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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of selenium and vitamin E were prospectively studied in children with Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy of variable age and muscular status. In contrast with previous studies, we found no differences with controls. However, we believe that selenium and vitamin E, two natural antioxydants, may contribute to the pathophysiology of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. A study of the effects of supplementation is on-going.
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PMID:[Selenium and vitamin E in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy]. 240 Jan 91

Oxidative damage has been hypothesized as the basis for some of the changes in enzymatic functions and physical properties of membranes in inherited muscular dystrophy. The contents of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (vitamin E) and their oxidation products, the tocopheryl quinones, were measured at 1 to 4 weeks after hatching in the muscle and other tissues of chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy. Analyses at these early ages minimized the potential influence of pathological changes on the measured parameters. The affected muscle (pectoralis major) of dystrophic birds contained significantly higher levels of alpha-tocopheryl quinone and a decreased ratio of alpha- to gamma-tocopherol. Consistent changes in these parameters were not observed in other tissues. Although their basis remains unclear, these changes in the tocopherols are suggestive of oxidative stress in dystrophic muscle membranes. Lipid extracts of tissues of normal and dystrophic birds exhibited no significant differences in the content of conjugated dienes or lipofuscins, two other indices of oxidative stress. These data do not consistently support the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a causal role in damage to dystrophic muscle, although it remains possible that free-radical damage is involved in the secondary alterations associated with muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Altered contents of tocopherols in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy. 274 2

Clinical and biochemical responses were studied after taking the measures to prevent nutrition muscular dystrophy in young cattle in the given ecological conditions. Analyzing the biological material (blood, hair, feed, soil), we found the sufficiently high saturation of heifer organisms with the microelement selenium and on the contrary, vitamin E deficiency. Sensitive indicators of the break-down of muscular tissue were the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and mainly creatinine kinase (CPK): the activities of these enzymes increased significantly after the heifers had been driven to pasture. The stay of animals in the run to get them used to the physical load before going to the pasture was not found to be a sufficient measure to prevent muscular nutrition myodystrophy if the animals had not been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements. Of the one hundred heifers we examined, seven animals began to show the signs of nutrition muscular dystrophy; none of these animals had been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements.
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PMID:[Clinical and biochemical response in the prevention of nutritional myodystrophy in heifers]. 310 11

The administration of selenium and vitamin E was tried in a group of 20 boys with muscular dystrophy. Muscular strength was measured at intervals of 6 months. The boys were treated for 1 year (selenium 6 micrograms/kg for 6 months and 20 micrograms/kg for 6 months), followed by 1 year of no treatment. The whole series was completed in 16 boys, nine of whom had classical Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the rest who had more benign variants. No boy showed any side effects. The decrease of muscle strength was slightly more rapid during the second year (no treatment) than during the first year (with treatment) of the trial. The difference was, however, slight and could conceivably be explained by the increase of age. No boy showed any practically usable increase of muscle strength during the year of treatment. The minimal muscle strength required for walking is presented.
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PMID:A trial of selenium and vitamin E in boys with muscular dystrophy. 329 99

Eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia, in addition to muscular dystrophy and occasionally liver necrosis, were experimentally induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet (basal diet) for 9 weeks. Cecum and ileum were affected more frequently and severely than other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophils were multifocally or diffusely distributed in the intestinal wall but were most severe in the muscular layer and in the submucosa. Eosinophils were also present in stomach, liver with massive hepatocellular necrosis, and skeletal muscle with marked myonecrosis. Eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia were not observed in rats fed the basal diet supplemented with either vitamin E (100 or 200 ppm) or selenium (0.1 or 1.0 ppm). Eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilia, and muscular dystrophy regressed when vitamin E- and selenium-deficient rats were subsequently fed either the vitamin E- or selenium-supplemented diet for 4-5 weeks. These findings suggest that vitamin E and selenium deficiency may play a role in the development of a diffuse type of eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia.
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PMID:Induction of eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia in rats by vitamin E and selenium deficiency. 335 Jan 41

