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Query: UMLS:C0026850 (muscular dystrophy)
 5,870 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia, in addition to muscular dystrophy and occasionally liver necrosis, were experimentally induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet (basal diet) for 9 weeks. Cecum and ileum were affected more frequently and severely than other segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophils were multifocally or diffusely distributed in the intestinal wall but were most severe in the muscular layer and in the submucosa. Eosinophils were also present in stomach, liver with massive hepatocellular necrosis, and skeletal muscle with marked myonecrosis. Eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia were not observed in rats fed the basal diet supplemented with either vitamin E (100 or 200 ppm) or selenium (0.1 or 1.0 ppm). Eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilia, and muscular dystrophy regressed when vitamin E- and selenium-deficient rats were subsequently fed either the vitamin E- or selenium-supplemented diet for 4-5 weeks. These findings suggest that vitamin E and selenium deficiency may play a role in the development of a diffuse type of eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia.
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PMID:Induction of eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilia in rats by vitamin E and selenium deficiency. 335 Jan 41

Previous investigations have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to muscle pathology in the dystrophin-null mutant mouse (mdx) model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy through perforin-dependent and perforin-independent mechanisms. We have assessed whether the CTL-mediated pathology includes the promotion of eosinophilia in dystrophic muscle, and thereby provides a secondary mechanism through which CTLs contribute to muscular dystrophy. Quantitative immunohistochemistry confirmed that eosinophilia is a component of the mdx dystrophy. In addition, electron microscopic observations show that eosinophils traverse the basement membrane of mdx muscle fibers and display sites of close apposition of eosinophil and muscle membranes. The close membrane apposition is characterized by impingement of eosinophilic rods of major basic protein into the muscle cell membrane. Transfer of mdx splenocytes and mdx muscle extracts to irradiated C57 mice by intraperitoneal injection resulted in muscle eosinophilia in the recipient mice. Double-mutant mice lacking dystrophin and perforin showed less eosinophilia than was displayed by mdx mice that expressed perforin. Finally, administration of prednisolone, which has been shown previously to reduce the concentration of CTLs in dystrophic muscle, produced a significant reduction in eosinophilia. These findings indicate that eosinophilia is a component of the mdx pathology that is promoted by perforin-dependent cytotoxicity of effector T cells. However, some eosinophilia of mdx muscle is independent of perforin-mediated processes.
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PMID:Eosinophilia of dystrophin-deficient muscle is promoted by perforin-mediated cytotoxicity by T cell effectors. 1079 90

Eosinophilia-associated myopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous conditions characterized by the presence of peripheral and/or muscle eosinophilia. There are at least three distinct subtypes: focal eosinophilic myositis, eosinophilic polymyositis, and eosinophilic perimyositis. Infiltrating eosinophils are not always identified in conventional muscle histologic examination, but the eosinophil major basic protein, whose extracellular diffusion is considered a hallmark of eosinophilic cytotoxicity, is usually detected by immunostaining in muscle biopsy. Whereas focal eosinophilic myositis seems to be a benign and isolated condition, and perimyositis is usually related with the inflammatory infiltrate due to fasciitis, eosinophilic polymyositis can be associated with muscular dystrophy or be a feature of multiorgan hypereosinophilic syndrome. Muscle biopsy remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis. Parasitic infections, connective tissue disorders, hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies, drugs, and toxic substances are the main etiologic agents of eosinophilia-associated myopathy. However, in some cases, no known etiologic factor is identified, and these are considered idiopathic. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay therapy in idiopathic forms. Imatinib and mepolizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody, may be useful in patients with eosinophilic myositis as part of a hypereosinophilic syndrome.
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PMID:Eosinophilic myositis: an updated review. 2442 74