Humid-Vent (dry and water saturated) were evaluated while patients breathed through an 8.0-mm endotracheal tube. A 6.0-mm endotracheal tube was also assessed without the humidifiers. At 1 MAC the Cascade Humidifier and the wet Humid-Vent when used with the 8.0-mm tube increased the work of breathing to 86.8 ml and 76.8 ml, 77% and 70% above baseline levels of 48.1 ml, whereas the 6.0-mm tube without the humidifiers increased work 89% to 78.9 ml. Tidal volume and respiratory frequency were unchanged throughout the study, although inspiratory time was prolonged. Lightly to moderately anesthetized healthy adult patients are able to maintain minute ventilation despite the impedance associated with commonly used humidifiers by significantly increasing work of breathing.
 ...
PMID:The effects of airway impedance on work of breathing during halothane anesthesia. 277 34

To evaluate the impact of anesthetics on the evolution of a cerebral injury, 33 rabbits were subjected to a cryogenic brain lesion, followed by 10 h of anesthesia with 1 MAC halothane or isoflurane (n = 11 each) or with an equipotent dose of pentobarbital (n = 11). The lungs were ventilated to a PaCO2 = 30-35 mmHg with O2/air and normothermia was maintained. Intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial blood gases, and pH, osmolality, and other blood chemistries were recorded. Fifteen minutes after surgery, a left parietal injury was produced with liquid N2. A MAP greater than 70-75 mmHg was maintained throughout the study, using angiotensin II as needed, and CSF was removed if severe intracranial hypertension (ICP greater than 30 mmHg) threatened to reduce cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = MAP-ICP) below 40 mmHg. 10 h after injury, the animals were killed, and edema formation assessed by: A) the wet weight of the two hemispheres; B) water content (%H2O; wet-dry weight) of the posterior aspect of the hemispheres; and C) specific gravity (SpGr) of tissue samples taken adjacent to and distant from the lesion. Animals given pentobarbital had higher MAP's until 3 h after the lesion had been induced. There were no subsequent intergroup differences in MAP, and no differences at any time in CVP, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, total fluids, or urine output. ICP increased in all animals, but with no significant intergroup differences (ICP in halothane animals was numerically lower). There were no clear differences in the incidence of ventricular drainage (1 halothane, 5 isoflurane, 3 pentobarbital; P = 0.16). In spite of CSF drainage and angiotensin, CPP
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the effects of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on intracranial pressure and cerebral edema formation following brain injury in rabbits. 280 14

Previously, it was difficult to isolate the Mycobacterium avium complex from soil, water, and dusts, because rapidly growing mycobacteria always overgrew slowly growing ones. We used Ogawa egg medium containing both ethambutol and ofloxacin, which inhibit the nonpathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria and most rapidly growing mycobacteria, respectively, as an aid to screen for pathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria; we could thereby isolate a number of the M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum strains from soil, water, and dusts in this country.
 ...
PMID:The isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from soil, water, and dusts. 305 33

The effect of halothane on the pressor responses to hypoxia (3% O2, 5% CO2, balance N2) and to Angiotensin II (Ang II) (0.2 microgram) has been compared in an in vitro perfused and ventilated rat lung preparation in the presence and absence of agents known to block the lipoxygenase (BW755C) and/or the cyclooxygenase (ibuprofen) pathways for arachidonic acid metabolism. Preliminary studies established the stability of the preparation (experiment 1) during two hours of observation and allowed estimation of (experiment 2) the concentration of BW755C that inhibited the HPV response by 50% (ED50 = 125 microM). In experiment 3, the rat lungs were subdivided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. Group A received the drug solvent, and B received 17 microM ibuprofen. Groups C and D received ibuprofen and, in addition, an ED50 dose of BW755C. The lungs were then tested for their response to hypoxia. In addition, groups C and D were tested for their response to 0.2 microgram Ang II. 0.5 MAC halothane was introduced into the ventilatory circuit of A, B, and D. Group C received no halothane. Responses to hypoxia and Ang II (groups C and D) were measured. Halothane was terminated and a further hypoxic response was tested in groups A and B. The results show, in group A, that the addition of halothane reduced the response to hypoxia from (mean +/- SE cm H2O) 13.4 +/- 1.56 to 6.5 +/- 1.28, a 50% reduction. The addition of ibuprofen in group B caused a 33% increase in the response, and the addition of halothane now caused only a 30% decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The actions of halothane, ibuprofen and BW755C on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. 310 60

