Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026916 (MAC)
 5,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced histological evidence of slight to severe fatty degeneration of the liver lobules and Kupffer cells. In addition marked pulmonary hyperaemia and alveolar septal distention were noted. Fibrous swelling of the cardiac muscle (with striation) just barely maintained) and hyperaemia remained detectable for as long as 14 h post-exposure, but only occurred at 3000 ppm/8 h. A concentration of 1000 ppm/8 h was required to produce a fall in blood albumin, urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase activities and erythrocyte count. The cited concentrations failed to produce prenarcotic symptoms of narcosis (central nervous system (CNS) depression). The LD50 was found to be 6.0 ml/kg i.p. and 1.0 ml/kg p.o. for female rats, and 3.2 ml/kg i;p. for female mice. In some of the rats killed in these experiments the organ changes were found to be identical to those observed after inhalation.
 ...
PMID:Toxicity studies on trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. 85 30

A clinico-laboratory study is carried out on 100 workers from the coke-chemical plant "Mining Complex Kremikovtzy", exposed to chronic effect of carbon oxide, at concentrations close to MAC. A wide range of laboratory indicators are employed for the purpose: hematologic, biochemical and enzymatic. Increased alkaline phosphatase and aldolase activity, increased fibrinogen values and leucineaminopeptidase inhibition are pointed out as being most demonstrative of the early carbon oxide effects on the organism.
 ...
PMID:[Early criteria for the diagnosis of chronic carbon monoxide exposure]. 123 12

To evaluate the incidence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) and to define the association between signs and symptoms and development of DMAC in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, all cases of DMAC at Grady Memorial Hospital Infectious Disease Clinic (Atlanta) between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed, and a prospective study of the association of symptoms with DMAC was done. Between 1985 and 1990, DMAC occurred in 16% of patients with AIDS. Incidence increased from 5.7% in 1985-1988 to 23.3% in 1989-1990 (P less than .001). Median time from AIDS diagnosis to diagnosis of DMAC increased from 4.5 months in 1985-1988 to 8 months in 1989-1990 (P less than .02). In the prospective study, DMAC was seen only in persons with a CD4+ count less than 100 cells/mm3 and was associated with fever (P less than .03), anemia (P less than .001), weight loss (P less than .01), diarrhea (P less than .01), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (P less than .01). It is recommended that all such HIV-infected persons have mycobacterial blood cultures done.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection: clinical identification and epidemiologic trends. 134 60

Non-radioisotopic, alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA (AP-DNA) probe tests for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtb) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were evaluated. The overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the AP-DNA probes for Mtb and MAC were 100% respectively compared with the conventional biochemical method. Because the procedure is rapid (it can be completed approximately 120 min), safe (it does not use radioisotopes) and convenient (it does not need the special equipment to be performed), it can be easily performed in any clinical laboratory.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled DNA probes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex]. 140 15

We evaluated an alkaline phosphatase labelled oligonucleotide probe (SNAP(TM), Syngene Co., Molecular Biosystems, Inc., San Diego CA) for the direct culture identification of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolated from clinical specimens. Mycobacterial species identified by conventional biochemical methods were retested with this DNA probe using the Centri-Dot(TM) format. The probe accurately identified all 69 pigmented M. avium complex and 15 non-pigmented isolates of M. avium complex. There were no false-positives with 45 non-MAC mycobacteria isolates (10 species) and 16 non-mycobacteria organisms (10 species). The sensitivity and specificity of the SNAP(TM) culture identification for M. avium complex were 100%. The alkaline phosphatase labelled DNA probe is stable for at least 9 months. The procedure can be completed within 2 h and is easily adapted in the clinical laboratory. For the strains encountered in our laboratory, we conclude that the SNAP(TM) hybridization is a rapid, specific, and reliable method for culture identification of M. avium complex.
 ...
PMID:Non-radioactive DNA probe for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium avium complex from clinical specimens. 179 48

Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop hepatic dysfunction. Although hepatic injury may indirectly result from malnutrition, hypotension, administered medications, sepsis, or other conditions, the hepatic injury is frequently due to opportunistic hepatic infection, directly related to AIDS. Infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare typically occurs in patients with advanced immunocompromise and with systemic symptoms due to widely disseminated infection. In contrast, hepatic tuberculosis often occurs with less advanced immunocompromise. Cytomegaloviral infection may produce a hepatitis. Cytomegaloviral and cryptosporidial infections have been implicated as causes of acalculous cholecystitis and of a secondary sclerosing cholangitis. About 10-20% of patients with AIDS have chronic hepatitis B infection. These patients tend to develop minimal hepatic inflammation and necrosis. The clinical findings in patients with hepatic cryptococcal infection are usually due to concomitant extrahepatic infection. Hepatic histoplasmosis usually develops as part of a widely disseminated infection with systemic symptoms. Hepatic involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely documented ante mortem because an unguided liver biopsy is an insensitive diagnostic procedure. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver typically have lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and systemic symptoms. As a pragmatic approach, patients with liver dysfunction and HIV-related disease should have a sonographic or computerized tomographic examination of the liver. Patients with dilated bile ducts should undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because opportunistic infection may produce biliary obstruction. Patients with a focal hepatic lesion should be considered for a guided liver biopsy. Patients with a significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level should be considered for a percutaneous liver biopsy. When performed for these indications, liver biopsy will demonstrate a significant disease involving the liver in about 50% of patients with AIDS and in about 25% of patients who are HIV seropositive but who are not known to have AIDS. The clinical impact of a diagnostic biopsy is blunted by a lack of efficacious therapy for many opportunistic infections.
 ...
PMID:Hepatobiliary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 198 33

