Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past few years it has emerged that O-mannosyl glycans are not restricted to yeasts and fungi but are also present in higher eukaryotes, including humans. They play a substantial role in the onset of muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration disorders, like muscle-eye-brain disease. Protein O-mannosyltransferase genes (PMTs) are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human; however, little is known about these enzymes in higher eukaryotes. In this study, we cloned the first PMT2 subfamily members from human (hPOMT2), mouse (mPomt2), and Drosophila (DmPOMT2). A detailed characterization of the mammalian POMT2, with emphasis on mouse Pomt2, shows that mammalian POMT2 is predominantly expressed in testis tissue. Due to differential transcription initiation of the mPomt2 gene, two distinct mRNA species that vary in length are formed. The shorter transcript is present in all somatic tissues examined. Expression of the corresponding hPOMT2 cDNA in mammalian cells identified POMT2 as an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with an apparent molecular weight of 83 kDa. The longer mPomt2 transcript is restricted to testis and encodes a testis-specific mPOMT2 protein isoform. Using in situ hybridization and immunolocalization, we demonstrate that in testis tissue mPOMT2 localizes to maturing spermatids and is abundant within the acrosome, a sperm-specific organelle essential for fertilization. Our data suggest a novel and specific role for the putative protein O-mannosyltransferase POMT2 in the maturation and/or function of sperm in mammals.
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PMID:Characterization of POMT2, a novel member of the PMT protein O-mannosyltransferase family specifically localized to the acrosome of mammalian spermatids. 1246 Sep 45

Heritable diseases are caused by germ-line mutations that, despite tissuewide presence, often lead to tissue-specific pathology. Here, we make a systematic analysis of the link between tissue-specific gene expression and pathological manifestations in many human diseases and cancers. Diseases were systematically mapped to tissues they affect from disease-relevant literature in PubMed to create a disease-tissue covariation matrix of high-confidence associations of >1,000 diseases to 73 tissues. By retrieving >2,000 known disease genes, and generating 1,500 disease-associated protein complexes, we analyzed the differential expression of a gene or complex involved in a particular disease in the tissues affected by the disease, compared with nonaffected tissues. When this analysis is scaled to all diseases in our dataset, there is a significant tendency for disease genes and complexes to be overexpressed in the normal tissues where defects cause pathology. In contrast, cancer genes and complexes were not overexpressed in the tissues from which the tumors emanate. We specifically identified a complex involved in XY sex reversal that is testis-specific and down-regulated in ovaries. We also identified complexes in Parkinson disease, cardiomyopathies, and muscular dystrophy syndromes that are similarly tissue specific. Our method represents a conceptual scaffold for organism-spanning analyses and reveals an extensive list of tissue-specific draft molecular pathways, both known and unexpected, that might be disrupted in disease.
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PMID:A large-scale analysis of tissue-specific pathology and gene expression of human disease genes and complexes. 1910 45