Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity and catecholamine fluorescence in the intact and completely transected rat spinal cord. The catecholamine terminals were scarce in the posterior horn and abundant in the intermediale and anterior horn regions. In the thoracic region, intense amine fluorescence was seen in the intermediolateral cell column. Spinal transection resulted in the enhancement of fluorescence above the lesion and disappearance below the lesion within seven days. The cholinesterase activity in the controls was found mostly in the anterior horn region and the tip of the posterior horn. Following transection, there was no significant change in the distribution of this enzyme. These changes correlated with the appearance of spasticity.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1977 Dec
PMID:Neurotransmitters in spinal cord injury. 33 74

In 4 patients, trauma to the lumbosacral area produced abnormalities similar to those seen after resection of the nervi erigentes. Mechanisms of the resulting constipation and fecal incontinence for liquid stools included a prolonged transit time through the entire colon, a low rectal pressure, spasticity of the anal canal, and abnormal anal reflexes. Previous trauma to the lower spine must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation.
Gastroenterology 1979 Dec
PMID:Traumatic constipation. 49 13

Despite considerable speculation it remains unclear as to whether stretch reflexes perform a functional role in speech articulator muscles. Recent research, however, has shown that long loop stretch reflex mechanisms are brought into play during voluntary contraction of limb muscles and a functional role in oscillatory damping has been suggested. It was decided, therefore, to use a method and a technique of analysis similar to that used in limb muscles to search for tonic stretch reflex (TSR) responses in lip, tongue and jaw muscles during sustained voluntary contraction. The term 'action TSR' is used to differentiate stretch reflex responses measured from voluntary activity from those measured at rest. Simultaneous electromyogram (EMG) recordings were taken from the lip, tongue and jaw musculature in normal, stutterer and cerebral spastic subjects. Subjects were instructed to hold the appropriate articulator in a fixed position while the experiment applied an irregular, continuously changing, stretching force. The stretch and EMG signals were analyzed using a cross correlation and spectral analysis technique. This provided a sensitive means of detecting any EMG fluctuations which covaried with applied stretch and might therefore be classified as reflex. No suggestion of such action TSR responses could be found in lip or tongue muscles of any of the subjects tested, including the cerebral spastic subjects with dysarthric speech. It is therefore concluded that action TSR mechanisms are not operative in control of lip and tongue muscles in man. Furthermore, dysarthric speech in cerebral spasticity cannot be attributed to exaggerated tone of lip and tongue muscles resulting from hypersensitivity of TSR mechanisms. In contrast, clear action TSR responses were demonstrable in jaw closing muscles while in jaw opening muscles, small amplitude responses were detected but were not substantial in comparison with background activity. Since the action TSR is present in jaw and limb muscles, but absent in lip and tongue muscles, the suggestion of a functional role of this reflex in damping mechanical oscillations associated with inertial loads is further supported.
Brain Res 1979 Dec 14
PMID:Tonic stretch reflexes in lip, tongue and jaw muscles. 50 9

Passive cyclical electrical stimulation was applied during a four-week treatment program to the wrist and finger extensors of 16 hemiplegic patients with flexor spasticity. The study noted the effects of this treatment on the patients' sensation; spasticity; passive range of motion of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints; and strength in the wrist extensor muscles. Patients were divided into chronic and subacute groups. Both groups received electrical stimulation for three half-hour periods a day, seven days a week, as a substitute for all other range-of-motion techniques. Flexion contractures were prevented in the subacute group of patients at the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints. A statistically and clinically significant increase in wrist extension range occurred in the chronic group that had wrist flexion contractures before the electrical stimulation. Increased extension was noted at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of patients in the chronic group. Those patients with some voluntary wrist extension before the treatment began were able to increase their extension strength during stimulation. No changes in skin sensation were noted and only a general trend in decreasing spasticity was apparent.
Phys Ther 1979 Dec
PMID:Electrical stimulation of wrist and fingers for hemiplegic patients. 51 86

Telemetered gait electromyography was used to investigate gait patterns and the phasic behavior of the quadriceps femoris and medial hamstring muscles in 26 normal children and 32 children with spastic cerebral palsy. The average child with spastic cerebral palsy was found to have a shorter stance phase than the normal, but the cadence, while more variable, was nearly the same as normal. The spastic muscles typically exhibited prolonged phasic activity or a dysphasic pattern. Most of the patients with spastic hamstrings also had spastic quadriceps, suggesting that over-weakening the hamstrings may produce an unwanted genu recurvatum or hyperextended knee gait. Care must be taken to balance hamstring spasticity with quadriceps spasticity. A final result with slight knee flexion is preferable to hyperextension.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1979 Dec
PMID:Gait electromyography in normal and spastic children, with special reference to quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles. 52 Jul 11