The growth and differentiation characteristics of MAC 15 murine adenocarcinoma cells, derived from routine passage in vivo for growth in vitro on a plastic substrate (MAC15j cells), were compared under conditions in which the cells were seeded onto a substrate of type-I collagen which was either attached to plastic or was released to float free in medium. Cells grown on a plastic substrate consisted of a heterogeneous, largely anaplastic population with a putative enterocytic morphology but with no evidence of junctional complexes or cell polarity typical of an epithelial phenotype. MAC 15j cells from cultures grown on a plastic substrate reestablished a moderate to well-defined degree of differentiation when transplanted back into NMRI mice. When MAC 15j cells were seeded from plastic onto type-I collagen, either attached to plastic or free-floating, tight junctional complexes were formed and the cells began to attain a more recognizable, columnar and polarised epithelial morphology. Cells grown on a type-I collagen gel which was free-floating showed a selective expression of alkaline phosphatase at the apical surfaces of approximately 10% of the cells. This expression was detectable by electron microscope histochemistry but could not be detected biochemically. Treatment of MAC 15j cells grown on a released collagen matrix with tetramethyl-urea (20mM) accelerated the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity at the apical surface as detected by microscopy.
 ...
PMID:Role of the extracellular matrix on the growth and differentiated phenotype of murine colonic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. 200 58

Sera from patients with St. Louis encephalitis were tested with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (MAC ELISA). The assay used five reagents: antihuman IgM, test serum, sucrose-acetone-extracted mouse brain antigen, broadly cross-reactive flavivirus monoclonal antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, and substrate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate). MAC ELISA endpoint titers correlated (r = 0.893) with the absorbance value of a 1:100 dilution of patient serum. Significant (fourfold or greater) changes in the endpoint titers between paired sera corresponded to a critical ratio (ratio of absorbance values at the 1:100 dilution) of greater than or equal to 1.3. IgM antibodies were detected in 71% of patients bled at 0 to 3 days after the onset of illness, in 99% bled at 4 to 21 days, and in 91% bled at 22 to 67 days. Thereafter, the IgM seropositivity rate declined; however, 29% of sera were still positive at 115 to 251 days after the onset of illness. MAC ELISA titers were significantly correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (r = 0.258) and neutralization (r = 0.711) titers. Because IgM antibodies appeared early and waned rapidly, a diagnosis was made on the basis of a decrease in titer more often by MAC ELISA than by hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, or neutralization tests. IgM antibodies generally showed a high degree of specificity; heterologous cross-reactions were, however, present in 4 of 14 sera examined. The MAC ELISA is useful for the rapid, early diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis.
 ...
PMID:Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis. 638 82

We retrospectively analysed 46 cases of disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) within a cohort of 702 HIV-infected patients in Edinburgh. Clinical features were compared with case-matched controls (AIDS cases without disseminated MAC), and survival and progression times were controlled for confounding variables that influence survival. Disseminated MAC was diagnosed antemortem in 18% of AIDS patients, and was the AIDS-defining diagnosis in 6% of all AIDS cases. Concomitant colonization of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was common (61% and 48%, respectively). In 58% of cases, CD4+ counts were < 10 cells/mm3 (median 6 cells/mm3). Weight loss, anaemia, leucopenia, and elevated liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly more common among cases than controls. Therapy was given in 74%, and not tolerated in 32%. Following AIDS diagnosis, disseminated MAC incidence was 14% at one year, 25% at 2 years and 36% at 3 years. Median survival after disseminated MAC diagnosis was 6 months, with shorter survival in untreated cases. However, overall survival from AIDS diagnosis was not significantly different between patients who did or did not develop disseminated MAC. Disseminated MAC contributes significantly to AIDS morbidity, and its incidence increases with prolonged AIDS survival. Although survival following diagnosis is short, the development of disseminated MAC in AIDS probably does not affect overall survival. In cohorts with a low incidence, an alternative to prophylaxis might be surveillance and early diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS. 758 75

Early chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and leukemoid reaction (LR) sometimes show similar histological pictures. In order to assess the efficacy of immunohistochemistry in the discrimination of the two forms, twenty bone marrow (BM) trephines of patient with CML and twenty with LR were immunostained and studied. A wide spectrum of antibodies effective on paraffin-embedded tissues (NP 57 anti-neutrophil elastase, Leu M1, MAC 387, KP1, Y2/51, LCA, UCHL1, L26, BerH2 and Glycophorin A) and directed against granulopoietic, erythropoietic, megakaryocytic, monocytic and lymphoid cells was tested by means of the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Expression of neutrophil elastase in CML and LR showed a different pattern of reactivity in normal and neoplastic granulocytic cells and Y2/51 put in evidence significant discrepancies of megakaryocytes in the two groups. Moreover, a greater number of histiocytic, lymphoid and erythropoietic cells were detected in LR after immunostaining with KP1, LCA, UCHL1, L26 and Glycophorin A. The different immunophenotypical pictures observed, suggest the value of immunohistochemistry as a supplementary diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis between early CML and LR.
 ...
PMID:[Immunophenotyping of early-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and leukemoid reaction]. 770 38


1 2 3 Next >>