Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study reports clinical and neuropathological findings in six premature infants dying after prolonged assisted ventilation (IPPB and CPPB) due to pulmonary insufficiency (gestational age: 26.--32. week; birth weight 820--1400 Gm; respirator therapy 41--143 days; survival 104--263 days). During the rspirator therapy the children developed marked extensor rigidity of the trunc and spasticity of the extremities. Postmortem examination revealed cor pulmonale and right ventricular failure. Signs of marked perinatal brain damage were missed. The slightly atrophic brains showed predominant damage to the telencephalic white matter of varying intensity ranging from focal necroses to gliosis and retarded myelination. Constant findings were increased vascularisation and transformation of the premyelinating glia into astrocytes in the deep and subcortical white matter. This form of telencephalic leucoencephalopathy indicates the particular vulnerability of the developing white matter in conditions with chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis and vascular congestion. The varying intensity of the lesions suggests that, in principle, minor lesions are either reversible or may be compensated in surviving children.
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PMID:Telencephalic leucoencephalopathy in premature infants dying after prolonged artificial respiration. Report on 6 cases. 124 20

Dantrolene sodium acts primarily by affecting calcium flux across the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. Recently, dantrolene has been used very successfully in the treatment of several rare hypercatabolic syndromes which have previously been associated with high mortality rates. In malignant hyperthermia, where early diagnosis and treatment usually with intravenous dantrolene in association with other supportive measures (and often subsequent dantrolene therapy) is performed, recovery is seen in virtually 100% of patients. There is a rapid resolution of hyperthermia, dysrhythmias, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hypercapnia, mottled or cyanotic skin, and metabolic acidosis, and a slower normalisation of myoglobinuria and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels. In patients with family history or previous episodes of malignant hyperthermia, prophylactic treatment with dantrolene prior to anaesthesia prevents the syndrome occurring in most cases. Where malignant hyperthermia has developed patients have been successfully treated with further dantrolene therapy. Dantrolene has also been used successfully in the treatment of a few cases of heat stroke and the neuroleptic malignant syndrome--both of which have many similarities to malignant hyperthermia. Dantrolene is well established in the treatment of patients with muscle spasticity where it generally improves at least some of the components of spasticity (i.e. hyper/hypotonia, clonus, muscle cramps and spasms, resistance to stretch and flexor reflexes, articular movement, neurological and motor functions and urinary control). However, in some patients, particularly those with multiple sclerosis, dantrolene may not be effective, and in many cases muscular strength may diminish. Long term dantrolene therapy has been associated with hepatic toxicity and may cause problems in patients treated for disorders of muscle spasticity. Thus, dantrolene offers a unique advance in the therapy available for the treatment of hypercatabolic disorders and is also useful in the treatment of muscle spasticity of various aetiology.
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PMID:Dantrolene. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in malignant hyperthermia, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and an update of its use in muscle spasticity. 352 59