Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury in bacterial meningitis. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine levels of interleukin 1-beta (IL1 beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and determined their correlation with acute clinical complications and with changes in CSF biochemistry. Interleukin 6, TNF alpha and IL1 beta were present in 9/9, 3/9 and 4/9 patients, respectively. The CSFs with detectable TNF alpha or IL1 beta had higher levels of IL6 (p < 0.02), protein (NS) and lower glucose levels (p < 0.02), compared with those in which TNF alpha and IL1 beta were absent. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL1 beta levels also correlated with the presence of prolonged fever, fits, spasticity and death (logTNF alpha: r = 0.70, p < 0.05; logIL1 beta: r = 0.62, p = 0.08). The cytokine levels reflect the degree of inflammatory response and are positively correlated with the severity of acute clinical complications. Modulation of this inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis may improve its morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis: cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. 759 38

Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) is a mouse model of chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by Th1-mediated CNS demyelination and spastic hindlimb paralysis. Existing MS therapies reduce relapse rates in 30% of relapsing-remitting MS patients, but are ineffective in chronic-progressive disease, and their effects on disability progression are unclear. Experimental studies demonstrate cannabinoids are useful for symptomatic treatment of spasticity and tremor in chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cannabinoids, however, have reported immunosuppressive properties. We show that the cannabinoid receptor agonist, R+WIN55,212, ameliorates progression of clinical disease symptoms in mice with preexisting TMEV-IDD. Amelioration of clinical disease is associated with downregulation of both virus and myelin epitope-specific Th1 effector functions (delayed-type hypersensitivity and IFN-gamma production) and the inhibition of CNS mRNA expression coding for the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, and IL-6. Clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for the symptomatic treatment of MS are ongoing, and this study demonstrates that they may also have potent immunoregulatory properties.
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PMID:Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55,212. 1269 42