A review was made of 88 adult institutionalized patients with spastic cerebral palsy and contractural deformity of the hips. 21 were untreated for dislocated hip, and 11 of these suffered from hip pain. The degree of pain was directly related to neurological maturity and to the coexistence of athetosis and spasticity. Decubitus ulcers and perineal care problems were more associated with contractures than with dislocation alone. It is concluded that dislocation and subluxation should be prevented by surgical means, but that surgical treatment of the already dislocated hip should be reserved for the neurologically mature and athetoid patient.
Dev Med Child Neurol 1979 Dec
PMID:Natural history of the dislocated hip in spastic cerebral palsy. 52 Jul 12

The patient, H.Chr.B., was among the first reported with hyperuricemia and central nervous system symptoms. He has been found to have a variant of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT; E.C.2.4.2.8) distinct from the enzyme present in patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The patient had chroeoathetosis, spasticity, dysarthric speech, and hyperuricemia. However, his intelligence was normal and he had no evidence of self-mutilation. There was no activity of HPRT in the lysates of erythrocytes and cultured fibroblasts when analyzed in the usual manner. Using a newly developed method for the study of purine metabolism in intact cultured cells, this patient was found to metabolize some 9% of 8-14C-hypoxanthine, and 90% of the isotope utilized was converted to adenine and guanine nucleotides. In contrast, cells from patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were virtually completely unable to convert hypoxanthine to nucleotides. The patient's fibroblasts were even more efficient in the metabolism of 8-14C-guanine, which was utilized to the extent of 27%, over 80% of which was converted to guanine and adenine nucleotides. The growth of the cultured fibroblasts of this patient was intermediate in media containing hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT), whereas the growth of Lesch-Nyhan cells was inhibited and normal cells grew normally. Similarly in 8-azaguanine, 6-thioguanine, and 8-azahypoxanthine, the growth of the patient's cells was intermediate between normal and Lesch-Nyhan cells. These observations provide further evidence for genetic heterogeneity among patients with disorders in purine metabolism involving the HPRT gene. They document that this famous patient did not have the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Pediatr Res 1979 Dec
PMID:Utilization of purines by an HPRT variant in an intelligent, nonmutilative patient with features of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. 52 96

Using the clinical quantification of the neurologic symptomatology the authors made observations and avaliated the action of Ciba 34.647-Ba, a GABA derivative, in 12 patients suffering from spasticity and motor incapacity due to spinal cord lesions. The results are reported emphasizing the effects of the drug on the main components of spasticity (hypertonus, hyperactivity of the deep reflexes, clonus and automatisms). Some theories explaining the mechanism of action of the drug are mentioned. References are made about doses, duration of action, tolerance and side-effects.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1977 Dec
PMID:[Clinico-quatitative evaluation of the action of Ciba 34.647-Ba on spasticity]. 58 90

Cervical spondylosis and motor system disease can appear in a similar manner with upper and lower motor neuron signs. Four patients with spasticity and fasciculations in the upper and lower extremities had surgical decompression for cervical spondylosis. Postoperative examinations at 24 to 48 months, including electromyographic studies, disclosed neurological improvement in all patients and loss of fasciculations in the lower extremities in three. Three mechanisms by which cervical spondylosis might cause fasciculations in the lower extremities are vascular insufficiency, cord traction, and denervation.
Arch Neurol 1977 Dec
PMID:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with reversible fasciculations in the lower extremities. 58 98

Five years' experience with the implantation of permanent magnets in the eye lids for reconstruction of dynamic lid closure for paretic lagophthalmos is presented. The patients followed up were 114 in number with unilateral and three with bilateral lagophthalmos due to complete facial palsy. In the majority of cases satisfactory to good eyelid function with complete protection for the eye could be obtained. In 15 cases rejection occurred usually because of deficient implantation technique. On the basis of these experiences we conclude that a good indication for lid magnet implantation is present for reversible facialis paralysis for a continuous solution, and also as a complement to other operative procedures which alone do not result in complete eyelid closure. Facial paralysis of long duration with atrophy of the lid structures and retraction or spasticity of the levator musculature is a relative contraindication.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1977 Dec
PMID:[Five years experience with lid magnet implantation for paretic lagophthalmos (author's transl)]. 60 63


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