Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Report on the immediate and late results obtained in the period from January 1973 to December 1976 in a series of 44 patients suffering from a spastic syndrome who were operated on by selective partial lumbar radiculotomy. The intervention which mainly consisted of a partial separation of the individual radiculae of the posterior lumbar and first sacral roots was followed by a distinct improvement of the clinical picture in 30 patients without observing aneurlogical, especially sensitive deficit or immediate or later complications. The indication for this intervention is established together with the other specialists concerned with the care and the rehabilitation of the patient. Only such patients are selected in whom the spasticity is not useful and who still can carry their body-weight. No operation is in particular carried out in the presence of considerable paresis of the extensors and in patients who have for a long time been able to walk and stand. Favourable results can be expected in para-tetraspasticity and in patients who, when standing with support, show equinism, hyperadduction or crossing of the legs, hyperextension and internal rotation.
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PMID:[Selective partial posterior radiculotomy in the therapy of spasticity]. 55 Jun 49

Case 1. A 65 year old male had left hemiparesis with sudden onset since 8 years ago, which gradually aggravated for these 2 years. On Sept. 27, 1973, he was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Kitano Hospital. There was left spastic hemiparesis with hemisensory disturbance and he could not walk without help for the maked spasticity. Left carotid angiogram revealed the complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery and marked stenosis of the external carotid artery at the common carotid bifurcation. External carotid endarterectomy was performed on Nov. 19, 1973, which was followed by STA-MCA anastomosis 2 months later. The spasticity of extremities and left hemisparesis were gradually improved and he was able to walk without help. Case 2. On Apr. 14, 1974, a 63 year old female developed complete stroke with right hemiparesis and speech disturbance after transient ischemic attacks of 5 days duration. On Aug. 9, he was admitted and had emotional incontinence, right hemiparesis, Gerstmann's syndrome and motor aphasia. Left carotid angiogram revealed a saccular aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery and the occlusion of the distal middle cerebral arterys. These findings suggested that the occlusion was caused by embolus from the middle cerebral aneurysm, and the combined surgery with STA-MCA anastomosis and operation for the aneurysm was planned. On Aug. 30, 1974, under left frontotemporal craniotomy, aneurysmal neck clipping and aneurysmectomy were performed and thereafter, STA-MCA double anastomosis was done. One week after operation, the gradual improvement of pre-operative symptomes was noted. Recently, STA-MCA anatomosis is well known to be one of the effective operative methods for the occlusive methods for the occlusive cerebrovascular diseases and in addition, we found that the combination of STA-MCA anastomosis with other operations was effective for unusual cases presenting in this report. Furthermore, except for the occlusive cerebrovascular diseases, we usually plan STA-MCA anastomosis for the cases of 1) carotid ligation or trapping for carotid-cavernous sinus fistula and some internal carotid aneurysms, 2) some intracranial tumors with the danger involving the main cerebral arteries by operation to protect the cerebrovascular insufficiency.
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PMID:[The combination of STA-MCA anastomosis with another operation for the occlusive cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)]. 55 37

The subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy of Binswanger is characterized clinically by hypertension, dementia, spasticity, syncope, and seizures. It is usually diagnosed pathologically by the finding in white matter of diffuse demyelination or foci of necrosis plus arteriosclerotic and hypertensive vasculopathy. We present a case in which the diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical course and a computerized tomogram which demonstrated extensive white matter degeneration. Postmortem examination confirmed both the diagnosis and the extent of the degeneration as shown by CT scan.
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PMID:Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger): computerized tomography. 57 97

The amplitude of 32 averaged F responses (F32) recorded with surface electrodes was 1 percent of the amplitude of the M wave. The largest F response (Fmax) was 4.5 percent of the M wave. In spasticity, Fmax did not increase in amplitude but became more persistent, resulting in a significant increase of F32. There was a positive correlation between the amplitude of F32 and the M wave, and this relationship was abnormal in 60 percent of the studies of patients with spasticity.
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PMID:Amplitude of the F wave: a potential means of documenting spasticity. 57 13

4 unrelated boys suffering from adrenoleucodystrophy (ALD) are reported. All presented with a cerebral degenerative disorder manifested by behaviour change, dementia, progressive visual loss and spasticity. 1 child showed an excess of skin pigmenation but no other clinical features of adrenal insufficiency were present. An ACTH stimulation test indicated adrenal insufficiency in 1 patient. In the 3 patients with a normal response to ACTH stimulation, 2 had elevated resting plasma ACTH levels, and the other showed typical inclusins in the cells of the adrenal cortex when examined by electron microscopy. Nuclear brain scans were abnormal in all 4 patients. 3 patients had a CAT scan and in all a diffuse decrease in density was shown throughout the cenebral white matter. 2 patients had a zone of contrast enhancement adjacent to the low density areas. In boys under the age of 10 years ALD is the commonest cerebral degenerative disease after subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
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PMID:Adrenoleucodystrophy: a study of four patients. 57 90

