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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dynamics of selenium in the blood serum of 20 lambs of the Merino breed, traditionally reared, was followed from birth to weaning at the age of 110 days. Results of the observations revealed that the highest concentration of serum selenium was determined in lambs just after delivery (0.25 ppm) and the level was maintained throughout the period of colostral nutrition. In the period between the 15th and 60th day low selenium values (0.06-0.13 ppm) were recorded, which implies a critical period in relation to the origin of muscular dystrophy. At the end of the observations there appeared a significant selenium content increase in the blood serum of lambs.
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PMID:[Selenium dynamics in the blood of lambs from birth to weaning using traditional rearing technics]. 10 9

Sixteen pregnant Shorthorn cows were winter-fed either oat or barley silage, both of which were low in selenium (less than .1 ppm). Two months before calving, as well as at calving and a month later, four cows on each diet were given intramuscularly a preparation containing 1360 IU of vitamin E and 30 mg selenium as sodium selenite. Barley silage lipids contained higher linoleic (33.2 versus 22.3%) and palmitic acids (32.3 versus 23.1%), and lower oleic (6.3 versus 22.1%) and linolenic acids (20.9 versus 30.9%) than oat silage. Three calves born from the untreated dams on barley silage died from nutritional muscular dystrophy by 50 days of age whereas none of the calves either from the untreated cows on oat silage or from any of the selenium/vitamin E treated cows. Milk from untreated cows fed barley silage contained a higher proportion of linoleic acid than that from treated cows or from those on oat silage. The incidence of nutritional muscular dystrophy was associated closely with ingestion by the calves of an increased amount of dietary dienoic acid. It appears an advantage to include oat silage in winter feeding programs for beef cows to reduce the risk of development of nutritional muscular dystrophy in the offspring.
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PMID:Influences of barley and oat silages for beef cows on occurrence of myopathy in their calves. 59 3

The activity of glutathione peroxidase, a selenium containing enzyme, was measured in the blood of horses to determine its usefulness as an indicator of selenium status. In 15 horses the enzyme activity was positively related to the blood selenium concentration (P less than .001, r-0.98) over the range of enzyme activities of 8.2 to 140 units (mumoles NADP-oxidised/min/gHb) and selenium concentrations of 0.24 to 2.74 mumol/l. In a group of 8 horses which 2 foals had died with lesions of muscular dystrophy the enzyme activity increased from a mean of 11.8 units before treatment with selenium to 34.5 units after 2 intravenous injections of sodium selenite given one month apart. Another group of 8 horses grazing paddocks adjacent to this affected group did not receive any selenium treatment and had a mean enzyme activity of 11.9 units. Blood glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in 50 pasture-fed horses and 180 stall-fed horses. The range of activities found (7 to 158 units) indicated that selenium intake in horses varied widely between localities. All pasture-fed horses grazing areas where muscular dystrophy had occurred in foals had low activities (less than 20 units). In stall-fed horses the enzyme activity was influenced by selenium treatment, and horses which had been treated usually had higher activities than horses in the same stable with no history of selenium treatment. It was concluded that blood glutathione peroxidase is a suitable indicator of selenium status in horses.
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PMID:Blood glutathione peroxidase activity in horses in relation to muscular dystrophy and selenium nutrition. 65 82

1. For methods of vitamin E and selenium supplementation were evaluated using thirty-nine pregnant ewe-lambs fed on a ration containing 0.043 mg Se/kg and 25 mg vitamin E/kg. Treatments were control, fortified mineral mix (ESe salt) (300 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se), ruminal Se pellets (505 mg Se), drench (300 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se) and intramuscular injection (600 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se). Only ewes supplemented, commencing approximately 50 d before parturition. 2. Birth weights were similar for all treatments and live-weight gains of lambs to 56 d of age were improved in all supplemented groups (P less than 0.05). There were no clinical cases of nutritional muscular dystrophy. 3. Se concentrations in whole blood were more than doubled in both lambs and ewes drenched or injected; responses to ESe salt and pellets were much smaller. 4. Plasma tocopherol levels were increased in injected dams and their lambs (P less than 0.001). 5. Haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in control ewes and lambs than in treated lambs. 6. Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activities were increased in lambs from control, ESe salt and pellet groups (P less than 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity responded to Se supplementation in both ewes and their lambs (P less than 0.001) and the response was highest in the injected group, followed in order, by the drench, pellet, Ese salt and control groups. 7. These studies indicated that in terms of the haematological and blood chemistry changes investigated, the intramuscular injection was most effective, followed by the oral drench. Ruminal pellets and fortified salt were less satisfactory.
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PMID:Haematological and blood chemistry changes in ewes and lambs following supplementation with vitamin E and selenium. 69 59

Pigs which were deficient in vitamin E and/or selenium had the following parameters weekly determined from six to 13 weeks of age: Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red cell and white cell counts, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity, myeloid: erythroid ratio, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and creatine phosphokinase activities and body weight. Except for the myeloid:erythroid ratio and serum creatine phosphokinase activity, these parameters were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency of both. The myeloid:erythroid ratio was increased (p less than 0.01) in association with selenium deficiency, which tends to indicate decreased erythropoiesis but was not reflected in the peripheral red cell picture. Evidence of dyserythropoiesis was not found to be a significant feature in serial bone marrow aspiration biopsies of vitamin E and/or selenium deficient pigs. Even if the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency in both as compared to replete animals, a few animals, especially in the group deficient in both vitamin E and selenium, presented quite marked transient increases of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity which was interpreted to reflect the occurrence of acute episodes of hepatosis dietetica. Serum creatine phosphokinase activities were found to be increased in association with vitamin E deficiency (p less than 0.01), selenium deficiency (less than 0.05) and the interaction was also significant (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the serum creatine phosphokinase activity increases reflect the occurrence of subclinical muscular dystrophy and that vitamin E and selenium deficiencies have marked additive effects in the induction of skeletal muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. I. Hematological and biochemical changes. 83 88

