Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026916 (MAC)
 5,226 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

His-bundle electrocardiography was used to evaluate the effect of halothane on AV nodal and His-Purkinje system conduction times in the spontaneously beating dog heart. During artrial pacing at basic heart rates of 120 or 200 beats per minute (bpm), an extrastimulus (cycle length longer or shorter than that of the basic rate) was delivered to test the effect of halothane on several parameters of AV nodal conductivity. Included were the functional refractory period, basal conduction time, and fatigue effect (prolongation of basal conduction time as heart rate was increased from 120 to 200 bpm). Increasing MAC level of halothane (1.25 to 2.75 MAC) prolonged both AV node and His-Purkinje conduction times, yet had little effect on the parameters of nodal conductivity tested for. These effects of halothane could be potentially dangerous in the clinical setting for patients with defective AV conduction. In addition, changes in conduction may be in part responsible for arrhythmias seen during halothane anesthesia.
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PMID:Halothane effects on conductivity of the AV node and His-Purkinje system in the dog. 55 37

We have studied the effect of halothane on diaphragmatic contractile function by measuring transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and electromyogram of the diaphragm (Edi) during various stimulation frequencies in 15 pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs undergoing mechanical ventilation. We have examined also the effect of halothane on the fatigued diaphragm by repeating the measurements 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min after 30 min of tetanic stimulation applied to the phrenic nerves. Administration of 1-2 MAC of halothane did not affect Pdi at any given stimulation frequency. Changes in the depth of halothane anaesthesia (0, 1 and 2 MAC) did not alter the force-frequency relationship of the diaphragm during recovery from fatigue. Edi was unaffected by halothane, except for a small decline during 100-Hz stimulation with 2 MAC. In contrast with the changes in Pdi, Edi during recovery from fatigue was the same as that determined before fatigue. It is concluded that halothane, in clinical concentrations, did not depress the contractile function of fresh or fatigued diaphragm in vivo.
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PMID:Halothane does not depress contractile function of fresh or fatigued diaphragm in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. 161 Jun 28

Thirty-eight healthy outpatients undergoing elective surgical procedures lasting 1-3 h were randomly assigned to receive either desflurane 3% (approximately 0.5 MAC) or isoflurane 0.6% (approximately 0.5 MAC) for maintenance of general anesthesia with nitrous oxide 60% in oxygen after a standardized induction sequence consisting of fentanyl 3 micrograms.kg-1, thiopental 4 mg.kg-1, and succinylcholine 1-1.5 mg.kg-1, intravenously. Although anesthetic conditions were similar during operations in the two treatment groups, significant differences were noted in the recovery profiles as measured by elimination kinetics, psychometric testing, and visual analog scales (to assess subjective feelings). The time required for the end-tidal concentration to decrease by 50% was 2.5 +/- 0.8 min for desflurane vs. 9.5 +/- 3.4 min for isoflurane (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]). Times to awakening and ability to follow simple commands were significantly shorter after desflurane than after isoflurane (5.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.2 +/- 7.7 min 6.5 +/- 2.3 min vs. 11.1 +/- 7.9 min, respectively). Postoperatively, patients who received desflurane exhibited less impairment of cognitive function (as measured using the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test) than did those who received isoflurane. Furthermore, visual analog scores indicated that patients receiving desflurane experienced significantly less discomfort (pain), drowsiness, fatigue, clumsiness, and confusion in the early postoperative period. We conclude that desflurane may offer clinical advantages over isoflurane when used for maintenance of anesthesia during outpatient surgical procedures.
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PMID:Recovery profile after desflurane-nitrous oxide versus isoflurane-nitrous oxide in outpatients. 200 Oct 18

The sense of smell has its meaning for a successful performance of certain occupations. It has further a protective meaning. The acuity of smell often changes for different reasons. The prolonged or repeated smelling is combined with the process of smell adaptation, fatigue and habituation. They diminish the flavour sensations and increase the risk of work accidents. Some chemical compounds are characterized by a quick and high adaptation. The occupational changes of smell can be peripheral or central. The qualitative changes of the smell perception are numerous, but they have little sense in industrial hygiene. The hypersensibilisation can be temporal or lasting, where a change of profession is sometimes inevitable. The values of smell thresholds (detection, recognition, distinction) of 25 substances are given. The sensitivity of smell is greater at the smell threshold concentrations. The smell thresholds are put among the main basic properties of chemical compounds which decide about the values of MAC and about the possibilities of their passing over. 68 substances ranged according to their basic characteristics in three groups were studied. There was statistical dependence between the molecular weight, the boiling point, smell thresholds of detection and recognition. In two groups of matters there was a dependence between the threshold of irritation and the smell threshold of recognition and distinction. The regression was linear with the majority of dependencies.
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PMID:The occupational meaning of smell. 398 90

