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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a companion paper (Hultborn & Malmsten 1983) it was described that ventral root discharges to stimulation of peripheral nerves became larger on the side of a chronic spinal hemisection (left) than on the other side. In the present paper, based on the same experiments, conditioning of monosynaptic test reflexes was used to study changes of both excitatory and inhibitory effects on specified motoneuronal pools. Conditioning stimulation was given to IA afferents (reciprocal Ia inhibition, presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibers), high threshold muscle afferents, low and high threshold cutaneous afferents and motor axons (recurrent inhibition). A comparison of the efficacy of conditioning stimuli on the two sides showed that facilitatory effects were larger on the side of hemisection in a clear majority of cases. Inhibition was almost always either more efficient on the side of hemisection or equally efficient on the two sides. In control cats, facilitatory effects tended to be larger on the right side, while the results for inhibitory conditioning generally showed no clear side-bias. The increase in facilitatory effects after lesions may contribute to symptoms of spasticity.
Acta Physiol Scand 1983 Dec
PMID:Changes in segmental reflexes following chronic spinal cord hemisection in the cat. II. Conditioned monosynaptic test reflexes. 666 23

Cases of polyneuropathy due to exposure to industrial solvents have been studied at several shoe factories in the province of Siena. After the screening of 654 employees 98 verified cases were detected. Of these, 16 were rated as moderate to severe, 45 as mild, and 37 were minimally involved but with characteristic electrodiagnostic abnormalities. Follow-up study in 53 patients showed that neurological signs and symptoms as well as electrodiagnostic abnormalities continued for years in several patients. In addition, after a year's observation, some patients showed signs of central nervous system dysfunction such as spasticity of the lower limbs and increased deep tendon reflexes. High percentages of commercial n-hexane were found in all the samples of glues and solvents collected from home-workers and from factories where cases of polyneuropathy occurred.
Ital J Neurol Sci 1983 Dec
PMID:Toxic polyneuropathy of shoe workers in Italy. A clinical, neurophysiological and follow-up study. 667 48

Mean F wave size has been used in the present investigation to monitor motoneuron excitability in patients undergoing a dentatotomy for the relief of spasticity. Mean response size was reduced by electrical stimulation in the dentate nucleus and following the production of lesions in this nucleus. Both ipsilateral and contralateral effects have been demonstrated.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982 Dec
PMID:Changes in F wave size during dentatotomy. 676 9

A double-blind study was carried out on 20 children with spasticity secondary to cerebral palsy, in order to compare the effects of dantrolene sodium suspension and a placebo. The drug was found to be physiologically active in reducing the force of muscle contraction, but objective functional improvement, as measured by multiple performance tests, was irregular and probably not significant.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1980 Dec
PMID:Dantrolene sodium suspension in treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. 700 56

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) can occur in full-term newborns with a variety of clinical pictures. We studied five full-term infants who suffered IVH in the neonatal period and survived. No apparent cause for hemorrhage could be found in four. All had normal results of neurologic examinations at birth, and four had no major antecedent perinatal or postnatal difficulties. In 19 previously described full-term infants with IVH, no perinatal problems were noted in 45% of those who survived. Although more common in premature infants, IVH can occur in full-term infants and should be suspected when there is a sudden change in the neurologic status. In subsequent examinations, three of our five infants had mild spasticity and two appeared to be normal. The grading system developed for IVH in premature infants, while indicating severity of the hemorrhage, does not predict clinical outcome in full-term infants. A more definitive statement of outcome will require a longer period of observation.
Arch Neurol 1982 Dec
PMID:Intraventricular hemorrhage in the full-term neonate. 713 19

Return of neurologic function after a stroke tends to be complete within six months after the insult. Initial flaccidity is superseded by spasticity, which is most prominent distally. Movements initially occur in synergistic patterns. Return of voluntary movements begins proximally in the lower extremity. In the upper extremity, proximal recovery usually occurs first, but finger movement occasionally is the earliest sign. Proper positioning and early, passive range-of-motion exercises help to avoid complications.
Am Fam Physician 1982 Dec
PMID:Stroke rehabilitation: Part II. Recovery and complications. 714 38

