UMLS:C0026850 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Procedures are given for the syntheses of alpha,omega-dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates as inhibitors of adenylate kinases. The following order for the ability of inhibiting pig muscle adenylate kinase was observed: Ap5A greater than 1:N6-etheno-Ap5A greater than Ap6A greater than Gp5A greater than Ap4A greater than Up5A. The synthesis of adenosine tetraphosphate, the starting material for Ap5A, is also described. 2. One molecule of pig muscle adenylate kinase binds one molecule of Ap5A. The difference spectrum of Ap5A-adenylate kinase with its maximum of 5050 M-1 - cm-1 at 271 nm, as well as the fluorescence properties of 1:N6-etheno-Ap5A can be used for kinetic and binding studies. 3. The specific binding of the negatively charged Ap5A was exploited in the preparation of human muscle adenylate kinase. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with an overall yield of 65%, the absolute value being 70 mg per kg of muscle. 4. The effect of Ap5A on adenylate kinase in extracts of various cells and cell organelles was tested. A ratio of 1:50 (mol/mol) for Ap5A to other nucleotides was used for suppressing the adenylate kinase activity in extracts of mammalian and insect skeletal muscel, of human erythrocytes and of Staphylococcus aureus. A ratio of 1:5 was found to be necessary for the adenylate kinase from tobacco leaves and spinach chloroplasts, and a ratio of 2:1 was needed for suppressing the adenylate kinase from bovine liver mitochondria, human kidney homogenate and from Escherichia coli. Ap5A appears not to be metabolized in any of the above extracts. These results indicate that Ap5A can be used for evaluating the contribution of adenylate kinase to the production of ATP fro ADP in energy-transducing systems. 5. Contaminating adenylate kinase can be inhibited by a concentration of Ap5A which does not interfere in the study of many (phospho)kinases and ATPases. The applications of Ap5A in the assay for nucleoside diphosphokinase and in the study of mechanical and biochemical properties of contractile proteins are representative examples. The use of Ap5A makes it possible to study the effect of ADP per se in such systems. 6. Sepharose-bound Ap5A was used for removing traces of adenylate kinase from samples of myosin and creatine kinase. 7. In the presence of Ap5A the activity of creatine kinase was measured in hemolytic serum of venous blood, in plasma of capillary blood and in samples of whole blood after complete hemolysis had been induced. The clinical significance of these findings are shown for cases of myocardial infarction and muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Synthetic inhibitors of adenylate kinases in the assays for ATPases and phosphokinases. 17 Jan 10

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by a pronounced and progressive degradation of the structure of skeletal muscles, which decreases their strength and lowers endurance of the organism. At muscular dystrophy, mitochondria are known to undergo significant functional changes, which is manifested in a decreased efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and impaired energy metabolism of the cell. It is believed that the DMD-induced functional changes of mitochondria are mainly associated with the dysregulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis. This work examines the kinetic parameters of Ca²⁺ transport and the opening of the Ca²⁺-dependent MPT pore in the skeletal-muscle mitochondria of the dystrophin-deficient C57BL/10ScSn-mdx mice. As compared to the organelles of wild-type animals, skeletal-muscle mitochondria of mdx mice have been found to be much less efficient in respect to Ca²⁺ uniport, with the kinetics of Na⁺-dependent Ca²⁺ efflux not changing. The data obtained indicate that the decreased rate of Ca²⁺ uniport in the mitochondria of mdx mice may be associated with the increased level of the dominant negative subunit of Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCUb). The experiments have also shown that in mdx mice, skeletal-muscle mitochondria have low resistance to the induction of MPT, which may be related to a significantly increased expression of adenylate translocator (ANT2), a possible structural element of the MPT pore. The paper discusses how changes in the expression of calcium uniporter and putative components of the MPT pore caused by the development of DMD can affect Ca²⁺ homeostasis of skeletal-muscle mitochondria.
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PMID:Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with the inhibition of calcium uniport in mitochondria and an increased sensitivity of the organelles to the calcium-induced permeability transition. 3192 63