In ten patients with para- or tetraspastic syndromes of various etiology 5 different spastic phenomena demonstrating pathologically raised excitability of muscle regulation functions were registered electromyographically before and 1 h after i.v. administration of N-(hydroxy-2-ethyl)-cinnamamide (LCB-29). In the majority of cases a marked decrease of spasticity was registered. The rapid onset of this effect of LCB-29 allowed constant test conditions and therefore eliminated other influences on spasticity. The decrease of raised polysynaptic excitability at spinal level led, at least in part, to the assumption of a spinal site of action of LCB-29. The absence of a sedative effect with oral medication makes a strong central effect seem less probable.
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PMID:[Electromyographic studies on the effect of the cinnamamide derivative LCB-29 in spastic syndromes (author's transl)]. 57 57

The pharmacology of hydrated 1 less than ([5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methylene) amino greater than-2,4,-imidazolidinedione sodium salt (clodanolene sodium), as skeletal-muscle contraction antagonist, is presented. Clodanolene sodium is remarkable in that it has no measurable direct effect on the peripheral or central nervous systmes. Skeletal muscle relaxation can be achieved with this drug at doses that do not affect motor coordination. Rats receiving clodanolene sodium for up to 30 days evidenced a downward trend in gross observation score of skeletal muscle relaxation, but the extent of twitch inhibition was the same on day 30 as on day 1. In an animal model of muscle spasticity (Straub-tail mouse), clodanolene sodium has been shown to be more efficacious for induction of skeletal muscle relaxation than neuromuscular blocking agents, local anesthetics, or centrally-acting muscle relaxants. Clodanolene sodium's mode of action has been identified as specific for skeletal muscle. It has no measurable effect on neuromuscular transmission or on the electrically excitable surface membrane. Indirect evidence indicates that the site of action of clodanolene sodium, like that of dantrolene sodium, is within the muscle cell and is related to caffeine-sensitive calcium stores. Its skeletal-muscle relaxant activity, we suggest results from a decrease in the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:The pharmacology of clodanolene sodium, a new skeletal muscle contraction antagonist. 58 96

1. Between 1965 and 1974 146 patients with unexplained tetraspasticity were admitted and examined. In 123 cases extended neuroradiologic examination with myelography of the cervical spinal canal was carried out. A space occupying lesion was found in 59 cases: narrow spinal canal, protruding discs. In 64 cases no pathologic processes were seen radiologically. Comparison of both groups: no differences in clinical signs, history or findings. 2. Tetraspasticity alone was the leading sign in 30 cases. The legs were always more severely involved than the upper limbs. In 70% spasticity was more severe on the right. Further clinical analysis depends on additional signs, particularly paresthesiae, pain, disturbed joint-sense. Among the patients with protruding discs heart-and circulatory insufficiency is a little more common, but in the group without protrusion exogenous/endogenous metabolic conditions(intoxication, malabsorption) and neoplasms. -Protein content of CSF is raised equally in both groups, particularly albumin. This is probably due to reduced circulation of CSF. In 6 patients an internal hydrocephalus was found. 3. No single active causative factor could be found nor any familial relationship. In spite of increasingly extended diagnostic techniques no underlying condition could be discovered. Tetraspastic is a "polygenetic" reaction of the central nervous system without a final common path. The cases show that mechanical factors (cervical myelopathy) predispose locally to non-mechanical injuries.
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PMID:[Unexplained tetraspasticity in adults (author's transl)]. 58 67

Using the clinical quantification of the neurologic symptomatology the authors made observations and avaliated the action of Ciba 34.647-Ba, a GABA derivative, in 12 patients suffering from spasticity and motor incapacity due to spinal cord lesions. The results are reported emphasizing the effects of the drug on the main components of spasticity (hypertonus, hyperactivity of the deep reflexes, clonus and automatisms). Some theories explaining the mechanism of action of the drug are mentioned. References are made about doses, duration of action, tolerance and side-effects.
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PMID:[Clinico-quatitative evaluation of the action of Ciba 34.647-Ba on spasticity]. 58 90

Cervical spondylosis and motor system disease can appear in a similar manner with upper and lower motor neuron signs. Four patients with spasticity and fasciculations in the upper and lower extremities had surgical decompression for cervical spondylosis. Postoperative examinations at 24 to 48 months, including electromyographic studies, disclosed neurological improvement in all patients and loss of fasciculations in the lower extremities in three. Three mechanisms by which cervical spondylosis might cause fasciculations in the lower extremities are vascular insufficiency, cord traction, and denervation.
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PMID:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with reversible fasciculations in the lower extremities. 58 98


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