The effect of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on lambs maintained on a ration containing a low level of selenium and on animals receiving vitamin E and Se supplementation was investigated. The pathological changes seen in control animals slaughtered at the start of the experiment and in the animals which died during the course of the investigation revealed a high level of nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) in the lambs. There were no marked haematological changes in the control or infested sheep. Infestation was characterized by slight hypoalbuminaemia and gamma-globulinaemia. Serum levels of the enzymes AAT and CPK, which are important indicators of muscle necrosis and NMD, were greatly increased in sheep infested with T. colubriformis and not receiving supplementary Vit. E + Se. Data from this study therefore indicates that trichostrongylosis may aggravate the degree of muscle necrosis in lambs prone to the development of NMD.
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PMID:Haematological changes caused by Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs fed a dystrophogenic diet. 91 93

Either simultaneous or separate dietary deficiencies of vitamin E and selenium in Atlantic salmon during first 4 weeks of feeding caused twice the mortality shown in fish fed both supplemental vitamin E (0.5 IU/g dry diet) and selenium (0.1 mug/g). Subsequent dietary repletion with both vitamin E and selenium significantly reduced mortality during the following 2 weeks. Larger salmon (0.9 g initial mean weight), with vitamin E deficiency with or without selenium resulted in the following deficiency signs: extreme anemia, pale gills, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, elevated plasma protein, exudative diathesis, dermal depigmentation, in vitro ascorbic acid-stimulated peroxidation in hepatic microsomes, yellow-orange liver color, yellow-brown intestinal contents, enlarged gall bladder distended with dark green bile, low vitamin E in carcass and hepatic tissue, muscular dystrophy, increased carcass fat and water, and a response to handling characterized by a transitory fainting with interruption in swimming. A deficiency of dietary selenium suppressed plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Supplemental selenium with vitamin E significantly increased tocopherol activity in hepatic, but not carcass tissues. Supplements of both vitamin E and selenium were necessary to prevent muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): gross, histological and biochemical deficiency signs. 93 27

Two groups of sheep fed a diet of hay known to produce nutritional muscular dystrophy, one group of which received selenium supplementation, were used to study the effects of selenium on the metabolism of administered L-(35S) methionine by rumen microflora. Rumen bacterial proteins of the Se supplemented sheep contained significantly higher levels of radiosulfur than the bacterial protein of the non-supplemented sheep. Of hte L-(35S) methionine present in the rumen liquor samples from Se-supplemented sheep 2 h after administration, 13.3% of the amino acid, which was measured as methionine sulfone, was found in the microbial proteins. A large proportion of the administered labeled methionine was resynthesized as cyst(e)ine which may account in part for that determined as cysteic acid in rumen bacterial and plasma proteins. The observed low levels of radiosulfur found in rumen microflora from selenium deficient wethers, indicates that the presence of selenium profoundly affects the rate of methionine metabolism and the distribution of methionine in rumen bacterial and protozoal proteins. In another experiment, the effect of selenium on the metabolism of L-(Me-3H) methionine was studied. The selenium status of the sheep had no significant effect (P greater than 0.05) on the distribution of 35S radioactivity in the blood plasma and tissues.
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PMID:The effects of selenium on the metabolism of methionine in sheep. 95 63

There has been accumulation of the nutritional muscular dystrophy of the cattle in a certain western district of Finland where the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is also highest. This animal disease is due to lack of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. The Se content of whole blood was low (52.6 +/- 11.3 ng/ml) in MS patients from this high-risk area compared to the controls (68.8 +/- 11.0). The data for serum failed to confirm this tendency. All Se values appeared to be lower than international values suggested. The values for both vitamin E and copper were within the international normal range.
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PMID:Selenium, vitamin E and copper in multiple sclerosis. 96 80

Two experiments to study nutritional muscular dystrophy (N.M.D.) in calves were conducted in northern Ontario, where the disease is prevalent. In the first experiment, ninety Shorthorn cows were used. They were divided into three groups and fed the following forages during the winter of 1972-1973. Group I - Silage. Group II. - Heated-air-dried hay. Group III. - Field-dried hay. Chemical analysis of the forage during storage showed that the silage had a higher tocopherol content than the other two forages. This higher content had a direct effect on plasma tocopherol concentrations in the cows, since tocopherol levels were found to be higher in the group fed silage than in the other two groups. The highest mortality rate-eight dead calves-was in the group fed heated-air-dried hay; one calf died in each of the other two groups. Hence, it is evident that the severity of N.M.D. symptoms in calves is directly linked with the quantity of selenium or vitamin E ingested. The substances act synergistically to protect against the disease. In a second experiment, a herd of forty-seven Shorthorn cows, some of which had calves with N.N.D. and some of which had healthy offspring, were studied to measure the activity of serum creatine phosphokinase. The dams were found to have the same C.P.K., whether or not their calves suffered from N.M.D.
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PMID:[Vitamin E activity of stored forages and incidence of myopathy in calves]. 103 40


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