Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estimation of the enzymes CPK and LDH, with their isoenzymes, is useful in diagnosing myocardial infarction and monitoring its progress. However, increases of CPK-MB and LDH1, may be not associated with acute myocardial infarction, as in hypothyroidism, muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, malignant disease. We report a case of hypothyroidism with increased CPK-MB and LDH1. At the beginning the diagnosis was difficult because of altered electrocardiogram associated with one event of "burning" localized altered at the anterior thorax. This case illustrates that plasma enzyme activity and isoenzyme profiles should be interpreted with caution when clinical and instrumental (eco 2D) findings are not entirely associated with myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[The enzymatic and electrocardiographic changes falsely indicative of an acute myocardial infarct during hypothyroidism]. 813 81

The first generation of troponin T ELISA (TnT 1) can yield false-positive results in patients with severe skeletal muscle injury. Therefore, a cardiac-specific second-generation troponin T ELISA (TnT 2) was developed, in which the cross-reactive antibody 1B10 has been replaced by a high-affinity cardiac-specific antibody M11.7. No cross-reactivity of TnT 2 was observed with purified skeletal muscle troponin T (1000 micrograms/L) or in test samples from 43 marathon runners and 24 patients with rhabdomyolysis and highly increased creatine kinase. TnT 2 was increased > 0.2 microgram/L in 5 of 40 patients with renal failure and in 4 of 20 muscular dystrophy patients. The detection limit is 0.012 microgram/L. Day-to-day imprecision (CV) within the range 0.19-14.89 micrograms/L was < 5.8%. In 4955 patients without myocardial damage, 99.6% had TnT < 0.10 microgram/L. Assay comparison (TnT 1 vs TnT 2) over the whole concentration range (i.e., in 323 samples from AMI-suspected patients) showed a slope, intercept, and standard error of estimate (Sey) of 1.18, 0.01 micrograms/L, and 0.81 microgram/L, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Improved troponin T ELISA specific for cardiac troponin T isoform: assay development and analytical and clinical validation. 906 83

Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. The tetrameric enzyme is composed of one or two subunits (H and/or M) resulting in five isoenzyme forms: LDH-H4, -H3M1, -H2M2, -H1M3, and -M4. The relative distribution of the LDH isoenzymes is tissue dependent and a significant marker for the diagnosis of hepatoma of the liver, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, and a wide variety of other acute and chronic diseases to be detected by alterations of the LDH isoenzyme pattern in serum. Immunochemical approaches to the routine determination of LDH depend on isoenzyme specific antibodies. Since the H- and M-subunits for human LDH are highly homologous, LDH isoenzyme specific antibodies for immunochemical monitoring are hard to generate. Here we present data on the generation and characterization of LDH isoenzyme-specific mono- and polyclonal antibodies in different species in the presence of lipopeptide adjuvants. Western-Blot and ELISA analysis showed that antisera and monoclonal antibodies recognize their homologous antigens with high specificity and are therefore suitable for immunochemical monitoring of the LDH isoenzymes H4 and M4. In addition, they can be used for the determination of LDH isoenzyme specific activity which is an essential prerequisite for online amperometric immunosensor monitoring.
 ...
PMID:Lipopeptide adjuvants: generation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-specific antibodies for immunochemical diagnosis. 1131 86

Tall lead V1 (tall RV1), defined as an R/S ratio equal to or greater than 1, is not an infrequent occurrence in emergency department patients. This electrocardiographic finding exists as a normal variant in only 1% of patients. Physicians should therefore be familiar with the differential diagnosis for this important QRS configuration. The electrocardiographic entities which can present with this finding include right bundle branch block, left ventricular ectopy, right ventricular hypertrophy, acute right ventricular dilation (acute right heart strain), type a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, posterior myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, progressive muscular dystrophy, dextrocardia, misplaced precordial leads, and normal variant. Various cases are presented to highlight the different causes of the tall RV1.
 ...
PMID:Prominent R wave in lead V1: electrocardiographic differential diagnosis. 1159 72

Aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) plays an important role in glucose metabolism. Aldolase has a molecular weight of 160 kDa and has three isozymes, namely aldolase A, B and C. The enzyme is probably present in all cells; it occurs in particularly large quantities in the muscles, liver and brain. An increase in serum aldolase is found in myotonic muscular disease, such as progressive muscular dystrophy and polymyositis. The enzyme rises in myocardial infarction, reaches a maximum within 24-48 hours and returns to normal in the course of five days. In these muscular diseases, aldolase A isozyme is elevated. Aldolase activity, especially B isozyme, in serum rises to very high levels in acute hepatitis, but is slightly elevated in cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Aldolase becomes elevated in serum with malignant tumors, and isozyme A is predominant in serum. Erythrocytes are also rich in aldolase, and the enzyme rises in hemolytic anemia.
 ...
PMID:[Aldolase]. 1179 71

