Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) is an autosomal, dominant inherited, neuromuscular disorder. The DM1 mutation consists in the expansion of an unstable CTG-repeat in the 3'-untranslated region of a gene encoding DMPK (myotonic dystrophy protein kinase). Clinical expression of DM1 is variable, presenting a progressive muscular dystrophy that affects distal muscles more than proximal and is associated with the inability to relax muscles appropriately (myotonia), cataracts, cardiac arrhythmia, testicular atrophy and insulin resistance. DMPK is a Ser/Thr protein kinase homologous to the p21-activated kinases MRCK and ROCK/rho-kinase/ROK. The most abundant isoform of DMPK is an 80 kDa protein mainly expressed in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles. Decreased DMPK protein levels may contribute to the pathology of DM1, as revealed by gene target studies. Here we review current understanding of the structural, functional and pathophysiological characteristics of DMPK.
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PMID:Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) and its role in the pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy 1. 1858 94

The Ser/Thr protein kinase ULK1 is an upstream macroautophagy/autophagy regulator that is rapidly activated to ensure a proper adaptive response to stress conditions. Signaling pathways modulating ULK1 activity have been extensively characterized in response to nutrient/energy shortage, which mainly act by mediating ULK1 post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Less characterized is how tissue-specific stress signals are able to activate ULK1 to induce autophagy. Our recent study has uncovered the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 as a novel ULK1 activator that regulates autophagy in muscle cells upon atrophy induction. TRIM32 is conveyed to ULK1 by the autophagy cofactor AMBRA1 to stimulate its kinase activity through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Notably, mutations in TRIM32 responsible for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2H disrupt its ability to bind ULK1 and to induce autophagy in muscle cells, resulting in a dysregulated activation of the atrophic process. In conclusion, we have identified a novel molecular mechanism by which autophagy is regulated in muscles, whose alteration is associated with the development of muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:A TRIM32-AMBRA1-ULK1 complex initiates the autophagy response in atrophic muscle cells. 3112 3