From July 1983 through November 1985, organisms belonging to Mycobacterium avium complex were isolated from the urine of 29 patients. Strains recovered from the urine of nine patients from July 1983 through August 1984 were serotyped. Eight of the nine samples belonged to serovar 4. M. avium complex was isolated from the urine of 21 patients during the period from November 1984 through November 1985. While the possibility of a point source contamination was investigated, M. avium complex was recovered from the phenol red solution used for processing urine specimens in the mycobacteriology laboratory and the deionized tap water of that laboratory that is used to make the reagent. M. avium complex serovar 4 was subsequently recovered from the tap water of the laboratory and four hospital wards. During the year following the installation of a microbiological filter for the mycobacteriology laboratory deionized tap water, 2 urine isolates were recovered, compared to 26 the previous year. This study demonstrates the importance of filtration devices at tap water sites that are used to make laboratory reagents and the value of serotyping as a marker for the detection of a specific source of M. avium complex contamination.
 ...
PMID:Mycobacterium avium complex pseudobacteriuria from a hospital water supply. 338 94

Hygiene-toxicological and ecotoxicological studies of amide herbicide propanide are performed in view of its standardization in waters. Experiments are carried out for defining its effect on the organoleptic quality of the waters, ecotoxicological effect in water medium and toxic effect on warm blooded organisms. Threshold and subthreshold concentrations and doses of harmful effect are defined. Differentiated hygiene norms (MAC) are developed for toxicological resources; for first category (after toxicological indication)--0.1 mg/l; for second and third (after ecotoxicological symptom) respectively 1.0 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental study and standardization of propanide in water]. 344 68

The gas chromatography with initial enrichment of the samples on activated carbon was employed to determine low concentrations of butanol and butyl acetate mixture in the air with different humidity content. In the range of concentrations examined (20-30 MAC for the atmospheric air) no apparent influence of moisture content in the air on the "breakthrough" of sorbent layer was stated. Moreover, butanol desorption efficiency decreased simultaneously with the increase of quantity of humidity adsorbed on the activated carbon. The analytic technique discussed should not be employed in determination of butanol low concentrations in the air with relative humidity exceeding 50%, and, in case this is of necessity, when the desorption coefficient is estimated, the amount of water adsorbed on the activated carbon during sampling should be regarded.
 ...
PMID:Application of gas chromatography combined with enrichment of samples on activated carbon to determine low concentrations of organic compounds in the air. Part II. Butanol and butyl acetate. 350 28

We describe a pseudoepidemic due to atypical mycobacteria contaminating the water used by a pathology laboratory and bronchoscopy suite on two floors of the same hospital building. Inspection of laboratory procedures revealed that contamination occurred during specimen processing in pathology and while obtaining the bronchoscopic specimens. Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum were identified. During an eight-month period, a total of 22 (31%) of 70 patients with positive acid-fast smears had either an illness inconsistent with tuberculosis or a known alternate diagnosis. Control was easily obtained by insertion of a 0.2-micron polymer filter into the outflow tubing of our pathology tap water-deionizing unit and the tap water source in the bronchoscopy suite. The pseudoepidemic led to additional diagnostic-therapeutic intervention, but no patient experienced delay in appropriate diagnosis. Pseudoepidemics due to atypical mycobacteria will likely be of increased importance in institutions providing care to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:A pseudoepidemic due to atypical mycobacteria in a hospital water supply. 361 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>