Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrastructural and biochemical studies were performed on postmortem material of a 67-year-old woman presenting with proximal muscle weakness in the legs, slurred speech, and mental subnormality. The symptoms began at age 19 and showed extremely slow progression, mimicking progressive muscular dystrophy. A brother suffered from a similar chronic neuromuscular disease, and two sisters died at an early age from unknown "nervous" diseases. Autopsy disclosed abundant lipid accumulation in CNS neurons and severe cerebellar cortical atrophy of the granule cell type. Skeletal muscle showed a terminal stage of denervation atrophy with severe lipomatosis; intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles contained lipid deposits. Complex lamellar cytoplasmic inclusions often resembling membranous cytoplasmic bodies or stacked membranes were seen in cells of the brain. In addition, there were various lipopigment bodies, fingerprint profiles, rare polyglucosan bodies, rodlike structures, and filamentous sheaves, particularly in substantia nigra. Accumulation of gangliosides GM2 and GA2 in the cerebral cortex was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography. Determination of hexosaminidase activity was not possible (formalin-fixed material). This observation, in addition to the cases reported by Navon et al. [1981] and Johnson [1982], is suggested to represent a new phenotype of adult-onset GM2 gangliosidosis referred to as motor neuron disease phenotype, which can be differentiated from other adult-onset lipidoses and motor neuron disorders. Our paper emphasizes the importance of ultrastructural demonstration of lamellar inclusions for the differential diagnosis of ceroid lipofuscinosis, and the value of biochemical studies in the diagnostic clarification of atypical neuromuscular disorders.
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PMID:Adult GM2 gangliosidosis masquerading as slowly progressive muscular atrophy: motor neuron disease phenotype. 716 18

A heterogeneous group of patients with congenital muscular dystrophy associated with clinical or radiologic central nervous system involvement other than the severe classic form with merosin deficiency, muscle-eye-brain disease, and Walker-Warburg syndrome is described. A probable hereditary or familial occurrence could be suggested in all patients. One merosin-positive patient presented severe motor incapacity and cerebral atrophy without any clinical manifestation of central nervous system involvement. A second patient, also merosin-positive, had moderate motor and mental handicap, and epilepsy with no changes in neuroimaging. A third patient, found to have partial merosin deficiency by muscle biopsy, manifested severe psychomotor retardation and cerebral atrophy with foci of abnormal white-matter signal on magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, two merosin-positive siblings with microcephaly, mental retardation, and an incapacitating progressive neuromuscular course, exhibited cataracts without defects of neuronal migration or brain malformation. This report emphasizes the broad clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of merosin-positive congenital muscular dystrophy with associated central nervous system involvement, and illustrates the importance of further studies on clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic grounds for identifying new subsets of congenital muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of classic congenital muscular dystrophy with involvement of the central nervous system: report of five atypical cases. 1075 73

Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) is characterized by a severe Duchene muscular dystrophy like phenotype. Most such cases represent alpha or gamma sarcoglycanopathies. Mental subnormality is very uncommon and other central nervous system deficits have not been documented in patients with SCARMD. We report a brother and sister with the SCARMD phenotype, who additionally had static mental subnormality and choreiform movements. Work-up for sarcolgycan genes, dystrophin gene and known causes of mental retardation and chorea was normal.
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PMID:Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy, mental subnormality and chorea. 1711 66

Thirty five floppy children seen during two year period, were subjected to clinical examination, electroneuromyography and muscle biopsy. The muscle biopsy was sent for routine histology, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Using muscle pathology as the 'gold standard' for diagnosis, the aetiological entities were spinal muscular atrophy (16), congenital muscular dystrophy (6), mitochondrial myopathy (3), congenital fibre type disproportion (2), acid mutase deficiency (1) and benign congenital hypotonia (6). Mental subnormality, seizures, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia suggested mitochondrial disease (n=2). Macroglossia, hepatomegaly and cardiomegaly along with the dive bomber effect on electromyography were useful clues to the diagnosis of Pompe's disease (n=1). Positive decremental test established the diagnosis of congenital myasthenia in one patient. Contrary to most previously published reports, infantile onset of spinal muscular atrophy did not always spell a poor prognosis on follow up. 'Floppy infant syndrome' has varied etiology. Comprehensive evaluation including clinical, electrophysiological and detailed histological examination is necessary for proper diagnosis and prognosis of this heterogenous entity.
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PMID:Neuromuscular disorders in infancy and childhood. 2951 74

Dystrophinopathies are predominantly caused by deletions, duplications and point mutations in the coding regions of the dystrophin gene with less than 1% of all pathogenic mutations identified within intronic sequences. We describe a 17-year-old male with a Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosis and mental disability due to an intron mutation that led to aberrant splicing and formation of an additional exon. Histopathological analysis of muscle tissue revealed signs of muscular dystrophy and reduced signal for dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and alpha-dystroglycan. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification screening and total sequencing of the dystrophin gene did not identify a mutation in the coding regions. However, next generation sequencing revealed an intron mutation between exons 62 and 63 of the dystrophin gene known for pseudoexon formation and disruption of the reading frame. We report a functional consequence of this mutation as an increased intracellular-weighted sodium signal (assessed by 23Na-magnetic resonance imaging) in leg muscles.
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PMID:Rare intronic mutation between Exon 62 and 63 (c.9225-285A>G) of the dystrophin gene associated with atypical BMD phenotype. 3266 10