Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the most lethal naturally occurring toxin known to mankind. Injection of BTX into the urethral sphincter or bladder is an effective treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction. We reviewed the literature on the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of BTX treatment in urologic diseases, with a focus on lower urinary tract dysfunction. Injection of BTX is safe and effective in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, non-neurogenic pelvic floor spasticity, and refractory overactive bladder. Urodynamic assessment after sphincter injection with BTX reveals a decrease of bladder voiding pressure, urethral pressure profile, and post-void residual urine. An increase of the functional bladder capacity and a decrease of the bladder voiding pressure can be seen after bladder injection with BTX. Clinical improvement was found in a moderate percentage of treated patients in most reported series and lasted for 3 to 14 months without significant adverse effects. In addition, BTX-A treatment inhibits afferent-nerve-mediated bladder contraction. This analgesic effect may expand the application of BTX in the localized genitourinary tract pain syndrome, such as interstitial cystitis and prostatodynia. In conclusion, application of BTX is a promising treatment for lower urinary tract dysfunction with profound basic and clinical implications.
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PMID:Botulinum toxin treatment of urethral and bladder dysfunction. 1268 5

Botulinum toxin is primarily a presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent inducing selective and reversible muscle weakness up to several months when injected intramuscularly in small quantities. The clinical use of botulinum toxin type-A has gained widespread acceptance and application for numerous adult and pediatric spasticity syndromes. This has led to the urologic adoption of this minimally invasive therapy for the treatment of idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, urinary retention, and prostatic conditions. Outlined below is an overview of the clinical adoption of this therapy for the treatment of various dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract.
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PMID:Urologic applications of botulinum toxin therapy for voiding dysfunction. 1546 17

Preventive measures are necessary against contraction of botulism through food intake or due to other factors because the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the strongest toxins. Despite this, given its therapeutic utility in the controll of neuromuscular transmission, BoNT has been utilized to treat diseases related to muscular hyperactivity, such as dystonia and spasticity. Furthermore, it has been recognized that BoNT is also useful in controlling the neurotransmitter release of sensory and autonomic nerve terminals as well. This paper reviews the recent progress in the therapeutic use of BoNT in pain management, for example, in condition such as migraine, myofascial pain syndrome, pelvic pain, and interstitial cystitis.
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PMID:[Use of botulinum toxin for pain therapy]. 1851 72

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used clinically for several diseases or syndrome including chronic migraine, spasticity, focal dystonia and other neuropathic pain. Chronic pelvic or bladder pain is the one of the core symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). However, in the field of urology, chronic bladder or pelvic pain is often difficult to eradicate by oral medications or bladder instillation therapy. We are looking for new treatment modality to improve bladder pain or associated urinary symptoms such as frequency and urgency for patients with BPS/IC. Recent studies investigating the mechanism of the antinociceptive effects of BoNT A suggest that it can inhibit the release of peripheral neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators from sensory nerves. In this review, we will examine the evidence supporting the use of BoNTs in bladder pain from basic science models and review the clinical studies on therapeutic applications of BoNT for BPS/IC.
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PMID:Botulinum Toxin A for Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. 2737 30