Inflatable bladder sphincters (models AS 721 and AS 792) were implanted in 10 boys and 5 girls, between 5 and 17 years old, who had neurogenic bladders without residual urine or reflux and with normal renal function. Of the boys 9 are continent with an average followup of 51.5 months, whereas only 1 of the girls is continent. The incidence of mechanical failures is lower with the new AS 792 sphincter (2 of 11 versus 7 of 13 devices), and the 2 erosions occurred in girls whose bladder necks were opened during implantation. The artificial sphincter is useful in boys with neurogenic bladders without residual urine if bladder spasticity is controlled. We use the device in girls only when pharmacological methods and intermittent catheterization have failed. We have been satisfied with the long-term results even if reoperations were needed.
J Urol 1982 Dec
PMID:Artificial sphincters in children with neurogenic bladders: long-term results. 715 83

Family data on 299 probands with spinocerebellar types, 163 with late cortical cerebellar atrophies (LCCA), and 180 with olivopontocerebellar atrophies (OPCA) were analysed. Spinocerebellar types included cases with cerebellar ataxia combined with spasticity. Their family history was not compatible with sex linked inheritance. There were few recessive cases occurring before 24 years of age. The majority of cases were products of non-consanguineous marriages in which one partner was affected. The genetic ratio was 0.5 for each decade at onset between 20 and 59, suggesting that these cases were dominant. The proportion of these familial cases, however, decreased with increasing age at onset, and there were quite a few sporadic cases among the elderly. LCCA and OPCA were considered to represent extremes of a correlated disease spectrum. Although they were weakly familial, single gene heredity was rejected. Sib recurrence rate was 7.5% for LCCA and 9.4% for OPCA. When calculated for different age groups at onset, the rates decreased with increasing age in the two diseases. The rates increased to 25% and 20%, respectively, given two sibs already affected, and to 37.5% and 22.2% when three were affected. These patterns were incompatible with single gene mechanisms and were similar to those in multifactorial diseases with a threshold effect.
J Med Genet 1980 Dec
PMID:Genetic and clinical patterns of heritable cerebellar ataxias in adults. I. Genetic analyses. 720 27

A large Arab family affected with the rare X-linked Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is reported on. Two hemizygous boys, two and nine years of age, had the classical biochemical and clinical-neurological syndrome. The activity of erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) was below the detectable limit (greater than 0.1% of normal). They were mentally and physically retarded and exhibited spasticity and choreoathetosis; the older of the two also exhibited self-mutilation. The mother and three of her seven daughters, all clinically asymptomatic, were proven to be heterozygous for HGPRT deficiency, by demonstration of an increased rate of de novo purine synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts. Erythrocyte HGPRT activity was normal in the three heterozygous daughters, but was significantly reduced in the mother. However, in all four heterozygotes, erythrocyte HGPRT/adenine phosphoribosyltransferase ratio was lower than in all other family members. All heterozygotes had blood uric acid levels within the normal range, although higher than in the normal women in the family. The ratio uric acid/creatinine concentration in the urine was significantly elevated in one of the heterozygotes, and in the upper normal limit in two others, indicating excessive purine production.
Isr J Med Sci 1981 Dec
PMID:Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in an Arab family. Detection and biochemical manifestation of heterozygosity. 732 17

Eleven patients with static or slowly progressive multiple sclerosis were treated with continuous spinal cord stimulation via epidural electrodes for a minimum of two weeks. An extensive battery of objective tests was used to assess results. Significant improvement in urinary bladder function was seen in 2 of the patients with a lesser degree of improvement in 4 others and reduction of lower limb spasticity in 6 patients. Five additional patients selected for these disabilities were then treated with further evidence of improvement in bladder function in 4 and in lower limb spasticity in 2. It is suggested that benefit results from inhibition of excessive spinal reflex activity.
Brain 1980 Dec
PMID:The effect of spinal cord stimulation on function in patients with multiple sclerosis. 743 91


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