Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026838 (spasticity)
 6,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All the medical, surgical and engineering personnel in the UK who have used spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients, attended a workshop to discuss their results. The major use of SCS has been for multiple sclerosis and intractable pain. It was concluded that the technique benefited up to two thirds of patients with bladder dysfunction, and that pain and possibly spasticity also responded to SCS, but other manifestations of multiple sclerosis did not. Further information on long term benefit is needed and the use of SCS in other conditions, such as spinal injury and peripheral vascular disease, is not yet established. SCS cannot be recommended for use outside large centres as x-ray screening, urodynamic and neurophysiological assessment facilities are required as well as biological engineering assistance.
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PMID:Spinal cord stimulation in the United Kingdom. 634 11

Percutaneously inserted spinal cord electrical stimulation (PISCES) was carried out in eleven intractable pain cases and in one spastic paraplegic case. The causes of intractable pain constitute subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) 6 cases, cerebrovascular disease 2 cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) 1 case, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1 case and transverse myelitis (TM) 1 case. The cause of spastic paraplegia was due to the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). A trial stimulation was performed about two weeks before planning a permanent implantation of PISCES system. For the trial stimulation, epidural electrodes were percutaneously inserted with a guide of fluoroscopy in a X-ray room. The conditions of stimulation were adjusted to give an optimal electric dysesthesia. We employed pulse width 0.1-1.0 msec, pulse rate 1-120 Hz and pulse amplitude 0-10 Volt. If an excellent effect was obtained by trial study, we proceeded to the chronic implantation of PISCES system which were composed of epidural electrodes, a subcutaneous receiver and a surface antenna. The procedure of implantation was carried out in an operating room under local anesthesia. In our series, seven subjects (58%) experienced a rewarding effect by the trial stimulation and three underwent the permanent implantation of PISCES. We summarized the clinical courses of these three cases which were OPLL, CMT and SMON. Compared with the other methods for pain relief, PISCES is most characteristic in its safety and simplicity. To date, PISCES has been applied to various disorders; such as ataxia, spasticity, intractable pain, neurogenic bladder and peripheral vascular disease. But its efficacy has not been established in all these disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Our experiences of PISCES (percutaneously inserted spinal cord electrical stimulation) in SMON and other neurologic disorders]. 661 Nov 63

There is a growing body of evidence that the central nervous system (CNS), even in the adult animal, is capable of adaptation and reorganization not only as a result of partial damage to the CNS but also in response to stimulation. Environmental stimulation produces changes including expansion of visual cortex, increases in dendritic branching, glia and cholinesterase. Environmental stimulation also produces behavioural changes. Experimental electrical stimulation produces changes in synapse size, synaptic vesicle change, dendritic branching and changes in synaptic transmission. In man, repetitive electrical stimulation via epidural electrodes increases plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, and CSF levels of norepinephrine. Repetitive electrical stimulation in man dates back to 1967 and has been used for the control of pain, to improve spasticity, bladder control, motor deficit and the autonomic hyperreflexia of spinal cord injury. In addition, improvement has been reported in epilepsy, cerebral palsy, torticollis and peripheral vascular diseases. The best controlled studies are in multiple sclerosis and peripheral vascular disease, and these results will be presented in more detail.
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PMID:Rehabilitation following brain damage: some neurophysiological mechanisms. The effects of repetitive stimulation in recovery from damage to the central nervous system. 718 88