Tall R waves in lead V1 present the life insurance company medical director with a diagnostic dilemma. This ECG pattern may be present in applicants with right bundle branch block, right ventricular hypertrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, posterior myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, dextrocardia, misplaced precordial leads, as well as in normal individuals. This ECG case study discusses the ECG features involved in the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Tall R wave in lead V1. 1549 41

Myocardial fat is often seen at cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of healthy adults and patients with myocardial diseases. Physiologic myocardial fat develops with aging and is commonly seen at CT in the anterolateral right ventricular (RV) free wall and RV outflow tract with normal or thickened RV myocardium and a normal-sized RV in elderly patients. Pathologic conditions with myocardial fat include healed myocardial infarction (MI); arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy or dysplasia (ARVC); and others, such as cardiac lipoma, lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, tuberous sclerosis complex, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiomyopathy with muscular dystrophy. In patients with healed MI, CT and MR imaging show fat in left ventricular myocardium that is of normal thickness or thin and follows the distribution of the coronary artery; CT often depicts fat in mostly subendocardial regions. In patients with ARVC, characteristic CT and MR imaging findings include a thin RV outflow tract and free wall caused by subepicardial fatty infiltration; fat in the RV moderator band, trabeculae, and ventricular septum; and RV enlargement and wall motion abnormality. Recognition of patient age, characteristic locations of myocardial fat, myocardial thickness, and ventricular size helps in differentiating physiologic and pathologic myocardial fat at cardiac imaging; findings of wall motion abnormality and late gadolinium enhancement at MR imaging help narrow the diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial fat at cardiac imaging: how can we differentiate pathologic from physiologic fatty infiltration? 2107 77

The appearance of creatine kinase (CK) in blood has been generally considered to be an indirect marker of muscle damage, particularly for diagnosis of medical conditions such as myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, and cerebral diseases. However, there is controversy in the literature concerning its validity in reflecting muscle damage as a consequence of level and intensity of physical exercise. Nonmodifiable factors, for example, ethnicity, age, and gender, can also affect enzyme tissue activity and subsequent CK serum levels. The extent of effect suggests that acceptable upper limits of normal CK levels may need to be reset to recognise the impact of these factors. There is a need for standardisation of protocols and stronger guidelines which would facilitate greater scientific integrity. The purpose of this paper is to examine current evidence and opinion relating to the release of CK from skeletal muscle in response to physical activity and examine if elevated concentrations are a health concern.
 ...
PMID:Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. 2228 8

A synthetic compound, termed pirfenidone (PFD), is considered promising for the treatment of cardiac disease. It leads to beneficial effects in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM); as well as in heart attack, atrial fibrillation, muscular dystrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). The latter is a result of alterations linked to metabolic syndrome as they promote cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and contractile dysfunction. Although reduced level of fibrosis and stiffness represent an essential step in the mechanism of PFD action, a wide range of functional effects might also contribute to the therapeutic benefits. For example, PFD stimulates L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs), which are pivotal for a process known as excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Recent evidence suggests that these two types of actions - namely structural and functional - aid in treating both cardiac disease and DM. This view is supported by the fact that in DC, for example, systolic dysfunction arises from both cardiac stiffness linked to fibrosis and down-regulation of ECC. Thus, not surprisingly, clinical trials have been conducted with PFD in the settings of DM, for treating not only cardiac but also renal disease. This review presents all these concepts, along with the possible mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences.
 ...
PMID:Functional and structural impact of pirfenidone on the alterations of cardiac disease and diabetes mellitus. 2510 69

We are now well entering the exciting era of stem cells. Potential stem cell therapy holds great promise for the treatment of many diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral-sclerosis, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and etc. It is generally believed that transplantation of specific stem cells into the injured tissue to replace the lost cells is an effective way to repair the tissue. In fact, organ transplantation has been successfully practiced in clinics for liver or kidney failure. However, the severe shortage of donor organs has been a major obstacle for the expansion of organ transplantation programs. Toward that direction, generation of transplantable organs using stem cells is a desirable approach for organ replacement and would be of great interest for both basic and clinical scientists. Here we review recent progress in the field of organ generation using various methods including single adult tissue stem cells, a blastocyst complementation system, tissue decellularization/recellularization and a combination of stem cells and tissue engineering.
...
PMID:Generation of functional organs from stem cells. 2540 73


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>