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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutritional muscular dystrophy in the chick results from the simultaneous deficiency of vitamin E and cystine. Being a biological antioxidant, vitamin E might be functional in maintaining a proper redox state of the sulfur-containing amino acid in the proteins. The analyses of protein-bound sulfhydryls and disulfides at onset of muscular dystrophy in young chicks were carried out. The ratio of disulfide to sulfhydryls increased two- to three-fold in dystrophic muscle as compared to that in the control muscle proteins. Dystrophic and normal muscle proteins also were subjected to SDS-gel electrophoresis. Proteins of low molecular weight, supposedly derived from proteolysis, were present in the gels of the dystrophic muscle and absent in those of normal muscle extracts. As a result of these studies, a chemical model has been proposed to explain the oxidative deterioration of proteins in nutritional muscular dystrophy due to vitamin E deficiency.
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PMID:Oxidative deterioration of the muscle proteins during nutritional muscular dystrophy in chicks. 90 23

The effect of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on lambs maintained on a ration containing a low level of selenium and on animals receiving vitamin E and Se supplementation was investigated. The pathological changes seen in control animals slaughtered at the start of the experiment and in the animals which died during the course of the investigation revealed a high level of nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) in the lambs. There were no marked haematological changes in the control or infested sheep. Infestation was characterized by slight hypoalbuminaemia and gamma-globulinaemia. Serum levels of the enzymes AAT and CPK, which are important indicators of muscle necrosis and NMD, were greatly increased in sheep infested with T. colubriformis and not receiving supplementary Vit. E + Se. Data from this study therefore indicates that trichostrongylosis may aggravate the degree of muscle necrosis in lambs prone to the development of NMD.
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PMID:Haematological changes caused by Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs fed a dystrophogenic diet. 91 93

Either simultaneous or separate dietary deficiencies of vitamin E and selenium in Atlantic salmon during first 4 weeks of feeding caused twice the mortality shown in fish fed both supplemental vitamin E (0.5 IU/g dry diet) and selenium (0.1 mug/g). Subsequent dietary repletion with both vitamin E and selenium significantly reduced mortality during the following 2 weeks. Larger salmon (0.9 g initial mean weight), with vitamin E deficiency with or without selenium resulted in the following deficiency signs: extreme anemia, pale gills, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, elevated plasma protein, exudative diathesis, dermal depigmentation, in vitro ascorbic acid-stimulated peroxidation in hepatic microsomes, yellow-orange liver color, yellow-brown intestinal contents, enlarged gall bladder distended with dark green bile, low vitamin E in carcass and hepatic tissue, muscular dystrophy, increased carcass fat and water, and a response to handling characterized by a transitory fainting with interruption in swimming. A deficiency of dietary selenium suppressed plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. Supplemental selenium with vitamin E significantly increased tocopherol activity in hepatic, but not carcass tissues. Supplements of both vitamin E and selenium were necessary to prevent muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): gross, histological and biochemical deficiency signs. 93 27

There has been accumulation of the nutritional muscular dystrophy of the cattle in a certain western district of Finland where the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is also highest. This animal disease is due to lack of selenium (Se) and vitamin E. The Se content of whole blood was low (52.6 +/- 11.3 ng/ml) in MS patients from this high-risk area compared to the controls (68.8 +/- 11.0). The data for serum failed to confirm this tendency. All Se values appeared to be lower than international values suggested. The values for both vitamin E and copper were within the international normal range.
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PMID:Selenium, vitamin E and copper in multiple sclerosis. 96 80

Two experiments to study nutritional muscular dystrophy (N.M.D.) in calves were conducted in northern Ontario, where the disease is prevalent. In the first experiment, ninety Shorthorn cows were used. They were divided into three groups and fed the following forages during the winter of 1972-1973. Group I - Silage. Group II. - Heated-air-dried hay. Group III. - Field-dried hay. Chemical analysis of the forage during storage showed that the silage had a higher tocopherol content than the other two forages. This higher content had a direct effect on plasma tocopherol concentrations in the cows, since tocopherol levels were found to be higher in the group fed silage than in the other two groups. The highest mortality rate-eight dead calves-was in the group fed heated-air-dried hay; one calf died in each of the other two groups. Hence, it is evident that the severity of N.M.D. symptoms in calves is directly linked with the quantity of selenium or vitamin E ingested. The substances act synergistically to protect against the disease. In a second experiment, a herd of forty-seven Shorthorn cows, some of which had calves with N.N.D. and some of which had healthy offspring, were studied to measure the activity of serum creatine phosphokinase. The dams were found to have the same C.P.K., whether or not their calves suffered from N.M.D.
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PMID:[Vitamin E activity of stored forages and incidence of myopathy in calves]. 103 40