The characteristic of stress factors at work and their effect upon humans is of great significance in labour optimization, detection of early changes in organism, assessment of the operative MAC and MAN, standardization and categorization of labour, etc. On the base of such studies (biochemical, physiological and psychophysiological) stress and fatigue in various occupations and working regimes are characterized. The results from the studies on stress reactions at work are presented in a summarized way, making use of complex methodical approach.
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PMID:[Stress reaction to work today]. 667 18

The number of AIDS patients over age 60 has risen steadily in the past decade. The number of transfusion-acquired AIDS cases probably has peaked--or will soon peak. Homosexual (or bisexual) behavior remains the predominant risk factor for AIDS until the seventh decade. Disease progression appears to be more rapid in the elderly, although the observed shorter survival time may result from a delay in diagnosis. Symptoms of HIV infection are often nonspecific, such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and decreased physical and cognitive function. The five most common opportunistic infections in older HIV-infected patients are Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, herpes zoster, and cytomegalovirus. A number of features of HIV-related dementia may help to distinguish it from Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:HIV infection in older patients: when to suspect the unexpected. 850 Jul 75

Our objective was to compare the effect of 2 regimens for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteraemia in an HIV-positive population on symptoms and health status outcomes using a substudy of an open-label randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted in 24 hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in 16 Canadian cities. Patients had HIV infection and MAC bacteraemia and were given either rifampin 600 mg, ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily, clofazimine 100 mg daily and ciprofloxacin 750 mg twice daily (4-drug arm) or rifabutin 600 mg daily (amended to 300 mg daily in mid-trial), ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and clarithromycin 1000 mg twice daily (3-drug arm). The primary health status outcome was the change on the 8-item symptom subscale of the Medical Outcome Study (MOS)-HIV Health Survey adapted for MAC. Changes on other MOS-HIV subscales and on the Karnofsky score were also evaluated. Patients on the 3-drug arm had better outcomes on the MOS-HIV symptom subscale at 16 weeks (P=0.06), with statistically significant differences restricted to night sweats and fever and chills (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients improving on the symptom subscale relative to baseline was 55% on the 3-drug arm and 40% on the 4-drug arm. Patients on the 3-drug arm also had better Karnofsky score at 16 weeks (P < 0.001) and better outcomes on the social function, mental health, energy/fatigue, health distress and cognitive function subscales of the MOS-HIV. The 3-drug arm is superior to the 4-drug arm in terms of impact on MAC-associated symptoms, functional status and other aspects of health status.
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PMID:Symptomatic and health status outcomes in the Canadian randomized MAC treatment trial (CTN010). Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. 1077 83

We reported on a 79-year-old woman with pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). She was admitted with fever, general fatigue, and cough. A chest X-ray film showed infiltrative shadows in the right lung field. In spite of administration of conventional antibiotics, the infiltrative shadows enlarged. A chest CT scan revealed areas of consolidation and ground glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination revealed an increased number of lymphocytes. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed many granulomatous regions with giant cells. Mycobacterium intracellulare was found in the culture of BAL fluid and identified by PCR. Treatment was started with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin. However, rifampicin and ethambutol were soon discontinued because of severe anorexia. Her symptoms and the radiographic appearance markedly improved following treatment of clarithromycin alone. Subsequently small doses of rifampicin and ethambutol were restarted because her general condition was much improved. These findings suggest that clarithromycin is an effective and tolerable agent for elderly patients with MAC.
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PMID:[A case of pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium avium complex successfully treated with clarithromycin]. 1110 48

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV. It causes fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea and abdominal pain, and the bacteria that causes it is found everywhere. Medicines can be given to strengthen the immune system and increase resistance to MAC. Patients need to consult with their doctors and follow their medical regimens to prevent MAC.
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PMID:Don't have a MAC attack. How to fight AIDS-related MAC. National Institutes of Health. 1136 37

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) is the third most common opportunistic infection in people with AIDS, infecting up to 50 percent of them. Symptoms include high fever, weight loss, fatigue, diarrhea, poor appetite, night sweats, and anemia. Diagnosis is by blood culture. Results of two recent studies are presented, as well as treatment guidelines issued by a national panel.
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PMID:Recent development in the treatment and prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). 1136 67


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