Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) is a ubiquitously expressed integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane. It interacts physically with lamins, torsinA, emerin and protein phosphatase 1; potentially providing a pivotal mechanism for transducing signals across the inner nuclear membrane. In neurons a functional protein complex is formed, comprising LAP1 and torsinA and in skeletal muscle LAP1 and emerin likewise form a protein complex. Several isoforms of LAP1 have been reported across species. However, in humans only two isoforms have been described, LAP1B and LAP1C. The latter has only recently been reported, but its physiological function and mode of action are not clear. The first TOR1AIP1 (gene encoding LAP1) mutation identified is a single nucleotide deletion resulting in a frameshift and a putative truncated LAP1B protein (Turkish mutation). This has deleterious effects associated with a specific form of muscular dystrophy. A second point mutation, affecting both human LAP1 isoforms, was also recently described. This mutation involves the replacement of a single glutamic acid to alanine at position 482 (Moroccan Mutation), thereby causing severe dystonia, cerebellar atrophy and cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the recently described human LAP1 isoform (LAP1C), the two recently reported LAP1 mutations and post-translational LAP1 modifications. The latter play an important role in regulating this protein. These scientific contributions strengthen the role of LAP1 in DYT1 dystonia and muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Genetic mutations strengthen functional association of LAP1 with DYT1 dystonia and muscular dystrophy. 2659 47

TorsinA-interacting protein 1 (TOR1AIP1) gene is a novel gene that has recently been described to cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) with mild dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a family with mutations in TOR1AIP1 where the striking clinical feature is severe cardiac failure requiring cardiac transplant in two siblings, in addition to musculoskeletal weakness and muscular dystrophy. We demonstrate an absence of TOR1AIP1 protein expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles of affected siblings. We expand the phenotype of this gene to demonstrate the cardiac involvement and the importance of cardiac surveillance in patients with mutations in TOR1AIP1.
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PMID:TOR1AIP1 as a cause of cardiac failure and recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 2734 37

Nuclear envelopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins. Mutations affecting lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) result in two discrete phenotypes of muscular dystrophy and progressive dystonia with cerebellar atrophy. We report 7 patients presenting at birth with severe progressive neurological impairment, bilateral cataract, growth retardation and early lethality. All the patients are homozygous for a nonsense mutation in the TOR1AIP1 gene resulting in the loss of both protein isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibit changes in nuclear envelope morphology and large nuclear-spanning channels containing trapped cytoplasmic organelles. Decreased and inefficient cellular motility is also observed in these fibroblasts. Our study describes the complete absence of both major human LAP1 isoforms, underscoring their crucial role in early development and organogenesis. LAP1-associated defects may thus comprise a broad clinical spectrum depending on the availability of both isoforms in the nuclear envelope throughout life.
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PMID:Combined loss of LAP1B and LAP1C results in an early onset multisystemic nuclear envelopathy. 3072 99