Despite years of intensive work, the biochemical defect responsible for the pathogenesis of inherited muscular dystrophy has not been identified either in humans or animal models. This review examines evidence in support of the hypothesis that free radicals may be responsible for muscle degeneration in this disorder. A variety of cellular abnormalities noted in dystrophic muscles can be accounted for by free radical mediated damage. In addition, chemical by-products associated with free radical damage are found in dystrophic muscle tissue from humans and animals with this disease. Various enzymatic antioxidant systems can be enhanced as a normal cellular response to oxidative stress, and such changes are seen both in dystrophic muscle cells and certain other tissues of dystrophic animals. An increased level of free radical damage would follow from either: enhanced production of free radical species, or a deficient component of the cellular antioxidant system, such as vitamin E. The free radical hypothesis of muscular dystrophy can account for data supporting several alternative theories of the pathogenesis of this disease, as well as other observations which have not previously been explained.
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PMID:Free radicals: a potential pathogenic mechanism in inherited muscular dystrophy. 354 May 2

Studies of the basic biochemical mechanisms underlying muscle damage aimed at finding agents which might reduce the amount of damage occurring in muscular dystrophy and other severe myopathies have been performed. These have suggested three types of agent which might be useful for this purpose, namely calcium antagonists, phospholipase inhibitors, and antioxidants or scavengers of reactive-free radicals. Vitamin E falls into the latter of these three categories and has been shown to reduce the amount of damage which occurs in isolated skeletal muscles following a given stress. It is suggested that, in the absence of calcium antagonists having relatively specific and effective actions on skeletal muscle or suitable inhibitors of muscle phospholipases in man, therapy with vitamin E or other antioxidants may reduce the amount of muscle damage occurring in patients with severe myopathies.
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PMID:Vitamin E and muscle diseases. 393 Aug 47

Vitamin E-deficient rabbits with signs of muscular dystrophy showed accumulation of cholesterol in muscle as well as elevation of plasma cholesterol. The increase in plasma cholesterol was detected in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) but not in high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions of plasma lipoproteins. In liver, the activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the key enzyme involved in degradation of cholesterol, was approximately one-fifth that of control rabbits. Cytochrome P-450 level of liver microsomes was also reduced significantly. These results suggested that accumulation of cholesterol observed in dystrophic muscle of vitamin E-deficient rabbits may be due to an increase in LDL and VLDL cholesterol, the plasma lipoproteins carrying cholesterol to peripheral tissue, and to a decrease in cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, whose activity may have been affected by the reduced level of cytochrome P-450.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin E deficiency on the distribution of cholesterol in plasma lipoproteins and the activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in rabbit liver. 398 Dec 65

Twenty-eight Holstein heifer calves were allotted at birth to one of four treatments: 1) 0 mg, 2) 1,400 mg, or 3) 2,800 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate given orally at weekly intervals, or 4) 1,400 IU of dl-alpha-tocopherol weekly by intramuscular injection in order for us to study their performance and metabolic profile. Calves were fed milk at 8% of birth weight until they were weaned at 6 wk of age and fed a complete calf starter ad libitum from birth. Calves were on experiment for 12 wk. There were no significant differences in weekly weight gains, starter consumption, and fecal scores among treatments. However, there was a trend toward greater starter consumption and weight gains in supplemental calves. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration measured after 7 d of each administration was significantly higher at wk 4 in calves given the high oral supplementation and at wk 2, 4, 6, and 8 higher in injected calves than in unsupplemented calves. Creatine kinase activity was higher in unsupplemented calves and negatively correlated with serum alpha-tocopherol until wk 8, suggesting preclinical muscular dystrophy. Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher with the high oral supplementation. Serum carbon dioxide values showed a trend toward positive correlation with those for serum tocopherol; however, the values were within normal range. There were no significant differences in creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, urea nitrogen, chloride, sodium, potassium, albumin, and total protein among treatments. Serum glucose was higher in all calves at wk 10 and 12 than at wk 4, 6, and 8. Calves may not get enough vitamin E with conventional calf starters, and supplementation may be essential to obtain maximum performance.
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PMID:Effects of supplemental vitamin E on the performance and metabolic profiles of dairy calves. 406 45

Forty-eight weanling S.P.F. Yorshire pigs were used to study the influence of supplemental vitamin E (25 IU per kg of diet) selenium (0.5 ppm in diet) and methionine (0.1% in diet) on the incidence of hepatosis dietetica and mulberry heart disease when fed a torula yeast-corn diet. Vitamin E and/or selenium increased pig survival. Supplemental selenium resulted in increased liver selenium concentrations. No hepatosis dietetica was observed in any of the pigs. The addition of vitamin E and/or selenium at the levels used did not reduce the frequency of myocardial lesions; however, they prevented skeletal muscular dystrophy and exudative diathesis. The myocardial lesions were less severe in supplemented pigs compared with unsupplemented controls.
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PMID:Vitamin E, selenium and methionine supplementation of dystrophogenic diets for pigs. 426 22


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