The early interest in selenium related primarily to its toxicity, but since 1957 the element has been recognized as a dietary essential. The dietary requirement for selenium by most species is about .1 ppm. Deficiencies of selenium in cattle and sheep have been confirmed under natural grazing conditions in many countries of the world. Overt signs of inadequacy such as white muscle disease (nutritional muscular dystrophy) occur primarily in young calves or lambs born to selenium deficient dams. Infertility has increased in ewes grazing pastures low in selenium. In general, signs of deficiency have not occurred in older animals such as finishing beef cattle and lactating dairy cows. Subclinical deficiencies of selenium are not determined easily, however, and thus an inadequacy of the element may be limiting maximum animal performance under certain circumstances of drylot feeding. The current nutritional status of ruminant animals in many geographical areas and involving various feeding programs with this element has not been established. The recent widespread deficiency problems with nonruminants suggest that such an assessment should be made. Concentration of selenium in tissue, particularly in the liver, has been used in establishing selenium status of the animal. With lambs glutathione peroxidase activity in certain tissues may be a more accurate indicator of selenium adequacy than is selenium content of the tissue. Supplemental sodium selenite and sodium selenate by either oral administration or parenteral injection have prevented clinical signs of selenium deficiency and animal losses in both ruminant and nonruminant animals. Heavy pellets containing elemental selenium for placement in the rumen have proved effective. In general, organic forms of selenium are absorbed more readily by animals than are inorganic compounds. The dietary requirements for selenium and its metabolism are influenced by many nutrient interrelationships, including its interactions with sulfur, lipids, vitamin E, proteins, amino acids, and several microelements. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval in 1974 for the oral administration of supplemental selenium as either sodium selenite or sodium selenate to certain classes of swine and poultry. Similar approval in the United States for ruminants will require additional information, particularly with regard to the influence of dietary intake on concentrations of selenium in tissue and milk in beef and dairy animals.
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PMID:Selenium in ruminant nutrition: a review. 110 75

Selenium is a vestigial element indispensable for man and animal, having adverse effects when in bigger quantities. Among the diseases resulting from selenium deficiency in animals the most important are nutritional muscular dystrophy, exudative disthesis (most common in poultry), and nutritional hepatic dystrophy. In the man chronic intoxication occurs most of all, which is observed in selenium bearing regions. Taking into consideration geographic distribution on some of the diseases beneficial influence of selenium is observed in cardiac and vascular diseases, and hypertension. The correlation between selenium deficiency and mortality caused by neoplasm is also notable. It is unquestionable that selenium inhibits the activity of enzymes, especially those containing sulfohydryl groups. The stabilization of lysosomal membranes leads to the presumption that selenium prevents peroxidation processes in tissues and cell membranes. The influence of selenium on reproduction is also worth noticing. Its supply turns out to be effective in cases of infertility of sheep, and partly in rats, pigs, and poultry. The embryo dies in pigs fed on fodder poor in selenium and vitamin E. The degeneration of the ovaries and placenta accretion occur in cows in cases of selenium deficiency. The excess of selenium can affect negatively the reproductive system. The element is thought to be a teratogenic agent. Since it permeates through the placenta and lactic gland easily, the symptoms of selenosis appear in new-born animals; many of them have developmental anomalies occurring at the same time. In birds the decrease in laying eggs and their incubation occur in case of selenium deficiency.
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PMID:The influence of selenium on the reproduction of rats. 136 82

A 33-day feeding experiment was conducted with 3-day-old broiler chicks to assess the efficacy of various flavonoid and simple phenolic antioxidants in preventing nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) resulting from vitamin E deficiency. None of the flavonoids or simple phenolics at a dietary concentration of 1,000 ppm completely prevented NMD but quercetin reduced (P less than .05) its incidence and quercetin, morin, and ferulic acid reduced (P less than .05) the severity of the disorder. The low-selenium, low-vitamin E diet also promoted the development of a mild exudative diathesis (ED) in many of the birds, which was inhibited (P less than .05) by the rutin and silymarin treatments, but exacerbated (P less than .05) by quercetin, morin, and ferulic acid. Changes in concentrations of vitamin E in plasma, liver, or muscle, caused by the various treatments (other than vitamin E), were not related to protection against NMD or ED.
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PMID:Research note: efficacy of various flavonoids and simple phenolics in prevention of nutritional myopathy in the chick. 140 42

Selenium deficiency is responsible for Zenker type muscle degeneration in calves, lambs, and foals in the prenatal and postnatal stages of development. Investigations have shown that the selenium GSH Px, and vitamin E content of the maternal and fetal parts of the placenta in cattle are different. Similarly, low concentrations of selenium are present in milk from cows and sheep. In addition to an inadequate supply of selenium and vitamin E as a contributory cause of fetal nutritive muscular dystrophy (FNMD), it is assumed that a placental transport block and/or impaired selenium metabolism in the placenta are also responsible. Postnatal nutritive muscular dystrophy, however, is attributed to either acute selenium and vitamin E deficiency in basic feed or impaired plant absorption of selenium as a result of antagonistic elements, such as sulphur.
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PMID:The importance of selenium in the prenatal and postnatal development of calves and lambs. 170 68

A time lag factor of about five days has been identified in an increased incidence of SIDS in relation to a cold day. Sudden exposure to chilling appeared to trigger skeletal muscle weakness and renal failure about five days later in a man found to have only 25% of normal carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity in biopsied skeletal muscle. White Muscle Disease is a muscular dystrophy in young ruminants which appears about five days after turnout to pasture in the weaned ruminant raised on a diet deficient in vitamin E and selenium (VESD). Pasture has high levels of linoleic and linolenic acid (high PUFA diet) which are modified by developing rumen bacteria. Corbucci investigated the effects of circulatory shock (cardiogenic) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in humans. Cytochrome oxidase activity fell markedly and, in particular, the capacity to oxidase palmitoyl carnitine was greatly reduced. He considered a consequence of this disorder was sequestration of carnitine as acyl carnitine which could not be recycled. Unusual acyl carnitines have been identified in six out of 13 SIDS victims in a USA group. In Finland, researchers identified a rise in SIDS incidence (mostly found in the prone position) after great and rapid temperature changes. Foster found a relationship between 1984 SIDS incidence and the incidence of goitre in World War I troops.
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PMID:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a time lag factor. 204 96


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